Europe and asia

"You mean, "simplified".  And like 85% of your article is composed of simplified version." What are you talking about? You are not making sense. Both Big 2 and GB are codes. Both of them can turn the characters into both simplified and traditional Chinese. Another nonsense

Damn, I know its that NJ translating machine you are referring to (note that not many people have it anyway).  The real nonsense is that nobody except you chinese people can read those articles.  So it's you who's talking gibberish- and making no sense.  Please translate you post in the standard language (Hint: English) before posting one of these.  Thanx.

what do u mean standard language?

it's different in every country.

for us, it's chinese.

it's too long to translate man

I can translate it after Dec 21 when my finals are over.

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So the Europeans underestimated the mongols. Really badly. Horribly, really.

Number accounts are unreliable though. Many Europeans recorded their numbers as much greater as they thought because

1) They were very very mobile and organised, beyond anything they had ever experienced. So they assumed "Hmmm, another horde must have been hiding here!

2) They were embarassed. Everyone makes excuses for losing.

"Storm From the East" is a good book to read about Mongols with a good focus on the European Theatre.

Really, the Europeans thought the mongols were better than them.

You don't get called "Hammer of God" by the Pope for nothing.

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This summarizes it right. Most embarrassing is that Mongols did not have to try very hard. Liegnitz was just diversion from Mongol point of view, Hungarian Mongol campaign made European strategy at Liegnitz look like rocket science.
What is fun, after these battles, Europe has no army according to the letter of one of observers to the French king.





Edited by cavalry4ever

About Mongol Invasion of Europe, 1241:

http://historymedren.about.com/library/prm/bl1mongolinvasion .htm

Europeans defeated to many steppe armies in medieval times: Charlemagne vs Avars, germans vs magyars and crusaders vs turks. About Crusades: europeans suffer very few defeats against turks (1101 and perhaps small battles in Holy Land), but europeans won all the battles of the First Crusades and then resist for 100 years with a ridiculous number of men, across several wars and battles agaist enemies many more numerous. Only when muslim had well equiped armies could win. Oh you forget the Third Crusade: Frederick crushed to turks in Anatolia, english and french took Acre and then Richard won a great battle in Arsuf. Yes, the II, V, VII and VIII were disastrous; but not the crusade of 1212 in Spain. More, when Pope say "Crusade" any christian could fight against other christian that was going to crusade.

About fortress: ummm, russians had wood fortress, muslims copied the fortress from the christians, only chinese could make best fortress. Hungary and Poland don't had many fortress, but all the cities of western Europe had walls and citadels, when mongols attacked look at Breslau. Colonia, Mil�n had fortress very powerful, for example. And the country had many casttles since Austria to Normandy.

About siege weapons: mongols come to Europe with a few siege weapons, but for took a city like Paris they need many more and Infantry, for close combat. Where was that infantry?. In China, they used chinese from North, because Song China don't help to Jin empire and then Mongols had a near infantrymen base; in Middle East, the muslims was not united, when mongols attack X place, the muslims of other X place don't help their.

In Europe, the mongols couldn't had a large number of infantrymen, from where? If europeans see that mongols want established into catholic Hungary, for example, surelly they will attack to mongols (example, Spain). We must think that Batu perhaps leaved Hungary by logistical difficults.

 

Holy Roman Empire was in crisis at 1241, because their emperor was excomulgated. But, like Liegnitz many lords could be allied and if Pope say "against Mongols" he could give to Emperor all his powers; french and italian will go to Germany. You must remember that then Liegnitz and Mohi, Germans was prepariying against mongols.

It is a what if, of course. What do history say us? That mongols defeated to hungarians and a weak army from Germany, and then, never ever try again. They try again: in China, Egypt, Burma, Japan, China, Annam, Cambodia... not Europe. That is a fact.

 

any more

 

Edited by Ikki

A very very interesting link to a page about Medieval Warfare:

http://www.deremilitari.org/

Especially here:

http://www.deremilitari.org/resources.htm