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Polish secret services during WW2

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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Polish secret services during WW2
    Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 08:07
Few people today realise that before and during WW2 Poland had one of the best in the world Secret Services, comparable with the British and much better than American and that its actions covered all the Europe and even the rest of the world.
After the war Polish Intelligence Services in Great Britain destroyed most of the informations they had and all the files of its secret agents in Europe and in the world, to not allow British Services to get them. However British services managed to get control over part of the Polish files but they are still kept in British archives as "top secret".

From:
http:// www.iwp.edu/news_publications/detail/englands-poles-in-the-game-wwii-intelligence-cooperation  

"According to the records of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, “between 3 September 1939 and 8 May 1945, the total was 45,770 [intelligence] reports – 22,047 of which were received from Polish sources” (p. 560). In fact, the Poles supplied more “than 80,000 reports” to the Brits (p. 17). At the conclusion of the war, Commander Wilfred Dunderdale, the Prime Minister’s liaison with the intelligence community, stated that “the Polish agents have worked unceasingly and well in Europe during the last five years, and that they have provide, often at great danger to themselves and to their relatives, a vast amount of material of all kinds on a wide range of subjects. The Polish IS [intelligence service] has made an invaluable contribution to the planning and the successful execution of the invasion of France, and to the ultimate victory of the Allied forces in Europe” (p. 560)

The Brits were in a unique position to know. The Poles resolved to share their secrets and assets with the British from the outset. Although the Polish intelligence remained subordinated to the Polish constitutional authorities, its operations, infrastructure, and finances were to a certain extent intertwined with the British secret services. This was especially true at the spy center in Great Britain, where the hosts controlled virtually all incoming and outgoing radio and courier communications of the Poles.

Geographically, the intelligence activities of Poland literarily spanned the globe. The Polish net covered all of Europe, including Nazi-controlled territories, German satellite nations, neutral countries, and the Third Reich itself; north Africa, both free and Axis-dominated; Asia, including Japanese-occupied territory in China; Latin America; and North America.

[...]

The exception to the mono-cultural rule was the Polish intelligence set-up in France, where, by mid-1944, the majority of agents were French nationals. However, even there the iron Polish rule applied: no mercenaries. All operatives were highly motivated individuals who carried out their activities for idealistic reasons. They loved freedom. They hated Nazism and Communism. Most did not draw any salaries. Scarce funds provided to the network by the Polish Government-in-Exile (and by the British and Americans) barely covered the operational costs. But the price most commonly paid by the agents was blood. The losses among the assets were enormous. In a single case, in 1942, 500 operatives were arrested and executed after the Gestapo destroyed a Polish underground net which had conducted espionage and sabotage deep inside the Reich (including bombing attacks on the Berlin railway network). But the Poles kept fighting because their ultimate reward was to be a free Poland.

Aside from idealism, perhaps the most salient characteristics of the Polish operations were their sheer pragmatism, audacity, and forethought. The Poles not only diligently spied on Nazi Germany and its confederates, but also vigilantly kept a watchful eye on the Soviet Union. For example, Poland’s secret operatives in the United States tracked down Nazi and Communist sympathizers in the so-called ethnic communities, Slavs and others from Eastern Europe. Further, the Polish intelligence took advantage of its pre-war ties to its Japanese counterpart to milk it for secrets on the Nazis. In fact, Polish intelligence officers, usually under the cover of White Russian émigrés, worked out of Japanese diplomatic missions in Kaunas, Stockholm, Bucharest, and Berlin itself. The Poles swapped with the Japanese news about the Soviet Union for intelligence on the Third Reich.

Anti-Communism also allowed the Poles to operate much more suavely than the Anglo-Americans in Hitler’s European satellites and in neutral countries, Spain and Portugal in particular. The Polish even exchanged intelligence with the Finns and the Swedes. From 1940 at least Poland’s secret services worked hard to wean Hungary, Rumania, and Bulgaria from the Axis. At the same time, they supplied the Western Allies with crucial intelligence, for example facilitating US Air Force bombing raids against the Rumanian oil fields and refineries.

Of course, the greatest Polish gift to defeating the Nazis was the cracking of the Enigma code by Polish mathematicians working for military intelligence. That happened already before the Second World War. Still more, on the eve of the war, in August 1939, the Poles presented the French and the British with a working model of the Enigma machine, reconstructed from the scratch in Poland. Carried on by the Poles and the British, the decrypting project, code-named Ultra, provided the Allies with the most valuable intelligence which, ultimately, greatly expedited the victory over Hitler.

Other Polish contributions, both major and minor, are quite notable, if obscure. The Polish intelligence located and penetrated the Penemünde V-1 rocket factory, which, ultimately, resulted in its utter destruction by the Allied bombers. The Poles also stole an intact V-2 rocket, which was passed on to the Brits. Next, the British authorities received periodic, weekly and monthly, reports on industrial espionage, troop movement, target spotting, and the effects of the Allied bombing on Germany’s infrastructure and civilian morale.

Further, the Poles supplied the British with the Nazi plans to invade the USSR. The reports included the details of the German troop deployment. From the fall of 1941, the Polish underground Home Army, or, more specifically, its commando units led by Polish special service officers parachuted from Great Britain, carried out a sustained and massive sabotage campaign against German transport and personnel behind the Eastern Front. The intelligence teams reached as far east as Moscow. However, the epicenter of the sabotage undertaking was in occupied Poland, the Nazi transportation hub. Sustained assaults seriously retarded and, occasionally, halted the rail-based movement of the German troops.

The Poles prepared the grounds for the Allied landing in north Africa, so-called operation “Torch”. According to an American military attaché in the region, “the Polish network… were by all odds the most efficient and professional in their field, supplying the Allies with a wealth of valuable and proven information” (p. 36). Polish operatives also set up the stage for the invasion of Normandy. Polish agents served as decoys. By staging sabotage acts elsewhere, they lured the German forces away from Allied landing zones. Cases of supreme sacrifice and exemplary devotion to the cause can be multiplied virtually ad infinitum.

The achievements of the Polish intelligence were simply stunning. The Allies appreciated the high quality of their Polish network and frequently poached agents from the Poles. For example, the UK’s most valued “Agent no. 1” aka “Athos”, responsible for numerous acts of sabotage in Nazi-occupied Greece, including blown up oil depots, cargo ships, and submarines, was really Poland’s water-polo Olympian Jerzy Iwanow-Szajnowicz. Further, the British frequently passed on to the Americans numerous Polish intelligence reports either without attributing them or as their own. But Washington received the very same copies directly from the source by a separate special arrangement with the Poles. The US appreciated the contributions of the Polish ally.

Deputy Chief of American military intelligence General Hayes A. Kroner commented that “the Polish Army has the best intelligence in the world. Its value for us is beyond compare. Regretfully there is little we can offer in return” (p. 90). John Colville, Private Secretary to Winston Churchill, concurred: “Probably the best all-round players in the [intelligence] game were the Poles” (p. 37). A British scholar of intelligence, Hugh Skillen, dedicated his work “to the Poles who gave so much and received so little” (p. 472). "




Edited by TheAlaniDragonRising - 17-Apr-2016 at 09:45
"I am a pure-blooded Polish nobleman, without a single drop of bad blood, certainly not German blood" - Friedrich Nietzsche
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 10:33
An interesting tale, Mosquito, but what should we expect from Marek Jan Chodakiewica a Pole from the right-wing to very hard-core neo-con leaning institute of world politics! This isn't to say there's not some truth between that over inflated ego trip. Delusions of grandeur hardly scratches the surface of what you have found to quote for us here today. Poland is as good a country as any other, Israel, Pakistan, Nigeria, England...etc....Poles have contributed much and many of us appreciate Polish endeavour. Were you aware that your Mr Chodakiewica was a very big supporter of that political nut case Ron Paul? Oops! LOL
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 14:32
Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising

An interesting tale, Mosquito, but what should we expect from Marek Jan Chodakiewica a Pole from the right-wing to very hard-core neo-con leaning institute of world politics! This isn't to say there's not some truth between that over inflated ego trip. Delusions of grandeur hardly scratches the surface of what you have found to quote for us here today. Poland is as good a country as any other, Israel, Pakistan, Nigeria, England...etc....Poles have contributed much and many of us appreciate Polish endeavour.


Did he write somthing that is not truth?
"I am a pure-blooded Polish nobleman, without a single drop of bad blood, certainly not German blood" - Friedrich Nietzsche
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 14:36
Polish-Japanese Cooperation

Now I will present you the information which for many might be shocking. Polish Secret Intelligence did cooperate with Japan Secret Services till 1944.

Before WW 2 Poland and Japan had excellent relations and Intelligence Services of both countries together cooperated in the actions against Soviet Union. Cooperation was deep and was based on the loyalty and lack of attempts to deceive the partner.
Cpt. Jerzy Niebrzycki of Polish Intelligence Services in the year 1936 was instructing Polish officers that in the relations with Japanese officers "loyalty is the most important thing".


In the 20ties Japanese secret services were very backward both in breaking ciphers as well as in creating new ciphers. In fact they were not able to break any Soviet ciphers.

First in 1922 Japan asked Poland for help and send to Poland large amount of Soviet messages. Polish cryptologist's did read them all in the two weeks. This resulted in farther cooperation, Polish cryptologist's were sent to Japan to teach Japanesse officers how to break the ciphers and finally the groups of Japanese cryptologist were being sent to Poland where learned from their Polish colleagues.


German invasion of Poland was badly recived in Japan and Japan services offered help to Poland and especially Polish officers of Secret Services almost imidatelly.

In 1939 Masao Ueda Japanese military attaché from embassy in Bucharest did offer his Polish colleagues full cooperation based on the partnership.

That time there were already three polish officers in the Kwantung army working as specialists to decode the Soviet COMINT. The Polish government in exile in London decided to let them stay in Manchuria and continue to do their duty.


The Japanese were disgusted and dissapointed that Germany cooperated with their enemy Soviet Union together against Poland and decided to conduct secret operations and espionage against Germans as well as against Soviet Union.

The proposal was accepted by the Polish goverment and Poland in fact signed informal alliance with Japan, both states decided to continue cooperation of their secret services and to exchange with gathered informations as well as to provide help to its agents if necessary.

The above descripted deal resulted in many joined actions and operations. For example maj. Michal Rybikowski wit the help of Japanesse services (under command of colonel Toshio Nishimura) was installed in Baltic States and Sweden.
In Lithuania Polish services recived great help from consul Chiune Sugihara.
Next in Sweden (where with the great help from Japanesse side was installed Polish spy network) Poles started cooperation with col. Makato Onodera who was giving Polish services important informations coming also from Hungarian and Finnish intelligence services which the Japanese inflitrated..
Japanese colonel Onodera disliked Germans and Hitler equally, he forseen their failure. What more, the Japanesse colonel was in friendly relations with the Wilhelm Canaris - chief of Abwehr and for meetings with Canaris in Berlin was always taking with him Polish officer who was pretending to be his Finnish translator Peter Iwanow.

But there is even more. Polish officers of secret intelligence services were employed in Berlin in the ambassy of Manchukuo (State of Manchuria") a puppet state of Japan where also with the help of Japanesse services created spy network.
Colonel Makato Onodera in his book after the war did write that in exchange Polish services gave him a lot of important informations from agents of Polish services in Smolensk, Vienna, Riga, Ural, Siberia and Moscow.

When Chiune Sugihara became general consul in Prague he appointed for his secretary Polish lieutnant Daszkiewicz who created the net of spies in German occupied Czechoslovakia, unsing codename "Herman Goering". Japanesse consul allowed him to use his own dipomatic limussine and Polish officer used it to travel in the whole country. In the march 1941 he was the first in the world to discover that Germans are going to invade Yugoslavia.
In mai 1941 Polish-Japanesse team did discover German plans of attack against Soviet Union.
On 11 december 1941 British goverment did force Polish goverment to declare the war against Japan but both countries ignored this fact and cooperation between secret services was continued untill 1944.

Interesting fact - Japan did not accept Polish declaration of war.


The prime-minister of Japan Hideki Tojo did say: "We do not accept Polish declaration of war. The Poles who are fighting for their freedom declared war on us under pressure from the United Kingdom."

The details of the Polish-Japanese cooperation during WW2 are described in the book of Hiroaki Kuromiya i Andrzej Pepłoński "Between Warsaw and Tokyo - Cooperation of Polish and Japanesse Secret Services in years 1904-1944".



Edited by Mosquito - 17-Apr-2016 at 15:24
"I am a pure-blooded Polish nobleman, without a single drop of bad blood, certainly not German blood" - Friedrich Nietzsche
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  Quote medievalgear Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 15:28
  Even today the Polish Special Units are some of the best in the world, our seals even train alongside with them...
Some do. Some do not. I DO most.
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 16:46
Originally posted by medievalgear

  Even today the Polish Special Units are some of the best in the world, our seals even train alongside with them...

JW GROM is very much in its infancy but has already climbed to around number five in the special forces list. Actually, that should really be six as one and two should read SAS & SBS, but many lists have a tendency to put them together for some reason, even though the lists have America's Navy Seal and Delta force separate in second and third respectively. Go figure.Confused
However, considering there are a number of well-respected units from around the world out there JW GROM have done admirably. 
 

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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 18:04
Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising

JW GROM is very much in its infancy but has already climbed to around number five in the special forces list. Actually, that should really be six as one and two should read SAS & SBS, but many lists have a tendency to put them together for some reason, even though the lists have America's Navy Seal and Delta force separate in second and third respectively. Go figure.However, considering there are a number of well-respected units from around the world out there JW GROM have done admirably.


From Polish spec. troops GROM gets all the press coverage. But it is said that the best Polish unit is JW FORMOZA. And they are the guys who train together with American Navy Seals.

"I am a pure-blooded Polish nobleman, without a single drop of bad blood, certainly not German blood" - Friedrich Nietzsche
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 18:06
Originally posted by Mosquito

Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising

An interesting tale, Mosquito, but what should we expect from Marek Jan Chodakiewica a Pole from the right-wing to very hard-core neo-con leaning institute of world politics! This isn't to say there's not some truth between that over inflated ego trip. Delusions of grandeur hardly scratches the surface of what you have found to quote for us here today. Poland is as good a country as any other, Israel, Pakistan, Nigeria, England...etc....Poles have contributed much and many of us appreciate Polish endeavour.


Did he write somthing that is not truth?
Did you check the quote in order to comment on any of the areas touched where there might have been distortion or omission? Does distortion or omission in a piece make it morally true, Mosquito? Do you only quote from those affiliated with the far right, Mosquito?
Here's a starting point. Enigma. Omission. Exaggeration.  
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 18:11
During WW2 some interesting info was also provided by Polish agent Kazimierz Leski

He did travel in occupied Europe in disguise as German general major Julius von Hallman. He visited Atlanctic Wall and drawed its detailed plans. He even visited feldmarshal Gerd von Rundtsted and his field Staff. The Germans have never realised that there is no such general in their army.
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 18:12
Originally posted by Mosquito

Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising

JW GROM is very much in its infancy but has already climbed to around number five in the special forces list. Actually, that should really be six as one and two should read SAS & SBS, but many lists have a tendency to put them together for some reason, even though the lists have America's Navy Seal and Delta force separate in second and third respectively. Go figure.However, considering there are a number of well-respected units from around the world out there JW GROM have done admirably.


From Polish spec. troops GROM gets all the press coverage. But it is said that the best Polish unit is JW FORMOZA. And they are the guys who train together with American Navy Seals.

My guess is that the list has done the same with Poland's GROM and FORMOZA as with the SAS and SBS.
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 17-Apr-2016 at 18:28
Originally posted by Mosquito

During WW2 some interesting info was also provided by Polish agent Kazimierz Leski

He did travel in occupied Europe in disguise as German general major Julius von Hallman. He visited Atlanctic Wall and drawed its detailed plans. He even visited feldmarshal Gerd von Rundtsted and his field Staff. The Germans have never realised that there is no such general in their army.

Not to mention his visit to the field staff of Field Marshal Gerd von Rundstedt, Mosquito. An excellent deception. LOL
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 18-Apr-2016 at 09:22
OPERATION CART

Poland had already many succeses before the war. For example all the secret messages carried in trains from Berlin to Koenigsberg in West Prussia were being read by Polish intelligence services.

The train was followed by a truck, from the truck 3 agents were jumping into the train, opening iron safe (it was done by professional bank robbers forced to work for secret services), removing all the seals, photo-copying all the mail and puting the seals back, closing the safe and leaving everything as it was before (all this in about 2 hours). The Germans have never found that their secret mail was being read.

Another succes was sending to Germany agent Jerzy Sosnowski who played the key role in the "OPERATION REICHSWEHR"

He presented himself in Berlin as a Polish Baron Ritter von Nalecz and he claimed that he dislikes Polish goverment which ruined his military career.

He was a very handsome man who quickly become the lover of many German women of high society such as Benita von Falkenhayn, Renate von Natzmer, Lotta von Lemmel and Isabelle von Tauscher (naming the few). He also recruited some German officers including Günther Rudloff from the Abwehr. Before the Germans realised that he is a Polish secret agent he was for years able to sent to Poland many important informations. Many of his aristocratic female lovers were working to get for him the secrets of German state.
Finaly the Germans realised that he is a spy working for Poland. He and most of his informators were arrested. The informators including all the women were found guilty of espionage and executed. Sosnowski himself was exchanged for German agents captured in Poland by Polish secret services.

From New York Evening Post, 20 february 1935:




Jerzy Sosnowski, Polish super agent in 30ties:



Sosnowski during WW1 was an officer of the Austrian army:



Edited by Mosquito - 18-Apr-2016 at 09:30
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 07:57
I'm loving your espionage stories of Polish agents, Mosquito. As I understand it then such things were going on a long time before the second world war in Germany and the Soviet Union. I know this is a little off-topic, but it makes good background for what you have put forward. What have you on the agents in the Soviet Union pre-war?
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 16:17
The espionage on the territory of USSR was extremly hard because of totalitarian system in this country. Among the spies were usually ethnic Poles and people who had Polish ancestors but also ethnic Belorusians and Ukrainians. However the Polish Operation of NKVD killed many of those people who were a part of so called "deep espionage".

There was also so called "shallow espionage" around the Polish-Soviet borders which was based on armed incursions on Soviet territory. It were usualy radical Belorusian and Ukrainian nationalists who were committing diversionary actions.

On the other hand in Poland every year between 1920-1939 were being arrested about 300-400 Soviet spies.

I have found a report to Yezhov, chief of NKVD from 11.08.1938. Sorry if there is some bad english but I have translated it myself with the help of google translator:


Report Nr. 00485, 11.08.1938

TOP SECRET

I send with this order a secret document about the fascist-insurgent, espionage, sabotage, defeatist and terrorist activities of the Polish intelligence in the USSR, as well as the materials of the investigation on POW 1 which reveal the image of a long-term and relatively unpunished sabotage and espionage work of the Polish intelligence on the territory of the Soviet Union.
With these materials you can see that the subversive activities of the Polish intelligence were carried out and continues to be carried out that impunity for this activity can be explained only by bad work of the authorities of the Central State Safety Board.
Even now, work on the liquidation of the area Polish sabotage and espionage groups and organizations POW did not develop fully. The pace and scale of investigation are extremely small. The same situation is with the records of Polish political emigrants. Regarding the work of agents, it is almost completely absent. Moreover, the existing agents, as a rule are double, substituted by Polish secret services.
Not quite vast liquidation of personnel of the Polish intelligence is all the more dangerous when it was broken up in Moscow's center POW, they arrested many of its most active members. Polish secret service, predicting the inevitability of their further mishaps, is trying to run, and in individual cases already starts its grid sabotage in the national economy of the USSR, especially in buildings of a defensive nature.





Edited by Mosquito - 19-Apr-2016 at 16:25
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 16:36
Originally posted by Mosquito

The espionage on the territory of USSR was extremly hard because of totalitarian system in this country. Among the spies were usually ethnic Poles and people who had Polish ancestors but also ethnic Belorusians and Ukrainians. However the Polish Operation of NKVD killed many of those people who were a part of so called "deep espionage".

There was also so called "shallow espionage" around the Polish-Soviet borders which was based on armed incursions on Soviet territory. It were usualy radical Belorusian and Ukrainian nationalists who were committing diversionary actions.

On the other hand in Poland every year between 1920-1939 were being arrested about 300-400 Soviet spies.

I have found a report to Yezhov, chief of NKVD from 11.08.1938. Sorry if there is some bad english but I have translated it myself with the help of google translator:


Report Nr. 00485, 11.08.1938

TOP SECRET

I send with this order a secret document about the fascist-insurgent, espionage, sabotage, defeatist and terrorist activities of the Polish intelligence in the USSR, as well as the materials of the investigation on POW 1 which reveal the image of a long-term and relatively unpunished sabotage and espionage work of the Polish intelligence on the territory of the Soviet Union.
With these materials you can see that the subversive activities of the Polish intelligence were carried out and continues to be carried out that impunity for this activity can be explained only by bad work of the authorities of the Central State Safety Board.
Even now, work on the liquidation of the area Polish sabotage and espionage groups and organizations POW did not develop fully. The pace and scale of investigation are extremely small. The same situation is with the records of Polish political emigrants. Regarding the work of agents, it is almost completely absent. Moreover, the existing agents, as a rule are double, substituted by Polish secret services.
Not quite vast liquidation of personnel of the Polish intelligence is all the more dangerous when it was broken up in Moscow's center POW, they arrested many of its most active members. Polish secret service, predicting the inevitability of their further mishaps, is trying to run, and in individual cases already starts its grid sabotage in the national economy of the USSR, especially in buildings of a defensive nature.




Not to say this isn't of interest, Mosquito because it very much is. However as a nation, you do tend to be forthcoming with accounts when such things have been stated, such as well established networks as in pre-war countries such as Germany and the Soviet Union. Maybe such networks were somewhat of a boast sometimes considering the lack of accounts.
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 16:38
Polish Secret Services in North Africa and its role in the Operation Torch.

One of the biggest actions of Polish Intelligence was invigilation of Northern Africa and preparation of Operation Torch.

After France collapsed Polish goverment sent to Vichy controlled Algier major Mieczysław Słowikowski who used codename "Rygor" (Polish for "Rigor") and opened so called "Agency Africa". Slowikowski did set up a company which was producting and trading cornflakes in the whole North Africa and the company became a comercial success which provided funds and network of shops and trading posts which were in the same time offices of secret agents. By the begining of Operation Torch Slowikowski and 2 other Polish officers commanded the army 2500 French agents who for various reasons (money, patriotism, dislike of Vichy goverment) were getting important informations. His intelligence officers were Polish but his agents were all French. Polish "Agency Africa" operated on the large territory from the Libyan–Tunisian border to French West Africa. Slowikowski posing as a wealthy businessman and using Algiers as a base, organized nine outposts in Algeria, Tunisia, French Morocco, and Dakar in French West Africa.

"I felt like a great spider whose growing net was covering bigger and bigger parts of the country" - said Slowikowski many years later.

Slowikowski did gather locations and detailed descriptions of all the arifields, seaports, mine fields, fuel depots, defence plans, movements of army, ships, moods of population, amount of ammunition in depots and military forces, coastal batteries, number of soldiers in regiments, their commanders (with detailed characteristics and political sympathies) and much more...

British historian M.R.D Foot in his foreword to Słowikowski's book "In the Secret Service", writes:

"Rygor, as he called himself [...], knew all the rules; and knew when to break them. Never go near children; but his son was with him, then in his earliest teens, and was a useful watchman. Never employ women on technical military tasks; but his wife helped him with his ciphering. Never go near the hostile security services; but he made friends with a disaffected senior police officer, who kept him and his family supplied with all the false papers they needed. In the teeth of every sort of obstacle — both locally, and in the shape of impractical instructions from the Poles in exile in London — he and the sub-agents he organized provided masses of data, military, economic and political, which played a leading part in the planning of operation 'Torch', the Anglo-American invasion of Algeria and Morocco in November 1942. "

In fact it was Slowikowski and his "Agency Afrika" that prepared Operation Torch. For this he was awarded by the British with Order of the British Empire, by the Americans with Legion of Merit and by Polish goverment Gold Cross of Merit with Swords.



"I am a pure-blooded Polish nobleman, without a single drop of bad blood, certainly not German blood" - Friedrich Nietzsche
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 16:55
Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising

Not to say this isn't of interest, Mosquito because it very much is. However as a nation, you do tend to be forthcoming with accounts when such things have been stated, such as well established networks as in pre-war countries such as Germany and the Soviet Union. Maybe such networks were somewhat of a boast sometimes considering the lack of accounts.


The problem is that Poland is not a Great Britain. Unlike Britain it was first occupied by the Germans, next by the Soviets. All the files of secret services which were not destroyed in 1939 felt into hands of either Germans or Russians. Many things about secret intelligence actions are known because their agents were discovered or arrested (like in the case of Sosnowski in Germany because it became also high class social scandal in Germany)but in case their operations were a full success, the cases remained unknown. Whats is also known is the fact that after Germany took over Poland, several hundrieds people were executed in Germany because some files were captured by them.

The deep cooperation between Poland and Japan during WW2 is known only because Japanese allowed their historians to read old WW2 secret files.

The fact that Polish mathematicians broke ENIGMA before the war is mostly known because Polish intelligence few days before the war gave all their work to French and British services.

Most of the files of Polish Secret Services in Great Britain were also destroyed before the British services tried to seize them. What is very interesting is that those files which British Services were able to capture was sealed and remain secret. Polish goverment was asking for those files several times. They will be opened around year 2030.

Some actions of Polish Secret Services are well known by the historians like for example capturing V2 rocket and sending it to Britain, discovering that there is secret rocket poligon and industry at Penemunde.

Edited by Mosquito - 19-Apr-2016 at 17:20
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 17:27
Originally posted by Mosquito

Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising

Not to say this isn't of interest, Mosquito because it very much is. However as a nation, you do tend to be forthcoming with accounts when such things have been stated, such as well established networks as in pre-war countries such as Germany and the Soviet Union. Maybe such networks were somewhat of a boast sometimes considering the lack of accounts.


The problem is that Poland is not a Great Britain. Unlike Britain it was first occupied by the Germans, next by the Soviets. All the files of secret services which were not destroyed in 1939 felt into hands of either Germans or Russians. Many things about secret intelligence actions are known because their agents were discovered or arrested (like in the case of Sosnowski in Germany because it became also high class social scandal in Germany)but in case their operations were a full success, the cases remained unknown. Whats is also known is the fact that after Germany took over Poland, several hundrieds people were executed in Germany.

The deep cooperation between Poland and Japan during WW2 is known only because Japanese allowed their historians to read old WW2 secret files.

The fact that Polish mathematicians broke ENIGMA before the war is mostly known because Polish intelligence few days before the war gave all their work to French and British services.

Most of the files of Polish Secret Services in Great Britain were also destroyed before the British services tried to seize them. What is very interesting is that those files which British Services were able to capture was sealed and remain secret. Polish goverment was asking for those files several times. They will be opened around year 2030.

Some actions of Polish Secret Services are well known by the historians like for example capturing V2 rocket and sending it to Britain, discovering that there is secret rocket poligon and industry at Penemunde.

With due respect, Mosquito, the chances of absolutely nothing remaining of any accounts of espionage seems a little bit convenient and somewhat odd. So no one survived or lived to pass on any accounts at all? Why would the Soviets pick and choose records to destroy if they believed they had ultimate power? Also as a nation, you do tend to enjoy sharing stories of how well you do in endeavors, and yet there's nothing at all about anything happening.

Btw, Mosquito, might be an idea you reevaluate that little bit of Enigma history again. You totally miss out information about what really happened and the worth of what was presented to the British.  
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 17:39
Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising

With due respect, Mosquito, the chances of absolutely nothing remaining of any accounts of espionage seems a little bit convenient and somewhat odd. So no one survived or lived to pass on any accounts at all? Why would the Soviets pick and choose records to destroy if they believed they had ultimate power?


Ask the Russians.
Some things are known from their files but it are mostly the files of the Polish agents who were discovered by Soviets or who changed sides.
Polish files are mostly lost because were burn in 1939.


Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising


Btw, Mosquito, might be an idea you reevaluate that little bit of Enigma history again. You totally miss out information about what really happened and the worth of what was presented to the British.


What I know is that British services were not even close to this what Polish had in 1939. They didnt know how enigma works, didnt have their own copy of enigma, havent read a signle german message coded by enigma. Everything has changed after Polish services gave them one and explained how it works.


http://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2016/03/15/polish-codebreakers-cracked-enigma-before-alan-turing/

"While Britain still used linguists to break codes, the Poles had understood that it was necessary to use mathematics to look for patterns and had broken some of the early pre-war German codes.

They had then taken a further step by building electro-mechanical machines to search for solutions, which they called "bombes".

On the eve of war in 1939 Bletchely codebreakers Alastair Denniston and Dilly Knox met with members of the Cipher Bureau at a secret facility in a forest in Pyry near Warsaw to share their knowledge.

Alan Turing, also later visited the Polish codebreakers and used their knowledge to develop his own "bombe" capable of breaking the more complex wartime Enigma codes."

http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~foss/valentin/Polish_breackdown.html



The bomby
        The methods discussed so far did not identify the actual key, only a number of possibilities, which had to be tried, one by one, on an Enigma replica until the operators' fingers were raw and bleeding. What was needed was a machine to accomplish this task.

        The Enigma scrambler was single-ended; one set of terminals served both as input and output. What was needed was a device where certain input terminals could be energized, and as it went through all the possible positions, a second set of terminals monitored to detect a desired output. For example, if it was assumed that the first three letters of a coded message HJQ represented the plaintext anx, input terminals H, J, and Q are energized and output terminals a, n, and x monitored. The machine steps through all cycles until a match is found, and then stops.

        Three sets of double-ended scramblers, one machine cycle apart, were driven by a motor. In our example, input terminals H, J, X were energized, and the machine stopped at any occurence of a, n, x. For each test run, 6 bomby were required, one for each of the 6 possible rotor positions.

        The machines made a ticking noise as they worked, and stopped when they arrived a solution. The Poles called them bomby (plural, "bomba" singular), perhaps from the ticking of the clockwork in a bomb fuse which stopped just before it exploded. Another possibility is that the name came from an ice cream dish they were eating at the time.

        With keys given them by the French, and using replica machines they had built, the Polish team of Marian Rejewski, Jerzy R?zycki and Henryk Zygalski were able to decode most German messages. They were particularly interested in radio traffic between German troops training in Russia, a ploy which allowed them to circumvent terms of the Versailles Treaty. However, they never related their results to the French, probably because they feared the Germans would find out that their codes had been compromised and institute new procedures which would nullify their success. The French, puzzled at receiving no intelligence, continued to pass on the keys nevertheless.

        The Poles began their efforts when the Germans used only three rotors. Although the keys were out of date, they were able to apply them to a backlog of messages.


Edited by Mosquito - 19-Apr-2016 at 17:51
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  Quote Mosquito Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 19-Apr-2016 at 17:58

Enigma- German Machine Cipher- "Broken" by Polish Cryptologists
by Brandi Dawn Brown


http://www.math.ucsd.edu/~crypto/students/enigma.html
"I am a pure-blooded Polish nobleman, without a single drop of bad blood, certainly not German blood" - Friedrich Nietzsche
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