Greatest Writer of your Country

1.  Ivan Vazov (1850-1921) poet, novelist.. and all of this kind

2. Iavorov and Angel Karaliichev, but I hate reading books. The first of them wrote lyric poems and the second tales  

3. Well, Jordan Radichkov but he died some months ago 2 or 3.

4. bah?! Aaaaa....  Andersen???

Iran:

1) Rumi aka Molavi aka Molana, a sufi mystical poet (middle ages)

2) Hafez, a poet (Many would place him above Rumi) (Middle Ages)

3) Ferdowsi, and epic poet (Middle Ages)

4) Saadi, a poet  (middle ages, enslaved by the crusaders in Libya)

5) Omar Khayyam, a poet (also astronomer, mathematician) (middle ages).

Then there are many others, like Attar, Shamse Tabriz, Forough Farrokhzad, Rudaki, Etesami, vaziri, etc.

A famous novel writer is Sadeq Hedayat (The Blind Owl)

My favorite is Ferdowsi the epic poet since I am young.  I also like Rumi.  I don't know who my favorite author in the world, not just persian, is. 

Dr. Suess

1- Miguel de Cervantes.

2- Perhaps Benito Perez Galdos or Terenci Moix, but not sur.

4- Tolstoi, Tolkien and Ende.

I dont understand why you people think Mevlana was Persian. He only used Persian language in most of his poems, but this doesnt make him a Persian.

Before the 19th century western literary forms were not practiced by the Turkish speakers in the Ottoman Empire. They appeared later and replaced the traditional forms (mostly poetry), especially with the institution of the Republic. Along with language reform and changing of script, today's Turks are pretty effectively cut off from the traditional Turkish literature.

So I'll give you separate answers for the Ottoman Empire and Turkey.

1. Turkey: Nazim Hikmet Ran (poet, playwright, etc.). Banned for decades in Turkey because he was a communist. Imprisoned and lost his citizenship. Died in the Soviet Union, buried in Moscow. He's the Turkish equivalent of Mayakovskiy and Brecht. Although he was a controversial figure and makes no attempt to hide his political views in his poems (quite to the contrary actually) everyone in Turkey knows his poetry, even the fascists and islamists quote him. UNESCO dedicated the year 2002 for him (in my sloppy translation):

To live, alone and free like a tree

Famous novelists with international renown are Aziz Nesin (dead) and Yasar Kemal (alive). Orhan Pamuk is younger and controversial figure in Turkey now, but in a decade or two, I believe he will be the best known, most read and most decorated novelist in Turkish literature, if he isn't already.

There are loads of other good poets (Orhan Veli Kanik is probably the most popular) and to a lesser extent novelists in the Republican era. 

Ottoman Empire: Fuzuli is the classical master of court poetry. Contemporary of Suleyman the Magnificent, if I recall correctly. He wrote diwans in Turkish (Azeri actually- which is the same thing), Farsi and Arabic. That's quite a feat in anybody's standards. Baki (17th century?) and Nedim (18th century) are also quite bigwigs. There are many other court poets throughout the centuries. Today most Turks don't get what they say due to the reasons mentioned above. Among these Nedim enjoys some popularity even today (my translation):

You came with a glass in one hand and a rose in the other, o wine-server!

Which one shall I take, the rose, the wine, or you?

In addition to these there are many folk poets who wrote with a 'purer' Turkish, and easier to understand today. Major non-religious: Karaoglan (who is possible more than one person), Koroglu, Dadaloglu, Asik Veysel (Republican era actually). Religious (Sufi): Yunus Emre, who enjoys some international recognition due to his Jesus-like capacity for love, I guess (my really free-form translation):

If you broke but one heart

Your prayers are in vain

Seventy-two nations won't manage

To wash your hands and face

 chemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" />>>

2. Nazim Hikmet is my favourite Turkish poet, Ihsan Oktay Anar is my favourite novelist. He�s translated to some European languages, French and Swedish, at least, I think. Read �The Atlas of Misty Continents� or �The Book of Trickery� (my translations of the titles) both rather post-modern Ottoman era sort of historical kind of fantasies. He's young (30s-40s?) used to be an assistant in a philosophy department of a Turkish university when he wrote, but recently I�ve heard that he gave up writing and is trying to improve his violin playing skills instead�

3. Yasar Kemal, but Orhan Pamuk is catching up fast.

4. I don't have an all-time favourite. William Gibson, maybe.