-The reason for the Mongols were regarded as invincible-
The Mongols adapted and applied the arms and tactics from the defeated.
Excellent horsemanship and archery (said they could shoot five arrows at once and hit the targets 100%).
Mobility. Many Mongol soldiers carried 3~5 horses both for food and as a ride. They could travel as fast as tanks in the WWII.
Each soldier carried five or more melee weapons with them.
They were always composed of fewer than 100,000 so as to allow flexibility in tactical change. Upon conquering Khwarazmian empire, Genghis Khan led his army himself into confront the main army, while his most trusted generals, Subetai and Jebe conquered other cities in proximity while his son Chagatai invaded from the northwest to make surprising rear attack. Genghis Khan also noted to track down defeated enemy monarchs until they were captured or killed.
Best soldiers were picked during Kuriltai. The resulting army was very well-disciplined. Rewards and gains were main factor for motivation for the soldiers, however, fleeing in the middle of battle was prohibited and killed on sight.
Genghis Khan picked the best generals himself. They were trusted and given right to command and make strategy by themselves - Subetei and Jebe risked into Caucasus and Ukraine as they were tracking down the fleeing monarch of the Khwarazmies. Muhkali was entrusted to conquer Jin while Genghis Khan was away.
Those cities that resisted the most was devastated after surrender or conquest. They sacked cities and massacred inhabitants of those cities to keep resistence from rising up and to instill fear to those others yet to be conquered.
Genghis Khan tried to keep the Mongols away from sedentary life as to keep the traditional warfaring custom from dieing out lest their achievement would be in vain as it happened 120 years later.
-Mongol unification-
Mongol camp gets devasted by Merkits by a surprise attack when Temuchin alone was invited to his ally Tooril Khan's camp.
Mongol under Temuchin tries to avenge the Merrkits in the next few weeks, but gets outnumbered and flees.
Mongol without Temuchin gets defeated by Jamuhka, once his blood brother.
-Muhkali's campaign in Jin China-
Kaifeng shoots shells during the siege by the Mongols. Mongol flees.
Jin's imperial guard under Wan-nan with 5000 men crushes the besieging Mongols in Beizing.
-Geghis Khan's campaign in the West-
Genghis Khan gets ambushed by the elephant-ridden Gohrs in the northern India when tracking the fleeing Khwarazmian monarch. Genghis Khan turns back after sacking the capital Delhi.
-Il Khanate-
Mameluks under Baitur defeats the nominal Mongol army in defence comprised of defeated Turks and Saracens near Damascus.
Timurlane overthrows Il Khanate.
-Wuan (China) under Kublai Khan-
Numerous defeats by the Sungs.
Koreans make initial defence successful against the Mongols.
Naval attack on Japanese shores makes initial success with land troops on move attacking Dajaiu. The supporting force composed of Sung Chinses and Mongol army from southern China, Im-nan gets shipwrecked with what Japanese calls "Kamikaze," the wind of God. The fleets from Korea also gets shipwrecked few days later. Most of the survivors were killed on sight.
Second Japanese invasion meets much worse resistence from Japanese as they were preparing to meet the oncoming Mongols on the shores and another kamikaze devastes the fleets.
Vietnam invasion fails as the Annamese and Khmer force made well use of elephants and fire in the jungle against the horse-ridden Mongols.
Pagan force in Burma successfully resists against the Mongols after their capital gets burnt down.
Ming overthrows Mongol dominance in China.
-Golden Horde (Russian division)-
Polish and German victory in Poland.
Timur the Lame defeats the Golden horde near Caucasus.
Moskivans defeats the Golden horde in a battle.
Tatars sack Golden horde's capital, Sarai.
Moscow overthrows Mongol dominance in Russia.
-Kipchak Khanate-
Timurlane demolishes the Kichak Khanate and wanes it pretty much.
Edited by realceylons