Notice: This is the official website of the All Empires History Community (Reg. 10 Feb 2002)

  FAQ FAQ  Forum Search   Register Register  Login Login

The Golden Age of Kulin

 Post Reply Post Reply
Author
Mila View Drop Down
Tsar
Tsar
Avatar
Retired AE Moderator

Joined: 17-Sep-2005
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 4030
  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: The Golden Age of Kulin
    Posted: 26-Dec-2005 at 19:16
KING KULIN and the golden age
O F  B O S N I A  A N D  H E R Z E G O V I N A

In the year 925, King Tomislav of Croatia unified Pannonia and Dalmatia to form the nation state of Croatia, a Roman Catholic territory.

Centuries later, in 1102, Croatia's King Petar Svacic died and the country fell under the patronage of Hungary. At this time, several regions that were a part of or were associated with Croatia took a separate path.

Vrhbosna, Usora, Soli, Donji Kraji, and Rama were incorporated under the name Bosnia in the year 1180 - these regions are equivalent to the modern day territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The country was ruled by King Kulin, a strict adherent of the indigenous Bosnian Church. He was so devoted to this belief system that the Prince of Zeta, Duklja Vukan Nemanjic, reported him to the Pope for heresy.

Swift and brutal reprisals were launched by the forces of Roman Catholicism in Croatia and of Eastern Orthodoxy in Serbia. Three years after it was created, Bosnia successfully attacked the Byzantine Empire and afford itself the longest stretch of peace and prosperity it has ever known.

In 1189, the Charter of Kulin was signed. It was intended to be a free-trade agreement with the Roman Catholic city-state, Dubrovnik - but today it is recognized more as a declaration of Bosnian statehood. The document defined Bosnia's borders and detailed its political organization.



The reign of Kulin is remembered as the Golden Age of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Bosnian Church grew to become a powerful force that successfully stood against the forces of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. As Bogumilism in Bulgaria was wiped out by the Byzantine Empire, Bogumilism in Bosnia and Herzegovina thrived until the Ottoman conquest of this region.

Skeletal remains have shown Bosnians in this period were among the healthiest people in Europe. Bones have demonstrated the population was well-nourished, free from disease, and lived relatively long lives when compared to other regions of the Balkans and Europe.

The Bogumil rulers continued to reign over Bosnia and Herzegovina following Kulin's death in the year 1204. In 1353, Stejpan Tvrtko became the King of Bosnia and Herzegovina at the age of 15 when his uncle, Stejpan Kotromanic, died fighting a territorial war with Stejpan Dusan of Serbia.

Bosnia and Herzegovina became the most powerful state in the region during his rule, growing to encompass the islands of Korcula and Hvar. When he finally conquered the monastery of Saint Sava, he declared himself the King of Bosnia, and of the Serbs, and of the Croats. While he did exercise control in the areas of Croatia under his rule, he wisely never tried to exercise this authority in Serbia.

The centuries came and went. The Bosnian Church fell to Islam and the modern state of Bosnia and Herzegovina developed into the country we see today.

But it all started with one man, one King. Our first King.

King Kulin.
[IMG]http://img272.imageshack.us/img272/9259/1xw2.jpg">
Back to Top
ill_teknique View Drop Down
Colonel
Colonel
Avatar

Joined: 28-Jun-2005
Location: United States
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 636
  Quote ill_teknique Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 27-Dec-2005 at 01:07
thnx for the topics

good as usuall
Back to Top
Surbel View Drop Down
Shogun
Shogun
Avatar

Joined: 31-Dec-2005
Location: Nepal
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 235
  Quote Surbel Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:06
Beautiful topic,but far away from the true. On the same stone wich you present he start with: In the name of father,son and the holly ghost. The same year(1188) POPE send a letter to Dubrovnik where he mensioned Bosnia "regnum Servilie, quod est Bosna"! That was a period of Ban Kulin!
When your heart is empty,your
mind is worth nothing.
anonimus
Back to Top
Surbel View Drop Down
Shogun
Shogun
Avatar

Joined: 31-Dec-2005
Location: Nepal
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 235
  Quote Surbel Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:09
Bosnian rulers called themselves Serbs, as they called Serbs their own subjects.

Tvrtko Kotromanic was crowned as 'the King of SERBS, Bosnia, the Seacoast and Western Parts" on the grave of St. Sava in the Mileseva. In order to emphasize the relationship of the Nemanjic (Serb in Rascia, the first Serbian state within the borders of modern Serbia) and Kotromanic (Bosnian Serb) dynasties , Tvrtko puts before his own name, the title Stefan, which indicates that he is crowned. In this letter the name Stefan is mentioned often (see for example the last word in the first sentence), just as it is also emphasized in the letter the concept of "Serbian land" or "Serbs" (Srbljem) as one ethnic categorization. For example, in the fifth line, Tvrtko clearly indicates the roots of his 'parents of Serb nobility". Also, at the end of the letter, on the right side in big letters there is emphasized the title "King of the Serbs.

For a source, see the letters of the medieval rulers which are microfilmed in their original and are kept in the Dubrovnik archives. Also see the letters of the Bosnian ban (viceroy) Ninoslav.

The letters of the Bosnian nobles of the Kotromanic dynasty in which we clearly see how they felt their ethnicity to be
Serbian
When your heart is empty,your
mind is worth nothing.
anonimus
Back to Top
Mila View Drop Down
Tsar
Tsar
Avatar
Retired AE Moderator

Joined: 17-Sep-2005
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 4030
  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:13
I'm not even going to bother. Yes, we're all Serbs. So please, come kill us and repopulate our land with new Serbs. That's the purpose of all this, is it not?

Anyhow, I'm going to Orthodox Church now. Adios.
[IMG]http://img272.imageshack.us/img272/9259/1xw2.jpg">
Back to Top
Surbel View Drop Down
Shogun
Shogun
Avatar

Joined: 31-Dec-2005
Location: Nepal
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 235
  Quote Surbel Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:19
You act like a child. You cannot interprete history for your own purpose. Adios chica,yo tambien no tengo tiempo para ninos.
When your heart is empty,your
mind is worth nothing.
anonimus
Back to Top
Mila View Drop Down
Tsar
Tsar
Avatar
Retired AE Moderator

Joined: 17-Sep-2005
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 4030
  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:25
As an aside, though...

Nationality was rarely referenced in these letters written by Bosnian nobility and aristocracy. When it was referenced, Croatian and Serbian were referenced roughly equally and only once each in the sense of nationality (all other references were to language). For example, the same Stejpan Kotromanic you say claimed he was Serbian also told the Pope he spoke Croatian. But both are overshadowed by "Dalmatian" and "Slavic", which were the most common terms used to reference nationality - especially in legal or otherwise official texts.

"One can tally ethnic traits of medieval Bosnian rulers and find either Croat or Serb characteristics in the list. However, such simplistic approach is dated and discarded: there is no sign that population of pre-Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina, whichever social stratum, had developed Croatian or Serbian ethnic consciousness even in a medieval sense of the word."
- Franz Miklosic, Monumenta Srbica
[IMG]http://img272.imageshack.us/img272/9259/1xw2.jpg">
Back to Top
Mila View Drop Down
Tsar
Tsar
Avatar
Retired AE Moderator

Joined: 17-Sep-2005
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 4030
  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:27
Originally posted by Surbel

You act like a child. You cannot interprete history for your own purpose.


Practice what you preach.

By the way, the Dubrovnik Archives has no such letters from Tvrtko Kotromanic. Phone them yourself: 321-032.
[IMG]http://img272.imageshack.us/img272/9259/1xw2.jpg">
Back to Top
Surbel View Drop Down
Shogun
Shogun
Avatar

Joined: 31-Dec-2005
Location: Nepal
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 235
  Quote Surbel Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:29
Western sources and literature

On the Administration of the Empire (De Administrando Imperio), 10-th century
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus aka: CONSTANTINE VII FLAVIUS PORPHYROGENITUS (b. September 905, Constantinople [now Istanbul, Turkey]. Nov. 9, 959), the Byzantine emperor from 913 to 959.

His writings are an immense source regarding the empire and neighboring lands. His work "De Administrando Imperio" is kept in its original manuscript in the Vatican library. It deals primarily with the Slavic peoples of the Balkans and its a huge account of geographical and cultural as well as political situation of the Balkans at the time. Porphyrogenitus does not only discuss the events of his lifetime, but of earlier periods such as that of Heraclius (610-641) and earlier.

Heading 32 of De Administrando Imperio of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, is called "On the Serbs and the lands in which they live". It speaks of the territories inhabited by Serbs in which he mentions Bosnia, specifically two inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, both of which are in an unidentified geographic position.

I have even more information if you want to learn.
When your heart is empty,your
mind is worth nothing.
anonimus
Back to Top
Surbel View Drop Down
Shogun
Shogun
Avatar

Joined: 31-Dec-2005
Location: Nepal
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 235
  Quote Surbel Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:31
The annals of the Frankish chronologist Einhard, 9-th century
A source older than that of the is that of the Frankish chronicler Einhard . In his annals (Royal Frankish Annals), so precious to Serb history, he describes the uprising of the Pannonian prince Ljudevit (818-823). In his work, he claims that Ljudevit "withdrew from the city of Sisak and fled to the Serbs". Accordingly, Serbs must have lived somewhere around Una, maybe even to the west, likely where the modern Serbian Krajina (region of Lika) lies.

"Liudevitus Siscia civitate relicta, ad Sorabos, quae natio magnam Dalmatie partem obtinere dicitur, fugiendo se contulit"
, that is: "Ljudevit (prince of Lower Pannonia 822. - prim. CafeHome) having left the city of Sisak, fled to the Serbs, people inhabiting the greater part of Dalmatia).
Franjo Racki, the Croatian historian, says, that as the Roman province of Dalmatia stretched from the Adriatic to Pannonia, under those Serbs, who are mentioned by Einhard, we must look at all those lands between, and the people inhabiting them, ie: Bosnia to be considered Serbian land, inhabited by Serbs.
When your heart is empty,your
mind is worth nothing.
anonimus
Back to Top
Mila View Drop Down
Tsar
Tsar
Avatar
Retired AE Moderator

Joined: 17-Sep-2005
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 4030
  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:31
That's alright. You can tackle your initial claims first. Should keep you busy for... well, forever.

EDIT: Anyone who would believe the Serbian perspective of Croatian and Bosnian history certainly already does and would never change their mind, mainly for religious reasons. There being no purpose for this debate with no possible settlement, I refuse to have it.

Anyone who would like to know more information about medieval Bosnia and Herzegovina, research it yourself - and try to expand your sources beyond .yu and .gr websites.

Edited by Mila
[IMG]http://img272.imageshack.us/img272/9259/1xw2.jpg">
Back to Top
Surbel View Drop Down
Shogun
Shogun
Avatar

Joined: 31-Dec-2005
Location: Nepal
Online Status: Offline
Posts: 235
  Quote Surbel Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 31-Dec-2005 at 14:37
Population of Bosnia and Herzegovina

According to the census of 22 April 1895, Bosnia has 1,361,868 inhabitants and Herzegovina 229,168, giving a total population of 1,591,036. The number of persons to the square mile is small (about 80), less than that in any of the other Austrian crown provinces excepting Salzburg (about 70). This average does not vary much in the six districts (five in Bosnia, one in Herzegovina). The number of persons to the square mile in these districts is as follows: Doljna Tuzla, 106; Banjaluka, 96; Bihac, 91; Serajevo, 73, Mostar (Herzegovina), 65, Travnik, 62. There are 5,388 settlements, of which only 11 have more than 5,000 inhabitants, while 4,689 contain less 500 persons. Excluding some 30,000 Albanians living in the south-east, the Jews who emigrated in earlier times from Spain, a few Osmanli Turks, the merchants, officials. and Austrian troops, the rest of the population (about 98 per cent) belong to the southern Slavonic people, the Serbs. Although one in race, the people form in religious beliefs three sharply separated divisions: the Mohammedans, about 550,000 persons (35 per cent), Greek Schismatics, about 674,000 persons (43 per cent), and Catholics, about 334,000 persons (21.3 per cent). The last mentioned are chiefly peasants. The Mohammedans form the mass of the population in the region called the Krajina in the north-west, in the district of Serajevo and in the south-eastern part of the territory; the Greek Schismatics preponderate in the district of Banjaluka. The Catholics of the Latin Rite exceed the other two denominations only in the district of Travnik and in northern Herzegovina. There are in addition 8,000 Jews and 4,000 Protestants. Divided according to occupation 85 per cent of the population are farmers or wine-cultivators (1,385,291). There are 5,833 large estates, the owners of which are chiefly Mohammedans, 88,970 cultivators of land not their own (kmeten), 88,867 free peasants who own the land they till, and 22,625 peasants who own farming-land and also cultivate the land of others. The population of the towns is small.

Source:http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02694a.htm

P.s. I like you when you are nervose

When your heart is empty,your
mind is worth nothing.
anonimus
Back to Top
 Post Reply Post Reply

Forum Jump Forum Permissions View Drop Down

Bulletin Board Software by Web Wiz Forums® version 9.56a [Free Express Edition]
Copyright ©2001-2009 Web Wiz

This page was generated in 0.094 seconds.