Some 4.200 years ago, after the Aryan invasion to India, there was civil unest that developed into a civil war in India. The stories of the Mahabaratha is the first known description of weapons made for manslaugther, as well as the first reord of actual warfare.
The Aryan off-spring Krisna took a central part in the calamities, persuading Anjuna to us his bow for killing his and Krisnas political oponents - i.e. the old royals - to enforce the inroduction of a "new age". In the war that followed Krisna creates an arillery unit, were he himself steer two oxes that pulls a wagon - from which Anjuna can shoot his arrows effectively. It mighthave been the loosers of this war that had to flee the Indian area - to the west.
Less than a century later a similar ox-barrow with spear-throwing invaders arrives in the Mesopotian realm. These Indo-Aryans can be seen in the "Standard of Ur" - that is depictng the "Asian soldiers" on wheels - during their invasion, sack and burning of the city of Ur.
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/classicalarch/images1/UrStand2700.jpgThe easy success seem to have geared their ambition and soon the same people continue their specific form of colonization nort- and west-wards - were new cities were besiegd, attacked and conquered. A trademark of the new rulers was to burn or tear down the monumental buildings of the conquered cities and build a new, fortified ones - at the highest hill of the cities.
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=5668§ionid=351020108 By 3.700 they had overrun the Sumerian province and created a new kingdom of Sumeria - with the conquered Babylon as the new capitol. Later Persegard gets blasted and Persepolis get to be the new capitol - and the long march towards the Mediterranean, the Hittites and the Egyptians could start.
http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=5668§ionid=3510201083.600 years ago the indo-aryan ship-trade had also advanced far west - along the coast as well as inland of Felix Arabia, it reaching Ertreya and Egypt. By this time they start to learn how to use a more advanced "cavallery" - of horses and chariots. (3.200 they advance to crush the Hittites and occupy the northern part of the Levant.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyksos3.500 the (proto-)Phonecians gets to establish trade-routes from India and the Persia bay, along the Arabian coast to the main-routes to the Erytrean Sea, the Akka bay and Egyptian (Red) Sea. As the Hyskos arrived in Egypt the Phoencans were able to organize an attack on Egypt - together with their cousins of the land-road, called "Asian soldiers".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhoeniciaCombining smart diplomacy and trade with infiltration and political play they were finally able to go for the regime ofthe Nile delta around 3.500 BP. In
Egyptian they were called "
heqa khasewet", i.e. "foreign rulers" - and their cavalery of charioteers called "
haibrw".
Co-ordinating attacks from the Red Sea and the Levant simultaniousy with the land-army with chariots - the Hyksos were able to roll into Egypt and conquer the temples of Heliopolis. Gaining controll over all the land east of the Nile they instigated their own dynasty of pharaoes - with Avaris as they capitol.
The escaping Egyptians survived to "regroup" in "Upper Egypt" forming a new capitol in Thebe - untill they were strong enough to strike back and effectively figth the intruders.
According to the stela in Medinet Habu the cavalerists of the Hyksos, the Hebrw, escaped Canaan by advancing over the Sinai dessrt and back to their former neighbours in the Levant. Here they managed to exterminate the Medianites in a veritable genocide.
http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Numbers%2031:1-18;&version=9;After this divine effort the remaining Hyksos (i.e. Hebrew) were able to get join in a political union with their cousin Phonecians, from which the retaliation on Egypt were planned - as known in the attack of the Sea People, which is a final phase of the Troyan wars.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_PeoplesAs the Asyrians came to rule the old Sumer and Arabia and the Hebrews ruled the Levant - they controlled all the land-routes between the Med and India/China. With the control of the Red Sea, Suez, Tyre and Carthagethe the Phoenicians would solemnly rule the Mediteranean trade to the east/south-east, from where the famous ivory, clothes, colors, silk and spices would arrive. The sea-routes to Erytreia or Akaba - and then along the coast of Felix Arabia to Cambay and Punt - were the key-route to the Asian trade-cultures, that included India, Myanmar and China.
The relationship between the first wars between the Indo-Aryans and the greek Sumerians - and the successive spread of war - was difficult to clearify before modern archaology were able to weigh in the evidences and the dates of the events that spread from the Pesian Bay to the Med during the 2. millenium BC.
As the conquest advanced the size of the armies grew from a few thousand to hundred of thousands - leading to the destructon of the old cities of the Middle East. As the "Burnt cities" have been excavated and dated (from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean) it has been possible to deduct a time-line of events, that may explain the how cultural extremity of warfare, devastation and genocide - came to search out and destroy most of the old civilisations between India to Spain in less than a millenia.
http://www.nabataea.net/hyksos.html
During the 1. millenia BC it spreads further into the mainlands of Anatoilia, Egypt, Libya, Greece, Italy and Spain - until the time of Alexander. Later the Romans picked up the "Alexandrian herritage" - as they learned to defend themselves effectily. Successfully doing so the plebeian generals advanced to political power, where they developed the policy to turn Rme into a metropois for a world wide empire. After the re-conquest of (punic) Libya they advanced on Spain, Geece, the Levant and Egypt - before the resources ran out. Solving it radically the marshall Caesar turned on Romes oldest (peaceful) allies - as he marched into the untouched resources of northern Europe - to "as a savage wolf drink the Gallic blood" (Cato).
Thus the lawful defenders had turned criminal themselves and the history of agression, manslaughter and conquest. Idolizing the success of brute strength, predatory behaviour and millitary technoogy - manipulation, stigmatization and warfare became "crimeless" and comme il faut as a political tools.
Thus the ideas and means of Maabaratha had spread as a wildfire - to reach the outermost realms of the known world. Thus the origin and history of the intruding Hyksos, along with their alied Phoenicians, can actually be followed back to India. Paradoxically they seem to have left alongside the rather peaceful Gypsies - close to 4.000 years ago - as a result of the civil wars between the Indo-Aryans...
Edited by Boreasi - 14-Feb-2009 at 23:00