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Alexander the Gay?

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Poll Question: Do you think Alexander the Great was gay?
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  Quote Bulldog Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Alexander the Gay?
    Posted: 18-May-2006 at 09:29

Sorry but the Ancient city states in that area cannot be called "Greek States"

Everyone accepts Alexander the Great was a Macedonian, why would everyone lie yet only Greeks tell the truth? yes that is puzzling Wink

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  Quote Istor the Macedonian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 18-May-2006 at 13:38
Macedonians, as well as southern Greeks were divided in several city states before Philip and after Alexander. Those leaders managed to unify all Greeks for one purpose. To punish Persians for the damages they had made to Greeks.

Those states hated and fought each other brutally and ceaselessly. But every four years, all Greeks, including Macedonians were there, in Olympia, to play those famous games, to read their books and to reacognize each other's Greekness.
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  Quote dorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 18-May-2006 at 18:07
Originally posted by Bulldog

Ancient Greece? such a notion or term never existed.

Alexander the Great was a Macedonian.

1. Ancient Greece didn't exist? Maybe you have never read history. The fact that there was not a united Greek state leads you to this misconception?
 
2. Macedonia from the ancient times till the Balkan and World wars was a region which was inhabited by many tribes but the greek population was always more numerous. Macedonia (and Epirus) was always the northern border of hellenism which in some way kept the southern Greeks safe from the northern threats something that played a major role in the  creation of the classic civilisation.
 


Edited by dorian - 18-May-2006 at 18:09
"We are Macedonians but we are Slav Macedonians.That's who we are!We have no connection to Alexander the Greek and his Macedonia�Our ancestors came here in the 5th and 6th century" Kiro Gligorov FYROM
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  Quote Flipper Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 18-May-2006 at 18:37
Originally posted by Bulldog

Sorry but the Ancient city states in that area cannot be called "Greek States"

Everyone accepts Alexander the Great was a Macedonian, why would everyone lie yet only Greeks tell the truth? yes that is puzzling Wink



Everyone accepts that Leonidas was spartan, Demosthenis Athenian, Minoas Kretan and Aristoteles Macedonian. All those cities where Hellinic city states identified by language and culture not by the name of the state. Macedonian is the name of a Macedonian citizen not his ethnicity. The word derives from Macednon which means tall, so why should these people give themselves a Hellinic name if they were something else? A part of my family is Macedonian from way back and they do not class themselves as another ethnicity than Greek. Now, I really don't get how people in FYROM has anything to do with Macedonia (except from living in a part of it) when they speak bulgarian and can't read a single Macedonian inscription?

Here's some inscriptions from a Macedonian tomb in Pieria



Xenokratis Pierionos is the name of the dead. Xenokratis of Pieria would that mean. In the bottom you can read Deykalos which is the deads claim to be descended of the family of Deukalion. Deykalion was one of the first Kings of Hellas. His son Hellin gave the name to the ethnicity called Hellinic (not Greek like people call Hellens nowadays).

Don't know why Greeks would lie but there's way too much evidence that shows clearly that Macedonians were just another city state with people talking the same language and having the same ethnic consciousness.

Even George Rawlinson the famous English historian that wrote about the history of Phoenicians and traslated Herodotus, says clearly that the Pelasgians were the first to inhabit Macedonia and called themselves Macedni. Why should an history exprert like Rawlinson lie?

In case you don't know who the Pelasgians were...The Pelasgians together with the Cadmeians are the protohellinic tribes. As I mentioned before they were the first to give a name to the Hellinic ethnicity.

And remember that the Dorians came from that area too...How would a Dorian tribe be Greek in Sparta and something else in Macedonia? How come that both the northern Dorians and the Southern Dorians have the Dorian dialect?

So, you may guess that what "Everyone" that you mention confuse ethnicity of the Macedonians whith the Slavomacedonians that arrived in the 7th century A.D.


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  Quote Flipper Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 18-May-2006 at 18:52
Originally posted by Bulldog

Ancient Greece? such a notion or term never existed.



Cause Greece is not the name Hellenes use..

1) We don not call our country Greece, we call it hellas
2) We don not call eachother Greeks but Hellenes
3) Greek means slave, a name given to Hellenes under the Ottoman rule. Hellens are not insulted when someone calls them Greeks but if you look at it in another angle it's like calling an african a negro.

Conclusion: We've been calling ourselves Hellenes for thousands of years. In modern days, depending on our herritage we call ourselves for Minor Asian, Macedonian, Peloponisian, Kretan, Cypriots, Dodekanisioi, Chiotes, Epirotes, Kerkireoi, Eboites and the list goes on...Do you see a pattern in this? Obviously the world don't have a clue about how we classify ourserlves (or how we call ourselves). Athenians and Macedonians still fight each other about sports and dialect. You wouldn't understand that or hear about it if you didn't live here. For outsiders all these are "all greek" to them.


Edited by Flipper - 18-May-2006 at 18:55


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  Quote Bulldog Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-May-2006 at 11:00
Maybe you could answer this
 
 

From the Little Book of BIG Greek Lies

BIG Greek Lie # 2

by Risto Stefov

May 2005

 

In BIG Greek lie # 1 we showed that there were no "Ancient Greeks" since the word "Greek" was not coined until after the Roman conquests, approximately 600 years after the establishment of the City States and approximately 150 years after they were conquered by the Macedonians.
In a similar manner we will show that the Koine language was not exclusively Greek as Greece would have us believe.

The Koine language made its way into Macedonia a little before Philip II's time. Poorly worded and misspelled inscriptions written in Koine were found in the Macedonian capital which indicates that the language was not well understood and was just making its way there.
The roots of the Koine language may have started in one of the more progressive City States, most probably Athens, but by the time it made its way to the Eastern Mediterranean, it had become the language of administration and commerce, common to all Mediterranean nations.

In Macedonia, Koine was strictly the language of the educated and was used by the court administrators and the international merchants.

By the time Koine arrived in Macedonia it was already the "lingua franca" of administration and commerce in the Eastern Mediterranean world.

Koine in those days was like English is today. In Europe for example, counties have their own languages which they use to communicate at home, but internationally they use English to communicate with other countries.

Alexander the Great was the first to take Koine out of the Mediterranean world to Asia, Africa and other worlds he conquered.
The real heroes for Koine's success were Alexander's successors the Antigonids, Selucuseds and the Ptolemies. It is well known that the Ptolemies did not only insist on using Koine but they refused to learn any other language including those of the people they ruled.
Cleopatra VII was the only Macedonian sovereign from the Ptolemaic dynasty who broke the Ptolemaic rule and learned several languages including Egyptian.

The Koine language was so deeply rooted in the old Macedonian empires that even after they were conquered by the Romans it continued to flourish. Koine was spoken by Roman intellectual even in Rome. Almost all ancient literary works were written in Koine

Let's not forget that throughout the Macedonian and Roman periods Koine, in spite of its popularity with the educated and elite, it remained a language of Administration and commerce. Koine was never a language of the common people..............................

 
 
There's 15 more I don't know where to start.
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  Quote dorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-May-2006 at 11:14
Originally posted by Flipper



Cause Greece is not the name Hellenes use..

1) We don not call our country Greece, we call it hellas
2) We don not call eachother Greeks but Hellenes
3) Greek means slave, a name given to Hellenes under the Ottoman rule. Hellens are not insulted when someone calls them Greeks but if you look at it in another angle it's like calling an african a negro.
 
Dude, what are you talking about? "Greek" comes from "Graekos" which is the name of an ancient greek tribe in Epirus. This name was used widely until the 19th century name by the Greeks. What is this about "slaves"?

Originally posted by Flipper

Conclusion: We've been calling ourselves Hellenes for thousands of years. In modern days, depending on our herritage we call ourselves for Minor Asian, Macedonian, Peloponisian, Kretan, Cypriots, Dodekanisioi, Chiotes, Epirotes, Kerkireoi, Eboites and the list goes on...Do you see a pattern in this? Obviously the world don't have a clue about how we classify ourserlves (or how we call ourselves). Athenians and Macedonians still fight each other about sports and dialect. You wouldn't understand that or hear about it if you didn't live here. For outsiders all these are "all greek" to them.
 
That is true and I want to add something. In modern days there is a cruel fight between Macedonians and Athenians (representing southern Greece) about sports and their teams, about their dialects (for Athenians the macedonian dialects sound strange and vice-versa), their way of living etc, things that remind us the ancient fight between athenians and macedonians.


Edited by dorian - 19-May-2006 at 11:18
"We are Macedonians but we are Slav Macedonians.That's who we are!We have no connection to Alexander the Greek and his Macedonia�Our ancestors came here in the 5th and 6th century" Kiro Gligorov FYROM
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  Quote dorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-May-2006 at 11:36
Bulldog,
 
what do you want to prove? That there were not ancient Greeks because they didn't use the name "Greeks" for themselves? They formed the greek nation and they knew that. Read ancient greek historians please!!!! That's enough with these "historians" who have never read anything of the ancient texts.
 
About the koine language,you said that it wasn't exclusively greek...what do you mean? Where is the prooves in the text of...Risto Stefov (one of the advocates of the "modern macedonian nation").
"We are Macedonians but we are Slav Macedonians.That's who we are!We have no connection to Alexander the Greek and his Macedonia�Our ancestors came here in the 5th and 6th century" Kiro Gligorov FYROM
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  Quote Flipper Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-May-2006 at 12:37
Originally posted by Bulldog

Maybe you could answer this
 
 

From the Little Book of BIG Greek Lies

BIG Greek Lie # 2

by Risto Stefov

May 2005

 

In BIG Greek lie # 1 we showed that there were no "Ancient Greeks" since the word "Greek" was not coined until after the Roman conquests, approximately 600 years after the establishment of the City States and approximately 150 years after they were conquered by the Macedonians.
In a similar manner we will show that the Koine language was not exclusively Greek as Greece would have us believe.

The Koine language made its way into Macedonia a little before Philip II's time. Poorly worded and misspelled inscriptions written in Koine were found in the Macedonian capital which indicates that the language was not well understood and was just making its way there.
The roots of the Koine language may have started in one of the more progressive City States, most probably Athens, but by the time it made its way to the Eastern Mediterranean, it had become the language of administration and commerce, common to all Mediterranean nations.

In Macedonia, Koine was strictly the language of the educated and was used by the court administrators and the international merchants.

By the time Koine arrived in Macedonia it was already the "lingua franca" of administration and commerce in the Eastern Mediterranean world.

Koine in those days was like English is today. In Europe for example, counties have their own languages which they use to communicate at home, but internationally they use English to communicate with other countries.

Alexander the Great was the first to take Koine out of the Mediterranean world to Asia, Africa and other worlds he conquered.
The real heroes for Koine's success were Alexander's successors the Antigonids, Selucuseds and the Ptolemies. It is well known that the Ptolemies did not only insist on using Koine but they refused to learn any other language including those of the people they ruled.
Cleopatra VII was the only Macedonian sovereign from the Ptolemaic dynasty who broke the Ptolemaic rule and learned several languages including Egyptian.

The Koine language was so deeply rooted in the old Macedonian empires that even after they were conquered by the Romans it continued to flourish. Koine was spoken by Roman intellectual even in Rome. Almost all ancient literary works were written in Koine

Let's not forget that throughout the Macedonian and Roman periods Koine, in spite of its popularity with the educated and elite, it remained a language of Administration and commerce. Koine was never a language of the common people..............................

 
 
There's 15 more I don't know where to start.


Ok, as Dorian said you post your own nationalist historian as proof? Are you kidding us? Do you try to say that he's a more reliable source compared to Rawlinson and J. G. Droysen? If I post information from a Greek scientology site would anyone here take my post as a serious post? Can you please post evidence widely accepted by the international history forum?

But since I now understand your origin you come from a country where they teach you that Greeks were black. Do I need to say anything more?

People take a look on this link and make conclusion about the country that claims to be the real Macedonians: http://macedoniancivilization.blog.com.mk/node/1301

It's hilarious...


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  Quote Istor the Macedonian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-May-2006 at 13:39
Bulldog,

Risto is the worst source about Greeks including Macedonians:

http://www.network54.com/Forum/407998/message/1115756638

Edited by Istor the Macedonian - 19-May-2006 at 13:43
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  Quote Guests Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-May-2006 at 13:52

Looks to me someone tries to build up an avowedly poor tasted case and starts flame wars with greeks. I suggest you mates not to fall so easily into but contact the moderation body to take some action.

@Bulldog your link turns out to be a petty nationalistic source with no credibilidity.  I can’t seem to get over the notion that your persistence to build up a paradoxical case has a well hiden agenda inside. I thought anyhow the topic spoke of Alexander's sexuality and not the imaginary theories of the city states origins.
 
 
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  Quote akritas Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-May-2006 at 14:20
You are correct Malfuri. Risto Stefov or Aristo Stefou is one from the biggest nationalistic Slavmacedonians. I have already answer for the lie #2 that you can read in this thread
 
One quote from my article is
 
As I said Mr Stefov the Grammar, Syntaxis, 75% of the modern Greek vocabulary use the ancient Greek language . Of course you forget to say that thinks in your article.
And Last your given Mr Stefov table with the Greek words is not accurate. And you speaking and read it the Hellenic language very well

We say alogo but also ippodromia (horse racing),
we say kota but also ornithotrofio(chicken farm),
we say gaidaros but also peri onou skias (proverb, = for a donkeys shadow = for unimportant things),
we say psomi but we say artopoieio or artopoleio (=bakery).
We say aiga > aigidion > gida. (Aigai, first known capital of
Macedonia, is named after this word.)
The words katsiki and gaidaros have foreign origins. Probably turkish
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  Quote Digenis Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 20-May-2006 at 10:11
Originally posted by Bulldog

Maybe you could answer this
 
 

From the Little Book of BIG Greek Lies

BIG Greek Lie # 2

by Risto Stefov

May 2005



Well..i am a bit tired of all this..and a bit disapointed of myself that i cannot just ignore such funny things-i hope in a while i ll be able to remain silent Smile
Mr Risto StefOV...ok we need some Mr Zlatko or Mr.Stoiko --OV to teach history in here...
Plz present some serious and reliable historians-This guy obviously has nothing to do with history at all.
He is obviously confused.


In BIG Greek lie # 1 we showed that there were no "Ancient Greeks" since the word "Greek" was not coined until after the Roman conquests, approximately 600 years after the establishment of the City States and approximately 150 years after they were conquered by the Macedonians.

If he could speak and read in Greek(Attic dialect,Koine,Modern) he would be able to see that the Greeks were using "Hellen" to identify themselves at that era.

Aristotle mantions that the name" Graikoi "is older than "Hellenes".


In a similar manner we will show that the Koine language was not exclusively Greek as Greece would have us believe.


Koine was a form of Greek language-probably the guy here is confused:he will try to prove that koine was not used only by Greeks.(but who says the opposite ?Big smile


The Koine language made its way into Macedonia a little before Philip II's time.

IGNORANCE.
Koine was formed in the Hellenistic era (after Alexanders death 323 BC)
It was -mainly- a simplified Attic dialect spoken by the common people.The scholars of Alexandreia formed the rules of it.

Mr Risto doesnt know that it was the Attic Dialect that was introduced in Macedonian Government ,by Alexander I (1st half of 5th century BC)-more than one 150 years before Phillip II 's era.

Poorly worded and misspelled inscriptions written in Koine were found in the Macedonian capital which indicates that the language was not well understood and was just making its way there.


There were found inscriptions ONLY in Greek.
In Attic and (after 3nd cent BC)Koene.
And few inMacedonian Dialect-The Greek Dialect of the people there.
A curse text was found in Pella-its a greek language,very close to aeolian dialect.
But in any case the Macedonians (as All Greeks) adopted the evolution of Attic-the Koeni sooner or later.So in 600 AD ,when the first Slav settlers started to appear (1100 years after the adoption of Attic,900 years after the development of Greek Koeni),
these people were speaking the same Greek language with All the other Greeks.



Koine was never a language of the common people..............................


Well thats the funniest of all .In fact Koine was 100% the common people's language.
It was a simplified form of Attic dialect,as i mentioned,with some elements of other dialects.
The scholars prefered the ancient Attic.
Koine is the language in which the 4 gospels are written-a language almost similar to modern Greek,since modern is the evolution of it!!

So,the native Greeks of Macedonia-as 3 of my grandparents whereSmile-
were still speaking Koini for the last 2.300 years ,my friend.

Good Night.

-to the Point:
Who the ---- cares,about with whom was Alexander ----- in his ----- bed!!?
 
 



Edited by Digenis - 20-May-2006 at 10:13
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  Quote Guests Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 24-May-2006 at 18:07

Edited by Komnenos for its extreme homophobic content.

AE's code of conduct ;
 
7. Derogatory remarks to individual members or social groups on grounds of their age, gender, religion or sexual orientation
 
 


Edited by Komnenos - 24-May-2006 at 18:59
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  Quote akritas Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 06-Jun-2006 at 14:20

Πλούταρχος, "Περί Αλεξάνδρου Τύχης ή Αρετής", Αρετής Λόγος Α' 12:

Plutarch, Alexander's Merits,Speech A,12

"Αλέξανδρος δε, Φιλοξένου του της παραλίας υπάρχου γράψαντος, ότι παίς εν Ιωνία γέγονεν οίος ουκ άλλος ώραν και είδος, και πυνθανομένου δια των γραμμάτων ει αναπέμψη, πικρώς αντέγραψεν ω κάκιστ' ανθρώπων, τι μοι πώποτε τοιούτο συνέγνως, ίνα τοιαύταις με κολακεύσης ηδοναίς;"

 

[Alexandros, when Filoxenos wrote to him, the consul (governor) of the coast(beach), that it exists in Ionia a young person (pajs)  where, similar in his beauty  never born before, and asked to was informed with letter, if wanted to send to him, Alexandros wrote answering strictly  (bitterly): " Villain  from  all the persons,  you learned that I have been mixed never with such thinks,  in order to adulate me  with such type vicarious pleasures ?].

 

These quote is the only written source by ancient writer  for  the supposing Homosexuality. All the others are arbitrary  interpretations



Edited by akritas - 06-Jun-2006 at 14:22
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  Quote Polish Rob Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 27-Jun-2006 at 08:32
Alexanders time period was Hellenistic Greek. Its still in the realm of ancient history, so it can be referred to as Ancient Greek.

Greek's believed in love, and their boundaries did not scope the realm of which sex you were. Spartan soldiers were known to have relationships amongst each other to make them stronger warriors. Older Greek males were encouraged to have relationships with younger males.

If you want to take the route of bisexuality, you have to realize most males in Greek culture were bisexual.
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  Quote apro282 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Jul-2006 at 19:34
Originally posted by Aegipan

but the relationship of Alexander with Bagoas is a fact.
 
That actually is totally false and not proven. Aristotles dictum still stands: He who asserts must also prove. When you make a claim, the burden of proof is on you to demonstrate that claim is to the fullest as being correct/right/true and this suppose claim has never been proven. Fox remarks on the subject: "Later gossip presumed that Bagoas was Alexanders lover. This is uncertain."[xi]  Even the lesbian writer Mary Renault, the patron saint of all those who seek to prove Alexanders bisexuality, clearly acknowledges, "No historian states plainly whether they were physical lovers."[xii]  Like she didn't have a personal agenda when she wrote her fictional work about Alexander being gay/bi/or whatever. Ermm
The only one to suggested anything of the sort was Quintus Curtius Rufus, the only Roman historian who's works survived about Alexander and writes from the 1st century AD, but his source of information is considered "bad" by many legit historians given that his "source" was Cleitarchus, which contains many serious errors in itself. Curtius work shows ignorance of geography, chronology and technical military knowledge, he focuses mostly on Alexander's supposed "psychosis" that when further scrutinized one can see how very flawed in errors even that part in Curtius work is ...which is why he as a "source" is considered "bad".  Alexander's relationship towards Bagoas being anything "romantic" is not historical fact but based on Curtius' "bad" material. Curtius is also the only person to describe Bagoas as "eromenos" (beloved) towards Alexander, a term used for a younger male lover. From Curtius' work later writers such as the 20th century writer Mary Renault, who by the way was a lesbian writer and not even trained in classicist, took that faulty info and put her own spin to them to create such "classics" as "The Persian Boy", who some idiots out there, this is not directed to you btw, call her fictional works as "historical".
Plus lets not forget that Alexander was influenced a lot by his teacher, Aristotle, and anyone who has read Aristotle's ideas on same sex love will know that he believed such acts were deformed conditions brought about either by natural disorder or by habit. Aristotle's rants against such acts would more then likely be considered hate speech today. I also would like for someone to answer me: in a culture that was supposedly so openly gay/bisexual/pedestric why is it that so little literature has been found on such activities, suggesting that such practices were not as widely accepted as some modern "scholars" would like us to think.
 
The "probably bisexual" is interesting and reflects what is often the case in a society based on assumptions fed by a popular culture that thrives on innuendo and does not research the actual sources and facts for him/herself but depends on sixth sources to feed him/her the info....and yes I am talking about modern society here.
 
Oh and to the guy who is trying to steal Greek history again: you've got no case, give it up.  Alexander, Macedonia and Macedonians have always been Hellenes. Tongue
 
That said, I'd like to say that I've been reading the forums for a while now and quite enjoyed them. Guess this will be my first post on here. Hope I can contribute some interesting material as the material I have been reading on here so far. Smile
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  Quote bg_turk Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Jul-2006 at 20:17
welcome apro282
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  Quote Semis of Arierep Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Jul-2006 at 17:40
I bet that Alexander liked from both...the chronicals say that and in ancient greece and ancient civilizations this is a thing well accepted and a thibg that show the status of the persons
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  Quote Perseas Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-Jul-2006 at 06:17
Originally posted by Bulldog

It's likely that he was Homosexual and his children are the result of him wanting to carry on the lineage.

 
It is likely that you have never read any ancient source about Alexander therefore its not suprising your assertions are that ignorant.
 
 
As he afterwards contemplated the wealth and display of Darius, he was seized with admiration of such magnificence.  Hence it was that he first began to indulge in luxurious and splendid banquets, and fell in love with his captive Barsine for her beauty, by whom he had afterwards a son that he called Hercules.[
[Justin  9.10]
 
 
At any rate Alexander, so it seems, thought it more worthy of a king to subdue his own passions than to conquer his enemies, and so he never came near these women, nor did he associate with any other before his marriage, with the exception only of Barsine.  This woman, the widow of Memnon, the Greek mercenary commander, was captured at Damascus.  She had received a Greek education, was of a gentle disposition, and could claim royal descent, since her father was Artabazus who had married one of the Persian kings daughters.  These qualities made Alexander the more willing he was encouraged by Parmenio, so Aristobulus tells us to form an attachment to a woman of such beauty and noble lineage. 
 
[Plutarch, Alexander]
He also held weddings at Susa for himself and for the Companions; he himself married Darius eldest daughter Barsine, and, as Aristobulus says, another wife as well, Parysatis, the youngest daughter of Ochus. He had already taken to wife Roxane, the daughter of Oxyartes the Bactrian. To Hephaestion he gave Drypetis, another daughter of Darius, sister to his own wife (for he desired Hephaestions children to be cousins of his own); to Craterus, Amastrine daughter of Oxyatres, Darius brother; to Perdiccas,  a daughter of Atropates, satrap of Media; to Ptolemy the bodyguard and Eumenes the royal secretary, the daughters of Artabazus, Artacama and Artonis respectively ; to Nearchus the daughter of Barsine and Mentor; to Seleucus the daughter of Spitamenes the Bactrian, and similarly to the other Companions the noblest daughters of Persians and Medes, numbering about eighty.
 
[Arrian 8.4.4- 8.4.8]
 
Note here we arent talking the Barsine, widow of Memnon. But Barsine, elsewhere found as Stateira.

For Alexander's first mistress in Asia, by whom he had his son Hercules, was Barsine the daughter of Artabazus; and in the distribution of the Persian ladies amongst his captains, Alexander gave Apame, one of his sisters, to Ptolemy, and another, also called Barsine, to Eumenes.
 
[Plutarch, Eumenes]
 
Soon after, Alexander assumed the attire of the Persian monarchs, as well as the diadem, which was unknown to the kings of Macedonia, as if he gave himself up to the customs of those whom be had conquered. And lest such innovations should be viewed with dislike, if adopted by himself alone, he desired his friends also to wear the long robe of gold and purple. That he might imitate the luxury too, as well as the dress of the Persians, he spent his nights among troops of the kings concubines of eminent beauty and birth. To these extravagances he added vast magnificence in feasting; and lest his entertainments should seem jejune and parsimonious, he accompanied his banquets, according to the ostentation of the eastern monarchs, with games; being utterly unmindful that power is accustomed to be lost, not gained, by such practices.
 
[Justin, Book 12, part 3]
 
Then he put on the Persian diadem and dressed himself in the white robe and the Persian sash and everything else except the trousers and the long-sleeved upper garment.  He distributed to his companions cloaks with purple borders and dressed the horses in Persian harness. In addition to all this, he added concubines to his retinue in the manner of Dareius, in number not less than the days of the year and outstanding in beauty as selected from all the women of Asia.  [SIZE="3"]Each night these paraded about the couch of the king so that he might select the one with whom he would lie that night. Alexander, as a matter of fact, employed these customs rather sparingly and kept for the most part to his accustomed routine, not wishing to offend the Macedonians
[Diodorus Sic. XVII.77.5]
 
Pausanias was in love with his wife, Apelles with Alexanders mistress, she was called Pancaste and came from Larisa.  She is said to have been the first woman Alexander slept with
[Aelian - Varia Historia, 12.34>
And yet Alexander conferred honour on him [Apelles] in a most conspicuous instance; he had such an admiration for the beauty of his favourite mistress named Pancaspe, , that he gave orders that she should be painted in the nude by Apelles, and then discovering that the artist while executing the commission had fallen in love with the woman, he presented her to him, great-minded as he was and still greater owing to his control of himself, and of a greatness proved by this action as much as by any other victory: because he conquered himself, and presented not only his bedmate but his affection also to the artist, and was not even influenced by regard for the feelings of his favourite in having been recently the mistress of a monarch and now belonged to a painter.
 
[Pliny, The Natural History]

A mathematician is a person who thinks that if there are supposed to be three people in a room, but five come out, then two more must enter the room in order for it to be empty.
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