Defeat of Mongols in Ayn Jalut

My english is not so good, so i might used wrong words, please forgive

What is the reason, every Arabs proudly discuss and talk about how they defeated the Tatars (mongols) in a place called Ayn Jalut?
What really happened there? Exactly 745 years ago, in 1260 september, it was a beautiful autumn with delicious airag(tradional drink of mongolia, milk of female horse) in central Mongolia , while there was black day for Mongols in the stormy desert in Ayn Jalut (now the border of Syria and Israeil).

These Mongols were soldiers of famous Mongol general Het Buha.
In 1260 Hulegu khan was almost conquered all the Islamic world, which ordered by Munkhe Khan. When it was only half step to finish, Munkhe Khan died.
Lost a brother Khan, Hulegu khan stopped the advance toward middle east,
left some soldiers under general Het Buha, and returned to central Mongolia pulling main mongol force. And another reason why he returned was, he was in a battle with Berh khan of Golden Horde , because of area of Armen, and Azerbajian , and he needed to pull some troops.

Het Buha
Het buha was a general of Hulegu khan. He was with his khan when they captured Baghdad, destoying Khalif, and destroyed Ismael. When Hulegu khan pulled back, Het Buha general sent his envoys with 40 people to Egypt , sending message "By the order of Blue Sky, Mongols should be the ruler of the world, every person stands against this, they would be killed with every family. And saying they`re more powerfull than Istandar`s Rustma.  You must send your envoys paying tribute or we have to battle".
At that time Mamluks in Egypt, was the only country in the Arab world, not was in control of Mongols, and it was country that Turegs( Turkics?) that ruled Egypt Syria Jordan and arabs, centralled Damasc.
The khan was called Kuduz , and he was very popular in his people.
Its said that his main force was some left soldiers of Khwarezm`s last sultan Jalal-al-adin.
Mongolian envoy also added this message: When Hulegu khan comes through Turan to Iran, not single Halif, Sultan, Malik could standed against him, and when he came to conquer Damask, his brother "Great khan Munkhe" died and he went back. But his powerfull general Het buha is here. If he starts his battle, no one can stop him, so pay tribute immediately.
But Mamluk khan and and his generals discussed , and decided to kill the Envoys of Mongol and fight against Mongols. One reason that made this decision confident was that the rival of the Hulegu Khan, Golden Horde`s Berh khan sent envoy to Mamluk to battle together against Hulegu khan`s troops.
Berh khan was calling himself as an Islamic religious, but the real reason why he became rival of Hulegu khan was that he was in dispute with area of Zochi khan`s Kavkaz`s area with Hulegu khan, and also Zochi`s 3 (grandson ?) killed unreasonably in Hulegu`s place, and some confirmed they were poisoned.
Even though Berh khan was a Islamic, the real reason was that.
Mamluks made decision , as they knew the number of Mongol soldiers weren`t many, and Het Buha general wanted to scare them without battleling.
The head of some Mongol soldiers was Baidar general, and he sent secret message to Het buha general saying the Mamluk soldiers started to move, so stay where he was. But Het buha when came to that place Baidar`s soldiers were almost defeated and pulling back, but general Het Buha bravely trusted his soldiers, and started his invasion.
At the time, enemy changed their place, leaving some troops in the secret places, and moved back. And they surrounded Mongol soldiers, using Mongol tactic against Mongols.
Het buha general didn`t want to send news about "defeated" to his Hulegu khan, thinking let`s fight to death instead of making him(hulegu khan) disappointed, and he told his soldiers that Hulegu khan would take revenge of us, later. Even though they fought like a thousands , they moved back , and he captured alive.
Mamluk`s troops fired the area of Mongol were hiding, and killed them, and occupied the base, and captured women including the wife of Het Buha, Selunge khatan, and killed others.
Mamluk`s khan Kutuz took Het buha general in his place, and said:
You lied and destroyed our homes, and killed many people, so i will kill you , you different religious man !
Het Buha general stood up and answered without any fear:
- We will win, if you kill me, i would think this is not your decision but God`s decision. Todays your victory is only for today. If Hulegu khan hears this news, he will come here and your country will be conquered under Mongol soldiers horses. There are thirty-thousand men like me for Hulegu Khan, and i`m the only one. This brave words, and his brave behavior, made Kuduz khan angry, and ordered to kill him and spread his legs, head, feet through out Mamluk.
It was really victory of one day for khan Kuduz, after few days he killed in hands of his own general Baibar. Lost brave warrior, Hulegu khan was very hurt and down. Unfortunately, fighting against Golden Horde`s Berh khan, and Mamluk`s new khan Baibar in two front, he couldn`t take the revenge of his general.
In 1262 , he almost defeated by the general Nogai(Nogay) of Berh khan, but his son Abaga defeated the Nogai , and captured his base. But Abaga defeated by Berh and moved back. Later Hulegu khan died and war stopped for some period , in 1265 Berh khan invade Il-khnate with big force, but he died at that time and the war was stopped.
Hulegu`s son and successor Abaga khan continued this war , and in 1270 he defeated the Barak who is (general ?) of Haidu(Qaidu) the successor of Berh khan. This war was the first big battle between Chingis khan`s (golden family? or grand sons?) , in 1264 Kublai khan battled with his younger brother Arig-Boh (ariq-bohe).

The Reason of War, and the repeat of History
One of the Yasa(law in English) in "Ih Zasag" was written: "By the order of Blue Sky, The Mongols should be the Ruler of the World".
Ogedei khan idea was to take all Chinese area under Mongol yoke, also conquer west europe through russia, then conquer all the Arabian world. Munkhe khan`s idea was to conquer Iran Iraq and conquer Turk through middle east and conquer west europe, making a Chingis khan`s order of "Making Mongols the rules of the World".
Some european historians suggested to compare the Chingis khan and his son(grandson)s plan to current US , the superpower. In 1252 Munkhe khan sent his younger brother Hulegu Khan to conquer Iran and other arabian countries.
Hulegu khan defeated Iran Iraq Georgia Armian Azerbajian and established powerfull Il-Khnate dynasty which should all Mongolians should proud of.
Of course that conquer made peace within all the religious people, and developed their contacts with each other.
Example: In 1258 when capturing Baghdad, the people of the city, wanted to be out of Khalif`s regime. After Khalif captured, he wanted to bribe with many golds and goods to be alive, Hulegu khan told:  Eat this gold and treasure taken from your people , and ordered put golds into his mouth.
And 525 years lasted Abbasid`s dynasty`s last khan was killed with tribute , not dropping single drop of blood on the floor.
Even though Mongols were doing a war, after the war, that country were developing much faster than before, many historians say.
Unfortunately, during the war against Chinese, Munkhe khan died of  (?), and it is said that he was regretting before he died, about how he lost his big plan, by batteling for a little city. Mongolian modern historian  Ch.Dalai said: "the khan of big empire himself went to a small war, was a mistake". After death of Munkhe-khan , it was a start of division step of Mongol Empire, and when Kubilai declared himself as a Khan, and moved capital from Khara-Khorum to Beijing, Mongol area lost its politcal power.
People ask does history repeat, it might does.
In 1241 near Dunai lake, Mongols defeated Hungarian khan Bellei`s force, and destroyed Polish army in Legnits, and when single step was left to finish conquer of West Europe, Mongols pulled back. The reason was the death of Ogedei khan.

So, when almost Islamic and Christian world went into control of Mongols, it was a death of two khans, rescued them. Historians who studied these two situations say there wasn`t enough force to stand against Mongol force for their enemies. This battle of Ain Jalut looks like stopped the invasion of Mongols to conquer the world, but it was a death of Khan, and battle between Golden Horde and Il-Khnate were the reason why Mongols stopped. Really it was the mongols who established the Mongol Empire , and destroyed their empire themself.

Defeat of Ain Jalut
Even though Arabian Historians give good scores for the result of this defeat, it couldn`t stop the Mongols plan to rule the Arabian world. The similiar example of this: how russian historians proudly tell how they defeated Mongols in Kulikov in 1280.
At this battle, Latvian soldiers were late to help for Mamay khan`s Mongol force. So they should seperate if Mongols were avoiding of cost or Defeat. After a year, Tohtamish Khan simply captured Moscow and burnt it.
After that, until 1480 Moscow paid tribute to Golden Horde and gave goods every year.
Il-khanaite battled with Mamluks many time, in 1269, 1277,1280,1299, 1300, 1302, and in 1299 Il-Khanate captured Damasc, and took revenge of  Het buha general. In 1399 Dogolon Tumur (Tughlug Timur) also burnt Damasc.
Historians suggest many things triggered,why these many unsuccessful wars happened.
Syrian area wasn`t good for Mongol horses, Mamluk`s generals once were in Mongol army and knew the tactics of Mongols, Il-Khanates couldn`t take advantage of contact with Rom`s Pop, and on the other side batteling with Golden Horde`s khans, and other things...

Even though Mongols couldn`t completely destroy Mamluks, they controlled all the Arabian world.
Il-Khanate dynasty khans took Islamic religion themselves in 1295, and was the main ruler of Arabian world. And its sucessor Dogolon Tumur (Tughlug Timur) and Mongol tribe Jalairs , ruled Arabian world for 200 years until 1460.
Its open to describe history from their side for any nation, and mongolians should be proud of great warrior called Het Buha.

EDIT: REMOVED A BIT TEXT by SaikhaNBayar

When i read how the Golden Horde and Il-Khanate were batteling over whole countries like Armian and Azerbajian in Kavkaz, and when i read on mongol newspaper, how Democratic party and Revolutionary party are fighting over a little mayor of a city now,
I always think how little we are now, and asks myself are we really the Mongols who ruled the half of the world?

Tsahim-Urtuu

If Nostradamus`s anticipation was right, Chingis khan already born.
If he`s born, i think he would be 5-10 years old (i don`t remember the date Nostradamus said).

Thanks for your post, and thanks for coming to mongolia, wish u gonna have nice trip here!

SaikhaNBayar,

   Such a large body of information should be supported by a link or a source. Unless you wrote all of that drawing from your own knowledge, then it will explain the big mistakes in the narration. Let me start with this:

The Mongol might have won Ayn Jalut if they kept the army in its original force, not because they were short in number during the battle, but because they lost the factor of a huge army which of course can turn any battle to a disaster to the other army. Hulegu Khan pulled a large portion of the Mongolian army, but they became equal to the Mumleuks, about 20,000 for both. From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_jalut

 Both Mameluk and Mongol armies encamped in Palestine in July of 1260. They finally met at Ain Jalut on September 3, with both sides numbering about 20 000 men (the Mongol force was originally much larger, but Hulegu took most of it when he returned home).

You totally neglected northern African states, Yemen, Sultenates of Oman. In fact, only regions that fell to the hand of Mongols out of the Arab world is Iraq & greater Syria only, which is 20% of the Arab that time.

Number of Mongols is almost 20,000 and Mumlueks were also 20,000. The reason of Het Buha failure is that he thought Mumlueks will be typical in the battle ground and he forgot that they are soldiers who are trained as warriors all their lives, close to Mongolian nomadic culture of contineous fight. Also the Mumleuks were very skilled soldiers. Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayn_jalut

Mameluke heavy cavalrymen were able to clearly beat the Mongols in close combat, something which no one had previously done.

I call this a historical joke. How this can be an example that Mongols brought peace to the region? For your information, The Abbasid Sultan was weak at that time, but he went out and offered himself in exchange of not hurting the city inhabitants. He could have escaped simply. So your theorgy that he was disliked by his people is incorrect. Also, the Abbasid empire was only a circle in Iraq and lost all its territories before that. Also, the peace the Mongols have brought was millions massacred in Persia and regarding your Baghdad example I draw the following horror picture from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_%281258%29

On February 10 Baghdad surrendered, after the Caliph Al-Musta'sim came out of the city and gave himself up, at which point he was executed, by wrapping him in a rug and having him either "beaten to a pulp" or trampled by horses. The Mongols swept into the city on February 13, which began a week of massacre, looting, and fire.

Because it is a tradition for Mongols not to shed a noble blood, so they simply killed him in this horrible way: Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghdad_%281258%29

On February 10 Baghdad surrendered, after the Caliph Al-Musta'sim came out of the city and gave himself up, at which point he was executed, by wrapping him in a rug and having him either "beaten to a pulp" or trampled by horses

With no doubt, the death of the Khan was a decisive factor in the loss of Ayn Jalut, however "and destroyed their empire themself" is little exaggerated. The mongols captured lands but had no way of keeping them connected. The Mongols had no civilization that connect those lands, it was only a matter of their army presence and if that army disappeared, nothing can point to the Mongolain civilization touch on those nations. Also, the Mongols failed in using religion as a unifiying facotr. At the begning, all mosques and churches were converted to Budhist temples in Persia in an effort to spread a unified culture of Budhism for the region, however, the end was the opposite were the Mongols adopted Islam, thus a break off from the mainland Mongolia.

Arab Historians were not concerned on the battle loss as a fortunte event, they rather draw on the outcomes of the battle, or the aftermath. If the Mongols succeeded in defeating the Mumlueks, Cairo would have been burned down, a similar massacre of Baghdad and Persia, and the loss of hundreds of years worth of burned libraries that Baghdad lost. Egypt was able to hold its stand as a cultural and civilization center, as the Amir of Granada was able to retain too. Something Baghdad has lost forever.

Im still not sure what is that Arabian world they controlled? Iraq and Syria?

Maybe it is time for Mongolia to seek a new glory. However, I hope it is less bloody than the previous military glory.

Ok great, in the process of discreditng a source, present your source.

Not really. When half of the army is sent back to Mongolia, I don't think they send back Armenians and Georgians. Also for the sake of the argument, assuming it was, most Mumlueks soldiers were Turkic. What is your point?

These information are presented to the view that he was disliked by his people and that the Mongol brought peace by saving the people from him and butchering them for a week

Which is kind of being naiive in historical interpretation. Now, regarding if he had the chance to escape, he definitely had the chance as some of his councel members did. And if you read carefully, if he knew that there is no chance of escaping, why would he give himself up to the Mongols? To be saved from them? Maybe they would just imprison him? Not really, as the Mongols made it clear that any city standing against them will receive a typical punishment that Persian cities received.

Originally posted by Temujin oh, and why complaining that million Iranians were slaughtered by Mongols? I thought the Iranian conquest by Arabs was completely without incident... ...

Assuming Arabs butchered Persians in millions, then Arabs did not bring peace to the region. However, what is the relationship here? A massacre is a massacre. It will be immature that every time someone link a massacre, he has to justify that other massacres happened too. And don't tell me that was the norm at that time to butcher in millions those resisting cities.

By the way, your theory that Arab butchered Persians in millions was laid down here with no support. I just agreed on it for the sake of arguement. Would you like maybe to take some time and provide us with some credible backup of your counter-argument.

Refer back to my post. I never said Mongols were conquered by other states causing their empire to collapse. All what I talked about, is their failure in keeping their empire alive due to the reasons i stated.

I guess you like a rosey version of history. Generally speaking, the Shimanism of Mongols allows them to accept other religions with no prosecution. However, we are not talking about theoritical approach of history. You can prosecute a specific religion just for a non-religious matter.  Arghun and his father , who ruled persia, were not Muslims or Christians. When bringing such a contrasting statement, spend more time searching your resources. Meanwhile, I would backup mine with this:

http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/mongols/i lkhanate.html

Abaqa, Hulegu's son, was a devout Buddhist who mercilessly persecuted the Muslims of the Il-Khanate. He even promoted Christian interests ahead of Muslim, simply to harass the Muslims. Abaqa's son, Arghun, also a Buddhist, was even harder on Muslims than his father had been. During this period of Buddhist leadership in traditionally Islamic lands, many Buddhist symbols appeared. Numerous Buddhist temples dotted the landscape of Persia and Iraq, none of which survived the 14th century, unfortunately. The Buddhist element of the Il-Khanate died with Arghun, however, and Islam soon spread from the population to the ruling classes.

Yes, and the formula for making kumiss was supposedly stolen by some Russian princess who had been married off to a Mongol--she took the formula back to Russia and that's how kefir (fermented cow's milk) was made.

Oh i forgot,

its like some people make mistakes by saying Genghis, but the real name is Chingis (Chingiz)

 What is the reason, every Arabs proudly discuss and talk about how they defeated the Tatars (mongols) in a place called Ayn Jalut?

i dont understand why arabians are proud of the victory of ayn calut!!! the winners were the mamelukes ( which means 'slave' ) which once were turkish slaves at those lands!!!

SaikhaNBayar wrote:
What is the reason, every Arabs proudly discuss and talk about how they defeated the Tatars (mongols) in a place called Ayn Jalut?

Perhaps it is more reflective of the Muslim feeling r eally, 'cause the defeat at Ayn Jalut and subsequently the fall of Damascus and Aleppo probably saved the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina should Hulegu have plans to go into Arabia. The Muslim version describe the heroism of Qutz and his wife.

SaikhaNBayar wrote:
Even though Mongols couldn`t completely destroy Mamluks, they controlled all the Arabian world.
Il-Khanate dynasty khans took Islamic religion themselves in 1295, and was the main ruler of Arabian world. And its sucessor Dogolon Tumur (Tughlug Timur) and Mongol tribe Jalairs , ruled Arabian world for 200 years until 1460.

I thought the Il-khanate occupied Persia.