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Dated Sumerian Events
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alchemon View Drop Down
Immortal Guard
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Posts: 1 		  Quote alchemon Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Dated Sumerian Events
    Posted: 07-May-2018 at 08:34
In what we have found of recorded Sumerian history, I have these questions. Did they date events ? How did they date events ? For instance, were events dated moving forward from a year zero that occurred at some point in time ? If so, do we know when that year zero began for the Sumerians ?
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Arthur-Robin View Drop Down
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Posts: 937 		  Quote Arthur-Robin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-May-2018 at 02:37

(I'll try posting this reply one more time.)

Here is a list of many of the main known dating/chronology informations from Sumer-Akkadian & Assyrio-Babylonian history.


Eridu/Nunki 64,800 yrs
Badtibira 108,000 yrs
Larak 28,800 yrs
Sippar 21,000 yrs
Shuruppak 18,600 yrs
Antediluvian total 241,200 yrs (before 2900 bc = 244,100 bc)
Atrahasis 600 yrs, 3189 bc.
Kish 1 dyn 24,510 / 2254 yrs
Uruk 1 dyn 2310/3588 yrs
7 yrs famine in Epic of Gilgamesh
Ur 1 dyn 171/177 yrs
Royal Graves of Ur & graves of Old Kingdom similar (Waddell).
Combe-Capelids were found in Sumerian cities of Kish & Ur.
Awan 356 yrs
Kish 2 dyn 3195/3792 yrs
Hamazi 360/420 yrs
Uruk 2 dyn 187/480 yrs
Ur 2 dyn 108 / 582/578 yrs / 120 + x yrs
Adab 90 yrs
7th/10th Mari 136/184 yrs
Kish 3 dyn 60+4(0) yrs
Akshak 87/99/116 yrs
Kish 4 dyn 485/491/586 yrs
430 yrs gap in/before/after Kish 4 dynasty
Kish 1-4 dyns 14409 + x yrs
Uruk 3 dyn 25/34 yrs
Akkad 161/177/181/197 yrs
Akkadian & Ebla synchronism with (4th-)6th dyn
Sippar/Naramsin dated 3200 yrs before Nabonidus 550 bc (3750 bc)
2 suns in Naramsin stele
Uruk 4 dyn 26/30/43/47 yrs
Guti 25/99/124 yrs
"12" yrs drought/famine of Lagash
Kish Chronicle covers from Kish 3 to Guti dynasties.
Uruk 5 dyn (42)7 yrs
Uruk 1-5 dyns 2610 + x yrs
Ur 3 dyn 108/117 / 120 + x / 123 yrs
Lunar/solar eclipse of Shulgi
Ur 1-3 dyns 396 yrs
Isin 159/203/225 yrs
Kish 1 to Isin dynasties total 28876 + x yrs or 3443 + x yrs
Kutirnahunte 1635/1850 yrs before Ashurbanipal 650 bc (2700/2285/2220 bc)
Sumerian king-list covers from Eridu/Nunki to Kish 1 to Isin dynasties
Sumerian & Indus Valley synvchronisms
Semiramis was 5 generations before Nitocris (Herodotus).
Babylon/Hammurabi ca 2290-2235 bc in Annalistic tablet.
Venus tablets of Ammisaduga (2113/2105 or 1977/1956 or 1419 or 8th cent bc)
Babylon 1 dyn / Old Babylonian Period (high 1848 / middle 1792 / low 1736/1728 / ultralow 1696 bc)
Hyksos scarab at Baghdad
Babylon 1 dyn synchronism with 13th dynasty
Dark ages 64 or 56 yrs.
Kassites 576 yrs
Kassite & Middle Assyrian kings mentioned in Amarna letters.
Synchronistic Chronicle & Chronicle P have synchonisms between the Babylonian & Assyrian king-lists.
Eclipse of Bur-Sagale 763 bc
Nabonasar calendar 747 bc contemporary of Numa & Hezekiah
Assyrians had periods of 1805 yrs, last one ended in 712 bc
Canon of Ptolemy covers Neo-Babylon to Persian to Roman dynasties.

Berosus king-list:
456000 or 432000 yrs (86400 lustrum, 6000 zodiacal degrees,) 120 sars antediluvian dynasties
Babylonian creation 400,000-200,000 yrs before Alexander Polyhistor or Proclus.
241200 yrs antediluvian dynasties
34091 yrs 1st dynasty
1st 224/211/190 yrs
2nd dyn 234/224 yrs
3rd dyn (2)48/0 yrs
4th dyn 458 yrs
5th dyn 245 yrs
6th dyn 526 yrs
7th dyn 121/122?

Assyrian/Babylonian king-list of Ctesias/Eusebius/Jerome:
Belus 2286-2231 bc (Ctesias, Syncellus)
Bel 322 yrs before Trojan 1229 (Thallus/Theoph.)
30/33 generations/descents from Belus/Ninus/Ninyas to Sardanapalus
1013/1240/1280/1300/1306/1500 yrs Bel/Semiramis to Medes 816/700 bc
Ninus 2182 bc (Clinton, Layard)
Ninus 1996/1987 bc (synchronism with Abraham, Eusebius/Syncellus/Hislop)
1995 yrs Ninus to Philip 197 bc
520 yrs duration of Assyrians until Medes (Herodotus)

Assyrian calendar coincides with Indian/Egyptian/Mayan in 11542 bc (6 periods of 1805 yrs before 712 bc when one such period ended)
Nippur calendar began 3760 bc (Sitchin)
"Tablet K8538 (700 bc) may date to 3123 bc".
Borsippa built 42 ages before Nebuchadnezzar
72 books of Bel.
Observations of stars began 473,000 yrs before Alexander (Dio. Sic.)
Babylonians records cover a period of 470,000 yrs (Cicero).
Babylonian astronomical observations began 1903 yrs before Aristotle 331 bc (2234 bc, Kallisthees, Simplicius).
Astronomical observations at Babylon extended 490 yrs before Phoroneus 1753 bc (2243 bc, Berosus, Pliny).
Babylonian astronomical observations begen 720 yrs before Phoroneus 1753 bc (2473 bc, Epigenes).
Babylon built 1002 yrs before Trojan war 1229 bc (2231 bc, Stephanos).
"Era of Ishtar".
7 periods of famine (Atrahasis epic).
"40 periods of toil" when the gods like men bore work.

Time periods/cycles:
Highest number/period 12,960,000
Shar/Sar(oi) 3600 yrs
Sar(oi) 2160 yrs (Alford)?
Assyrians had periods of 1805 yrs
1183.5 yrs = 432,000 days
Neroi 600 yrs
Great Year 600 yrs (Josephus)
Sos(oi) 60 yrs.
Venus 56/64 yrs
Belus/Hammurabi reigned 55 yrs
Venus/Ammisaduga 21 yrs?
Sar(oi) 18 yrs.
Sar(oi) 3600 days (10 yrs, Fasold)?
Venus 8 earth-years, 5 Venus-years
limmu/eponym 1`year
'bab tuppisu' "remainder of a year"
Nineveh 40 days (Jonah)
Double hour 2 hrs (dog watch in Europe, cattle count in Egypt).

Biblical:
Hiddekel/Tigris & Euphrates rivers of Eden (Genesis 2)
Enoch
Flood/deluge
Nimrod, Asshur, Shinar, Babel, Erech, Akkad (Genesis 10-11)
Ur of the Kasdim/Chaldees
Chedor-laomer & Amraphel vs Abraham
"Pharaoh of exodus an Assyrian"?
"Babylonish garment" in Joshua
Cushan-rishathaim (Judges).
Edomite king on Euphrates
"Hyksos afraid of Assyrians" (Josephus)
Jonah to Nineveh
Pul
Nebuchadnezzar
Star of Bethlehem (Sippar?)
Peter at "Babylon".

Secular archaeology:
Alluvium where rivers flow into Persian Gulf.
Carbon dating.
Tree rings.
Thera 1628/1627 or 1600 or mid-16th cent or 1520 or 1500 bc.
Sumerian dates to age of Taurus/Bull.
Uruk / Jemdset Nasr & Gerzean synchronism.
26 levels/layers/houses-rebuildings in Tepe Gawra.

(It posted this time. The first few times was blocked.)



Edited by Arthur-Robin - 10-May-2018 at 02:39
NZ's mandatory fluoridation is not fair because it only forces it on the disadvantaged/some and not on the advantaged/everyone.
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Sharrukin View Drop Down
Chieftain
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Posts: 1314 		  Quote Sharrukin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 21-Jul-2018 at 09:25
The Sumerians used the "year-name" system to date events in the rule of a king.   For example a year of Ur-Nammu, king of Ur was designated "the year when the temple of Nanna was built".    Unfortunately what we have are scattered references to such year-names and very few inscriptions which places them in chronological order.    Such inscriptions probably exist.    The Sumerian King List (SKL) would have us believe that events were dated before or after the Flood.   The SKL we now know, which is dated from after the rule of the Sumerians, was merely the evolution of a more ancient King List called by professor Piotr Steinkeller the Ur III Sumerian King List or USKL, which mentions no Flood or even a list of rulers before it.   It starts with the rulers of Kish and excludes most of the cities mentioned in the later SKL.    Hence there was no true "year 0" in the older Sumerian reckoning.  
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Posts: 1314 		  Quote Sharrukin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 21-Jul-2018 at 12:40
As a result of such a lack of local time reckoning, Sumerian chronology is broken down archaeologically into cultural periods:

Ubaid Period - c.5300-4000 BC
Uruk Perod - c. 4000-3100 BC
Jembat Nasr Period - c. 3100 BC-2900 BC
Early Dynastic I - c. 2900-2700 BC
Early Dynastic II - c. 2700-2600 BC
Early Dynastic IIIa - c. 2600-2500 BC
Early Dynastic IIIb - c. 2500-2300 BC
Akkadian Period - c. 2300-2100 BC
Ur III Period - c. 2100-2000 BC
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Posts: 937 		  Quote Arthur-Robin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 21-Jul-2018 at 17:34
(howdy Sharrukin long time no see!)

The challenge is reconciling the different sources/versions (Sumerian/Babylonian king-list, Assyrian king list, Berosus, Ctesias, Herodotus, Bible, archaeological) especially before the Akkadian dynasty/period. Most consider the Sumerian to all be within the (Uruk Period &) and Early Dynastic Period, but the dynasties might overlap with earlier periods. It is also a question what the time or extent of the flood of the Sumerian king-list was. Archaeological names are not very helpful without the corresponding cities excavation shaft levels info.

Timleline from the king-lists:
(1) Eridu/Nunki (Alulim/Alorus)
(2) Badtibira
(Larsa)
Badtibira
(3) Larak
(4) Sippar
(5) Shuruppak (8th/10th king)
- flood/deluge (Ziusudra/Atrahasis/Utnapishtim) -
(1) Kish 1 (Enmebaragesi)
Eanna
(2) Uruk 1 (Gilgamesh)
(3) Ur (0 &) 1 (Mesannepada)
(4) Awan
 Kish 2
(5) Hamazi (Hadanis)
Uruk 2
Ur 2
(6/9) Adab
(7/10) Mari
Kish 3 (Kubau)
Akshak
Kish 4
Uruk 3 (Lugalzaggesi)
Akkad (Sargon, Naramsin)
Uruk 4
Guti
Lagash 2 (Gudea)
Uruk 5 (Utuhegal)
Ur 3 dyn / neo-Sumerian (Urnammu)
Isin
Larsa
Babylon 1 / Old Babylonian (Hammurabi)
Hittite (Mursilis)
Sealands
Kassites
Middle Babylonian
Babylon 10 / Neo-Babylonian / Chaldean (Nebuchanezzar)
Medes (Darius)
Persian/Iranian/Achaemenid (Cyrus).

Timleline from secular archaeological:
Shanidar (neanderthal, palaeolithic)
Zarzian
Jarmo (neolithic)
Hassuna, Samarra
Halaf
Ubaid / pre-Sumerian
Uruk
Jemdet Nasr
Early Dynastic Period / Sumerian
Akkadian



Edited by Arthur-Robin - 21-Jul-2018 at 17:42
NZ's mandatory fluoridation is not fair because it only forces it on the disadvantaged/some and not on the advantaged/everyone.
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Chieftain
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Posts: 1314 		  Quote Sharrukin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 25-Jul-2018 at 06:45
There is no challenge to reconcile the different sources.    We now KNOW that the Sumerian King List itself was the result of an evolution.   The Ur III Sumerian Kinglist (USKL) provides us with that insight into how earlier King Lists evolved into the standard Sumerian King List.   All later sources are either mutations of the SKL or traditions not sourced from the SKL.   You are correct though in dating the Sumerians to the Uruk and Early Dynastic Periods and that their "dynasties" did overlap in time (mostly in the Early Dynastic, Akkadian, and Ur III periods).
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Posts: 937 		  Quote Arthur-Robin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 26-Jul-2018 at 05:48
Your info is interesting though i differ some on some of the ideas.
Is there an online version of this "Ur 3 Sumerian king list"? I am aware of the Kish Chronicle  and the Isin king-list. I can't really say an opinion on the king-lists evolution until i have seen this list.
It has been a challenge for me to solve the true chronology of the different "prehistoric" ancient sources: As far as i am aware no one has yet fully proven a true full picture. Evolution doesn't have the full answer; not everything evolved. There is alot that is not known.
NZ's mandatory fluoridation is not fair because it only forces it on the disadvantaged/some and not on the advantaged/everyone.
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Sharrukin View Drop Down
Chieftain
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Posts: 1314 		  Quote Sharrukin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 27-Jul-2018 at 14:29
I got a link for you.    https://www.academia.edu/35603955/An_Ur_III_Manuscript_of_the_Sumerian_King_List

I hope you are able to access it.
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