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Creation of Kurdistan (PKK's holy goal)

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  Quote Evrenosgazi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Creation of Kurdistan (PKK's holy goal)
    Posted: 27-Jan-2009 at 18:17

How can an administrator in a fine historical forum could open a thread like this. I cant really believe this, he is trying to provocate the members. PKK is a terrorist group and my family lost 2 of our member against them.




es_bih:

Lets keep the discussion as members. Please take questions about the staff to proper channels (PM'ing an Admin, staff member, etc...)





Edited by es_bih - 27-Jan-2009 at 18:52
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  Quote Cyrus Shahmiri Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 27-Jan-2009 at 18:45
People have the same right to live as you have, when you kill them, it is possible that you are killed by them too. People have utterly selfish definition of "Terrorism", Turks say Kurds are terrorists and Israelis say it about Palestinians, in fact it seems terrorists are just those, especially ethnic people, who fight against the rulers.
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  Quote Evrenosgazi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 27-Jan-2009 at 19:34
Originally posted by Cyrus Shahmiri

People have the same right to live as you have, when you kill them, it is possible that you are killed by them too. People have utterly selfish definition of "Terrorism", Turks say Kurds are terrorists and Israelis say it about Palestinians, in fact it seems terrorists are just those, especially ethnic people, who fight against the rulers.
We turks never say kurds as terrorists. Turkish soldiers does not kill kurdish citizens. They are killing only the ones who declare war on Turkish republic. We are living with them peacefully. For example in my hospital we are managing all  Turkish citizens equally(We dont know who is kurd, laz ,etc). We dont ask their nationality.. Secondly we are not Israel.  
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  Quote Beylerbeyi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 28-Jan-2009 at 11:24
I cant really believe this, he is trying to provocate the members.
It is a kindergarten level trolling attempt, ignore him. 

As to Kurdish national movement, I wouldn't start it from the 1920's. What was happening then was the British bribing the Kurds against the Turks. It was an imperialist plot, not an indigenous national movement. PKK, on the other hand, is an indigenous Kurdish national movement. It received and receives help from other countries, but it was not created by them. It dates back to the 1970s. I don't think that a national movement existed in Turkish Kurdistan before the second half of the 20th century. 

It is true that there are people in PKK who would want an independent state, but they are a minority only alive due to Turkey's actions. Majority of the Kurds in Turkey do not want a separate state.
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  Quote Leonidas Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 28-Jan-2009 at 13:07
Originally posted by Cyrus Shahmiri

Our enemy is just the current regime of Iran, so USA and Israel are in fact the best friends of Iranian people.
i think your missing the point in my post. They tend to be enemies of Iranians not your regime, get it?

The shah was booted out because he started to talk out of line, look at his last interview. Who helped the revolution? the Anglos/French. Then who helped Saddam attack Iran? the Anglos/French and puppets. They didnt like what their little plan actaully did when the Mullahs killed of the rest their fellow revolutanaries. Who gets killed? Iranians.

Get a grip, theve been screwing your country for a very long time. The only way you can be safe is to have a puppet regime speak about democaracy as Chevron and Co pirate out your wealth.
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  Quote Spartakus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 28-Jan-2009 at 17:13
Originally posted by Beylerbeyi



As to Kurdish national movement, I wouldn't start it from the 1920's. What was happening then was the British bribing the Kurds against the Turks.


There were signs of an emerging proto-nationalist movement, already by the end of the 19th century. In 1898,you have the publication of the bilingual journal Kurdistan, while during the second Constitutional period, the creation of the Kurdish Progress Society (Kürt Terakki Cemiyeti)and the publication  of the journal Kürt Terakki ve Teavün Gazetesi. Yet, it was confined among intellectuals who were living in Konstantiniyye or were in exile ( mainly Central and Eastern Europe). All of them had taken their education in the imperial capital. An example would be Seyyid Abdülkadir. This proto-nationalism actually reached the Kurdish regions only after the Koçgiri rebellion, in 1921, with the help of the Azadi Committee. Most of the proto-nationalist members of the Committee were arrested in 1924. Thus, the rebellion of 1925 resembled, pretty much, previous ones: a sheikh used religious rhetoric (not a nationalist or an ethnic one) in order to mobilize the other agas and sheikhs against the new central authority.

Originally posted by Beylerbeyi

It was an imperialist plot, not an indigenous national movement.
 PKK, on the other hand, is an indigenous Kurdish national movement.


What are the criteria in order to judge whether it was or wasn't an indigenous reaction? The people behind it? All  rebellions during the 20s and 30s  were carried out by local populations under the leadership of the local traditional elite. The  ideological context? It's true that Kurds were mobilized by a religious rhetoric, as mentioned above. In fact, if i remember correctly, the Sheikh Said rebellion was the last one where the Caliphate was invoked. But the Azadi members were mainly mobilized by a proto-nationalism. 

Originally posted by Beylerbeyi


 It received and receives help from other countries, but it was not created by them. It dates back to the 1970s.


It was created by a small group of Kurdish extreme-leftists, in 1978. Abdüllah Ocalan himself was a member of the notorious Dev Genç, back in the 60s, and in 1974 he was working in the Ankara Higher Education Union ( Ankara Yüksek Öğrenim Derneği -
AYÖD). The PKK was the child of the historical evolution of the "Turkish spring" and of statal repression, mainly during the first half of the 70s. But, i can agree to some part with you. From 1938 (Dersim rebellion) until 1968 (great demonstrations in Diyarbakır and Silvan) we cannot talk about the existence of an organized Kurdish nationalist movement.



Edited by Spartakus - 28-Jan-2009 at 17:15
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  Quote Beylerbeyi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 28-Jan-2009 at 17:48
There were Kurdish rebellions in the first half of the 20th century, but as you wrote they were not nationalist in character. Main reasons behind them were: 

a. The new Turkish Republic's move to increase its authority in regions which were living in a state of autonomy (like Dersim).    

b. The Allied attempts to provoke the Kurds against Turkey. Kurdish uprisings before and after the Turkish Independence War are like this. The British, however, had plans to create a mandate of Kurdistan and they surely have invented a Kurdish movement to justify their plans. Typical imperialist plotting.  

c. Similar to the point a, the Turkish state's attempt to modernise (and westernise) the country met with resistance from reactionaries both Turkish and Kurdish, which provided some of the popular appeal.

In short there was no Kurdish national movement in Turkey in the first half of the 20th century. They were too backward for that. At that time in Eastern Turkey, there was even hardly a Turkish national movement (those from the West organised it and won the independence war), let alone Kurdish. Even today AKP gets more votes than DTP.

There could be a few Kurds under British payroll in Istabul or wherever who may have called for a Kurdish state, but there was no such movement in Kurdistan itself.  
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  Quote Spartakus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 28-Jan-2009 at 18:38
Originally posted by Evrenosgazi

We turks never say kurds as terrorists.


That's true. But Ankara used many other, not that flattering, names to refer to Kurds or Kurdish anti-center activities: "Mountain Turks", irtica,traitors etc.


from Kemal Kirişci and Gareth M. Winrow, The Kurdish Question and Turkey: An example of a Trans-State Ethnic Conflict, p. 109:

"A series of large public meetings were held in 1967 to draw attention to the problems of eastern Anatolia...The goverment accused the organizers of seeking to divide the country and called them traitors."

Originally posted by Evrenosgazi


Turkish soldiers does not kill kurdish citizens. They are killing only the ones who declare war on Turkish republic. We are living with them peacefully. For example in my hospital we are managing all  Turkish citizens equally(We dont know who is kurd, laz ,etc). We dont ask their nationality.. Secondly we are not Israel. 


The Kurdish issue is not that new, and Ankara's reaction was quite harsh during the previous decades.

from David MacDowall, A Modern History of the Kurds, p. 404:
" By Law No. 1587 the NUC had already started systematically to change Kurdish place names into Turkish ones, 'names which hurt public opinion and are not suitable for our national culture, moral values, traditions and customs'. In January 1961 it enacted another law providing for the establishment of regional boarding schools with the specific intention of assimilating Kurds, just as had been recommended back in 1935. President Gursel had just written a foreword to the second edition of M. Sherif Firat's Doğu Illeri ve Varto tarihi (Ankara, 1948, 1961). This argued that the Kurds were in fact of Turkish origin and that there was no such thing as the Kurdish nation...President Gursel now declared that no nation exists with a personality of it's own, calling itself Kurdish, and noted that the Kurds were not only compatriots, but also racial brothers of the Turks."


from David McDowall,op.cit , p. 409:

" Since the end of January (1970) special military units have undertaken a land war in the regions of Diyarbakir, Mardin, Siirt and Hakkari under the guise of hunting bandits. Every village is surrounded at a certain hour, it's inhabitats rounded up. Troops assemble men and women separately, and demand the men to surrender their weapons. They beat those who deny possesing any or make other villagers jump on them. They strip men and women naked and violate the latter. Many have died in these operations, some have committeed suicide. Naked men and women  have cold water thrown over them, and they are whipped. Sometimes women are forced to tie a rope around the penis of their husband and then lead him around the village. Women are likewise made to parade naked around the village. Troops demand villagers to provide women for their pleasure and their entire village is beaten if the request is met with refusal."

from Hamit Bozarslan, " Kurds and the Turkish State", The Cambridge History of Turkey, vol.4, p. 347:

"...in the 12 March 1971 military coup in Turkey...hundrends of Kurdish intellectuals and militants were arrested and tortured, and a widespread repression targeted all kinds of manifestations of Kurdishness."

from Kemal Kirişci and Gareth M. Winrow, op.cit., p. 111

" There was a major backlash against the conspicuous growth of expressions of Kurdish ethnicity and Kurdish nationalist ideas. Even a former CHP deputy and one-time member of the Ecevit government, Şerafettin Elçi, was sentenced to a year of imprisonment by a military court in March 1981 for having said in an interview that 'There are Kurds in Turkey. I am a Kurd.'
  The harsh reaction against manifestations of Kurdishness was also reflected in the new Constitution adopted in 1982. This defined one of the most fundamental tasks of the Turkish state as the safeguarding of the 'independence and integrity of the Turkish Nation, the indivisibility of the country, the Republic' (Article 5). This effectively made it illegal to express any idea that could be interpreted by the authorities as amounting to a recognition of a separate, Kurdish, ethnic identity. Another article noted: 'No language prohibited by the State shall be used in the expression and dissemination of thought (Article 26). Subsequently, in October 1983 Law 2932 was introduced to ban the use of Kurdish for the dissemination of information.
"

from Gülistan Gürbey, ' The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in Turkey since the 1980s', The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s: It's impact on Turkey and the Middle East, p.22 :

" The inappropriate Turkish policy, which attempts to carry out forced assimilation of the Kurds through military violence and which excludes a dialogue with the Kurds, represents the internal factor responsible for the strengthening of Kurdish nationalism."

from Mark Muller,' Nationalism and the Rule of Law in Turkey: The Elimination of Kurdish Representation during the 1990s', The Kurdish Nationalist Movement in the 1990s: It's impact on Turkey and the Middle East, p. 177:

" The Kurdish issue, together with the growth of radical politics, was sufficiently serious to require a coup d' etat in 1980, which resulted in further oppressive measures against the Kurds during the next three years of military rule."

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  Quote Spartakus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 28-Jan-2009 at 19:17
Originally posted by Beylerbeyi

There were Kurdish rebellions in the first half of the 20th century, but as you wrote they were not nationalist in character.


True. But the organizing efforts for a major rebellion in the early 20s were those of the Azadi, whose motives were not religious, rather ethnic ones. Of course, inside the Azadi where members of the traditional elite, whose motives were religious or, simply, individualistic. They took over after 1924 and carried out the rebellion in 1925. So we can say that , for a glimpse of time, between 1921-24 there was some kind of proto-nationalistic activity in the Kurdish regions.

Originally posted by Beylerbeyi


 Main reasons behind them were: 

a. The new Turkish Republic's move to increase its authority in regions which were living in a state of autonomy (like Dersim).    

b. The Allied attempts to provoke the Kurds against Turkey. Kurdish uprisings before and after the Turkish Independence War are like this. The British, however, had plans to create a mandate of Kurdistan and they surely have invented a Kurdish movement to justify their plans. Typical imperialist plotting.  

c. Similar to the point a, the Turkish state's attempt to modernise (and westernise) the country met with resistance from reactionaries both Turkish and Kurdish, which provided some of the popular appeal.


Hmm. I am leaning towards the first reason. Your third reason could be, also, part of the first. From what i've read, and seems logical, the abolition of the Caliphate marked the end of the status of the traditional elite in its relation with the center. During the War of Independence , kemal Ataturk used Islam and the Caliphate as a symbol for the alliance between Kurds and Turks, against the Christian invader. But the abolition of the Caliphate meant the end of the alliance and the will of the new national center to impose itself in the , until then, autonomous periphery.



Originally posted by Beylerbeyi


There could be a few Kurds under British payroll in Istabul or wherever who may have called for a Kurdish state, but there was no such movement in Kurdistan itself.  


Even if they had some economic support from abroad, does that makes them less nationalistic or less Kurds? Concerning Kurdistan, i agree. Until the 60s there was no Kurdish nationalist movement in Turkish Kurdistan.


Edited by Spartakus - 28-Jan-2009 at 19:19
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  Quote Bulldog Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 28-Jan-2009 at 19:43
Spartukus
That's true. But Ankara used many other, not that flattering, names to refer to Kurds or Kurdish anti-center activities: "Mountain Turks", irtica,traitors etc.


The problem Turkey has in my opinion is that "Turk" is an ethnic term and the citizenship term. In other words everybody in Turkey by law is a Turkish citizen which is needed for equality purposes. Therefore everyone is a Turk by citizenship but not by ethnicity. As citizens Kurds have had access to all state and millitary levels, however, their cultural rights had been supressed for a long time.

Only recently Turkey has started granting these cultural rights as I think that they think the time is right. I think these should have been given earlier but if we look at other examples around the world there is usually a similar process. Countries in their early period work to create a uniform nation state, later on they grant rights.

The most important factors in Turkey pollitically are religion and economy, the Kurdish party can't even win elections in majority Kurdish areas, religous parties have been sweeping other parties aside.
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  Quote Azadi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Dec-2009 at 08:36
Turkish court bans pro-Kurd party

Turkey's Constitutional Court has voted to ban the country's largest pro-Kurdish party because of alleged links with Kurdish separatist rebels.

Turkey's chief prosecutor Abdurrahman Yalcinkaya argued that the Democratic Society Party (DTP) took orders from the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK).

The DTP is the latest in a series of pro-Kurdish parties to have been closed down in Turkey.

The case has been criticised by the EU, which Turkey hopes to join.

The 11 judges in the Constitutional Court ruled that the DTP had become a "focal point of activities against the indivisible unity of the state, the country and the nation", court president Hasim Kilic told reporters.

He said DTP leaders Ahmet Turk and Aysel Tugluk had been stripped of parliamentary immunity and banned from politics for five years along with 35 other party members.

All party assets would be seized by the treasury, Mr Kilic added.

The DTP holds 21 seats in Turkey's 550-member parliament.


Some 40,000 people have died since the outlawed PKK launched an armed campaign in the mainly Kurdish south-east in 1984.

The BBC's Jonathan Head, in Istanbul, says the DTP's ban is another blow to the government's hopes of ending the conflict.

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has tried to push through a package of reforms aimed at winning over the alienated Kurdish community and persuading militants to lay down their weapons.

Reacting to the ban, DTP chairman Mr Turk said it would not help to end the 25-year conflict.

"Turkey cannot resolve this problem by closing down parties," he said.

The court case has already caused unrest in Kurdish areas.

In the city of Hakkari - near the Iran and Iraq borders - Turkish police used water canon to break up a protest by Kurdish rebel supporters on Friday, Anatolia news agency reported.

Kurds make up about 20% of Turkey's population of more than 70 million.

The PKK is listed as a terrorist organisation by Turkey, the EU and the US.
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  Quote Azadi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Dec-2009 at 08:39
First the Kurds wanted an independent country/state, then they wanted a autonomous region within their separate countries, now the only thing they want is basic human rights - BUT EVEN THAT'S NOT ENOUGH ?

The only thing I can do is to laugh LOLLOLLOLLOL
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  Quote Azadi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Dec-2009 at 08:46
Btw, Cyrus, the title of this thread is misleading. A separate Kurdish country is the goal of every Kurd, it's just that some Kurds want their basic rights first ;)
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  Quote Cyrus Shahmiri Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Dec-2009 at 10:44
The problem is that there is no country in the world that strongly support Iranian-speaking peoples, at least like what Turkey does about Turkic peoples, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkuk -> "Turkey has given assurances to the Iraqi Turkmen Front that should Kurds try to annex Kirkuk, or hurt the interests of Iraq's Turkmen it will prevent this by invading Northern Iraq including Kirkuk."
But no one will complain, if Turkey opresses the Kurds or Pakistan does it about Baluchis! 
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  Quote Azadi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Dec-2009 at 13:29
Originally posted by Cyrus Shahmiri

The problem is that there is no country in the world that strongly support Iranian-speaking peoples, at least like what Turkey does about Turkic peoples, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirkuk -> "Turkey has given assurances to the Iraqi Turkmen Front that should Kurds try to annex Kirkuk, or hurt the interests of Iraq's Turkmen it will prevent this by invading Northern Iraq including Kirkuk."
But no one will complain, if Turkey opresses the Kurds or Pakistan does it about Baluchis! 


The only reason the Turkish generals support Iraqi Turkmen Front is because of the oil, not because of the people and their homes. These generals have transferred thousands of thousands of guns and cash to Turkmen groups, not to build up their homes, not to buy their children food and water - but to disrupt the region so that the Iraqi and Kurdish government can't come to a conclusion regarding the Kerkûk issue - article 140, remember ?

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