sources: http://history.smsu.edu/jchuchiak/HST%20350--Theme%206--Azte c_warriors.htm

http://history.smsu.edu/jchuchiak/HST%20350-Outline%208.htm

AZTEC EMPIRE MAPS

http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/map16-az.html

http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/map16-vl.html

http://history.smsu.edu/jchuchiak/Aztec%20Conquests%20Map.gi

http://history.smsu.edu/jchuchiak/aztecempire.jpg

INCA EMPIRE MAP

http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/map16-in.html

AZTEC & INCAN EXPANSION

INDIGENOUS WARFARE AND NEW WORLD CONQUESTS

�War must always continue, so that each time and whenever we wish and our god wishes to eat and feast,

we may go there as one who goes to market to buy something to eat!�

---Tlac�elel [Advisor] to Emperor Motecuhzuma I

�Come, let us eat, come let us drink�Let us eat and drink of the blood and bones of our enemy!�

---Incan War Chant

I. Aztec Expansion & Conquest�Aztec Warfare

II. The Aztec Military & Aztec Warriors

             1). Organization

             2). Officer Corps

                          Otomitl�Commander of Sling-Shot Warriors

                          Tlacatecatl��Leader of Men��Aztec Commander

                          Tlacatecatecuhtli---�War Chief�---Aztec General

             3). Special Forces

                          Aztec Eagle Warriors

                          Aztec Jaguar Warriors

III. Aztec Offensive & Defensive Weapons

             1). Defensive Weapons/Armor

                          Protective Cotton Armor�Ichcahuipilli

                          Protective Shields---Chimalli

             2). Offensive Weapons

                          Missile/Projectile Weapons

                                        Bows�Tlauitolli

                                        Javelins/Spears�Tlacochtli

                                        Spear-Thrower�Atlatl

                          Hand-to-Hand Combat Weapons

                                        Two-Handed Sword/Club�Maquahuitl

                                        Longer Wooden Club---Macana

IV. Ritual Warfare�Differences Between Aztec & European Concepts of War

             1). Tactics

             2). Goals

             3). Outcomes

V. Inca Expansion & Conquest: Inca Army & Warriors

             1). Organization

             2). Officer Corps

                          Chungacamayoc---�Guardian of Ten�

                          Picha Chungacamayoc---�Guardian of Fifty�

                          Hatun Apu---Commander of 5,000

                                                                                                                                                    Inca Warrior

VI. Inca Weapons & Armor

             1). Defensive Weapons/Armor

                          Woolen Tunic/Armor�Onka

                          Large Square & Round Shields

             2). Offensive Weapons

                          Bronze & Copper Axes and Spears

                          Wooden Clubs and Maces tipped with sharp metal

                          Slings

                          Bolas

VII. Battles and Tactics of Inca Warfare

             1). Tactics

             2). Battles

             3). Fortresses and Defense

             4). Inca Conquests

AZTEC ARMY

Otomitl�Commander of Sling-Shot Warriors

Tlacatecatl��Aztec Commander��Leader of Men�

Tlacatecatecuhtli---Aztec General

Aztec Eagle & Jaguar Warriors��Special Forces�

Defensive Weapons

             Ichcahuipilli---�quilted cotton body armor�

             Chimalli---�Shields�

Offensive Weapons

             Tlauitolli---�bows�

             Tlacochtli---�Javelins, spears�

             Atlatl��Spear-Thrower�

             Maquahuitl---�Two-handed sword/club�

             Macana---�Longer wooden club�

The Triple Alliance [Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, Tlacopan�Aztec Confederation]

The Stone of Tizoc [Commemerative monument of Aztec Conquests of Tizoc (1481-1486)]

INCA ARMY

Chungacamayoc��Guardian of Ten men�

Picha Chungacamayoc��Guardian of Fifty�

Hatun Apu---�Commander of 5,000�

Protective Armor

             Onka��heavcy woolen tunic�

Weapons

             Champis��short bronze axe�

             Bola��Sling-like weapon with three stones attached to leather chord�

  Hi Tobodei:

  are you talking about the guy dressed in color green ?

  If so, what you see is an umbrella used as a banner. Just like the japanese banners tied on their backs. Used to show their rank and dignity.

   How does he fights ? With a lot of bravery otherwise he could be captured.

  Regards

The Maquahuitl it was used as sword, mace or axe by the Aztec Warriors. The Blades are made of a volcanic stone named Obsidiana.

Don't be fooled by it's primitive appearence. The Maquahuitl could less efective used agaisnt a man in armour, but could behead a horse with a strong stroke.