Why i am wrong about the Aryan Invasion

Ok i don't like to repeat myself but for once for your sake i will do so. I will give my sources for the facts that which i quoted

Even supporters of the AIT have admitted that the horse was known in Mohenjo Daro, near the coast of the Arabian Sea (let alone in more northerly areas), in 2500 BC at the latest

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E.J.H. Mackay and A.D. Pusalker, quoted in Talageri: Aryan Invasion Theory, a Reappraisal

But the presence of horses and even domesticated horses has already been traced further back: horse teeth at Amri, on the Indus near Mohenjo Daro, and at Rana Ghundai on the Panjab-Baluchistan border have been dated to about 3,600 BC

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Cited in Harry H. Hicks & Robert N. Anderson: Analysis of an Indo-European Vedic Aryan Head, 4th Millennium BC, Journal of Indo-European Studies, fall 1990, p.425-446, specifically p.437

More bones of the true and domesticated horse have been found in Harappa, Surkotada (all layers including the earliest), Kalibangan, Malvan and Ropar

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S.P. Gupta: The Lost Sarasvati and the Indus Civilization, p. 193-196, with full references

Recently, bones which were first taken to belong to onager specimens, have been identified as belonging to the, domesticated horse (Kuntasi, near the Gujarat coast, dated to 2300 BC). Superintending archaeologist Dr. A.M. Chitalwala comments: We may have to ask whether the Aryans () could have been Harappans themselves. () We dont have to believe in the imports theory anymore

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Interviewed in: Aryan civilization may become bone of contention, Indian Express, 10/12/1995.

Other cave paintings, so far undated, show a number of warriors wielding sticks in their right hands and actually riding horses without saddles or bridles

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Dated to la nuit des temps, the night of time, in Science Illustr�e, May 1995

http://www.geocities.com/bilal_ali_2000/IndusValleyChessPieces.jpg

Here are the Terracotta chess pieces excavated from Lothal from 2500 B.C. You tell me that what does the horse piece among those pieces mean?

http://www.geocities.com/ifihhome/images/bbl002/lothalhorse.jpg

This horse figurine was excavated from Lothal

http://www.geocities.com/bilal_ali_2000/HorseMohenjodaro.jpg

This one was excavated from Mohenjodaro

I had to go to the trouble of hosting these picture on the web to appease you

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surkotada

-Excerpts-

Surkotada is an archeological site located in India. It is famous for horse remains dated to ca. 2000 BCE [1][2

References

B?k?nyi, S. Horse Remains from the Prehistoric Site of Surkodata, Kutch, late 3rd Millennium B.C. South Asian, Studies,1997 Meadow, R. H. and Patel, A. A Comment on "Horse Remains from Surkodata" by S?ndor B?k?nyi. South Asian, Studies 13, 1997, 308-318

"Deep in the specialized literature on horse classification, we can find that Indian and other horses extending to insular Southeast Asia were peculiar from other breed. All showed anatomical traces of admixture with the ancient equid known as Equus Sivalensis. �However, like that equid, the horse of southeastern Asia has peculiar zebra-like dentition. Also both were distinguished by a pre-orbital depression. The orbital region is important because it has been demonstrated as useful in classifying different species of equids. Finally, and most importantly in relation to the Vedic literature, the Indian horse has, like Equus Sivalensis, only 17 pairs of ribs." ( P K Manansala).

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A. Ghosh�s respected and authoritative Encyclopaedia of Indian Archaeology mentions

In India the ... true horse is reported from the Neolithic levels at Kodekal [dist. Gulbarga of Karnataka] and Hallur [dist. Raichur of Karnataka] and the late Harappa levels at Mohenjo-daro (Sewell and Guha, 1931) and Ropar and at Harappa, Lothal and numerous other sites. � Recently bones of Equus caballus have also been reported from the proto-Harappa site of

Malvan in Gujarat.1

I had given you the exact source which says that the horse with which the Rig Vedic aryans were familiar with was the 17 ribbed horse

In the Rig Veda, Book 1, Hymn CLXII verse 18
"The four-and-thirty ribs of the. Swift Charger, kin to the Gods, the slayer's hatchet pierces."

Mortimer Wheeler otherwise an invasionist said

�it is likely enough that camel, horse and ass were in fact a familiar feature of the Indus caravan.�

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Mortimer Wheeler, The Indus Civilization (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953), p.

92, quoted by Edwin Bryant in The Quest for the Origins of Vedic Culture: The Indo-Aryan

Migration Debate (New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2002), pp. 170-171.

The well- known archaeologist B. B. Lal refers to a number of horse teeth and bones reported from Kalibangan, Ropar, Malvan and Lothal

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B. B. Lal, The Earliest Civilization of South Asia (New Delhi: Aryan Books International, 1997),

p. 162.

Another senior archaeologist, S. P. Gupta, adds further details on those finds, including early ones

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S. P. Gupta, The Indus-Sarasvati Civilization � Origins, Problems and Issues (Delhi: Pratibha

Prakashan, 1996), pp. 160-161.

In the case of Lothal, the archaeozoologist Bhola Nath certified the identification of a tooth

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Quoted in S. R. Rao, Lothal � A Harappan Port Town (New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of

India, 1985), vol. II, pp. 641-642.

he also made similar observations regarding bones from Mohenjo-daro and Harappa

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For Harappa, see Bhola Nath, �Remains of the Horse and the Indian Elephant from the

Prehistoric Site of Harappa (West Pakistan)� in Proceedings of the All-India Congress of Zoology

(Calcutta: Zoological Society of India, 1961). See also Bhola Nath, �Advances in the Study of

Prehistoric and Ancient Animal Remains in India � A Review� in Records of the Zoological

Survey of India, LXI.1-2, 1963, pp. 1-64.

A. K. Sharma�s identification of horse remains at Surkotada was endorsed by the late Hungarian archaeozoologist S�ndor B�k�nyi, an internationally respected authority in the field; in 1991, taking care to distinguish them from those of the local wild ass (khur), he confirmed several of them to be �remnants of true horses,� and what is more, domesticated horses

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S�ndor B�k�nyi, �Horse Remains from the Prehistoric Site of Surkotada, Kutch, Late 3rd
Millennium B.C.,� South Asian Studies, vol. 13, 1997 (New Delhi: Oxford & IBH), p. 299.

In his 1993 report to the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India, B�k�nyi made no bones about the whole issue:

Through a thorough study of the equid remains of the prehistoric settlement of Surkotada, Kutch, excavated under the direction of Dr. J. P. Joshi, I can state the following: The occurrence of true horse (Equus caballus L.) was evidenced by the enamel pattern of the upper and lower cheek and teeth and by the size and form of incisors and phalanges (toe bones). Since no wild horses lived in India in post-Pleistocene times, the domestic nature of the Surkotada horses is undoubtful. This is also supported by an inter- maxilla fragment whose incisor tooth shows clear signs of crib biting, a bad habit only existing among domestic horses which are not extensively used for war

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S�ndor B�k�nyi, 13 December 1993, in his report to the Director General of the
Archaeological Survey of India, quoted by B. B. Lal in The Earliest Civilization of South Asia,
op. cit., p. 162.
The Horse and the Aryan Debate / p. 18

P. K. Thomas, P. P. Joglekar et al., experts from the Deccan College on faunal remains, reported horse bones from the nearby Harappan site of Shikarpur �in the Mature Harappan period,�9 and from Kuntasi (at the boundary between Kutch and Saurashtra).

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P. K. Thomas, P. P. Joglekar, et al, �Subsistence Based on Animals in the Harappan Culture
of Gujarat,� Anthropozoologica, 1997, N�25-26, p. 769.

Koldihwa (in the Belan valley of Allahabad district), G. R. Sharma et al. identified horse fossils

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G. R. Sharma, History to Prehistory: Archaeology of the Vindhyas and the Ganga Valley
(University of Allahabad, 1980), quoted by K. D. Sethna, The Problem of Aryan Origins, p. 220-
221.

Contemporary with the Harappan period, the culture of the Chambal valley (in Madhya Pradesh) was explored by the respected archaeologist M. K. Dhavalikar, with layers dated between 2450 and 2000 BCE.
"The most interesting is the discovery of bones of horse from the Kayatha levels and a terracotta figurine of a mare. It is the domesticate species (Equus caballus), which takes back the antiquity of the steed in India to the latter half of the third millennium BC. The presence of horse at Kayatha in all the chalcolithic levels assumes great significance in the light of the controversy about the horse"

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M. K. Dhavalikar, Indian Protohistory (New Delhi: Books & Books, 1997), p. 115.

Just like at Surkotada, the horse at Kayatha was domesticated

At Surkotada from all the three periods quite a good number of bones of horse (Equus Caballus Linn) ... have been recovered. The parts recovered are very distinctive bones: first, second and third phalanges and few vertebrae fragments

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Ibid., p. 381.

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The first of Surkotada�s �three periods� coincides with the mature stage of the Harappan civilization

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Period IA starts about 2300 BCE (see ibid., p. 60 ff.), but this is based on uncalibrated C-14
analysis; a calibrated date will usually be a few centuries older, which would fit well with
the now accepted date of 2600 BCE for the start of the mature Harappan phase.

we have the case of Mahagara (near Allahabad), where horse bones were not only identified by G. R. Sharma et al., but �six sample absolute carbon 14 tests have given dates ranging from 2265 B.C.E. to 1480 B.C.E.�

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Sharma et al., Beginnings of Agriculture (Allahabad: Abinash Prakashan, 1980), pp. 220-
221,

The case of Hallur, mentioned by A. Ghosh above, is even more striking: the excavation (in the late 1960s) brought out horse remains that were dated between 1500 and 1300 BCE, in other words, about the time Aryans are pictured to have galloped down the Khyber pass, some 2,000 north of Hallur

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K. R. Alur, �Animal Remains� in Proto-historical Cultures of the Tungabhadra Valley, ed. M. S.
Nagaraja Rao (Dharwad: Rao, 1971). Note that here too, the dates are most likely
uncalibrated and therefore to be pushed back a few centuries.

Which which of these reports will you deny? And the evidence is bound to pile up as thousands of the Harppans sites are excavated.