Nice questions
1) Serbia was Russia's "softest stomach"...After Russo-Japanese War of 1905, Russia totally directed her politics over Balkans and that caused the clash between Austrian Pan-Germanism and Russian Pan-Slavism.So, it was actually impossible for Russia not to intervene in this issue.War couldn't have been prevented in long term, but that single event could have been prevented with a bilateral agreement and together with the major nations not intervening, but that could have only made a delay in a possible war
2)Well, too much things would have been different,then,probably. But in order for that annihilation not to take place, Russians should have made a more cautious advance in German East Prussia. After Gumbinnen victory, a cautious and well-prepared advance plan could have been enough to prevent a Tannenberg. If Rennenkampf had rescued Samsonov, I don't believe that would cause an early collapse of Germany in the war, but probably could have prevented the future invasion of Poland.
3)Hindenburg and Ludendorff...Hmm, it was actually Max Hoffman who prepared the plan executed in Tannenberg, but if Prittwitz, who was a bit coward,we could have seen a major German retreat in the east.
4)I believe Nicholas had filled his limit. The Russian people fell under terrible conditions of war, the army, which was the hugest one, wasn't supplied well anymore, war aims were not reached at all, and some parts of country was under invasion,and socially, there was a dissent, especially against Nicholas for a long time(even enough to remember Bloody Sunday of 1905), but Lvov and Kerensky did the same as Nicholas, they kept Russia in war, and exerted the conditions with new offensives,and that brought their downfall
5)Lenin was a crucial leader, I agree with that, but without Lenin, I believe still another leader could have taken place of him and try for revolution, but definitely in his own unique way and ideas.
6)The only way for provisional government to hold out until the end of the war was to organize and call Russian people for "defense" against invasion and that provisional government should know the extents of Russian power and act according to that, but instead, they prepared new offensives, which ended in disaster for Russia
7) Allies were too busy with Germans to overthrow the Bolshevik regime.Such a case could only happen with a small probability in case they were not fighting with Germans. And the effect of Allied activities in Russia against Bolsheviks had been insufficient, only taking control of a few ports like Archangelsk or Vladivostok, and supporting the White army, but not really densely.