Turkic etymology

 

Meaning: to kill, kill

 

Old Turkic: ab (hunt, chase)

 

Modern Turkic: aw

Mongolian: aba

Tungus-Manchu: wa (=eba)

Japanese: op

Comments: Manchu 'ebte ǵaxun' ('hunting bird'; perhaps preserving the original shape of the root *eb(a)-, that has elsewhere been irregularly reduced to *ewā- > *wā-).

 

Meaning: to take

 

Old Turkic: abuch (handful) 

 

Modern Turkic: owuch; uwus

Mongolian: abi

Tungus-Manchu: abqu

Comments: *abuč (*abut) cannot be regarded as a variant of *adu[ĺ] (on which see under alda - although the two roots could have influenced each other. The closed vowel in PT is not quite clear (under the influence of the two following labial phonemes?).

 

Meaning: interior of the mouth

Old Turkic: aburt (1 cheek-pouch, inside of the mouth 2 gum 3 mouthful, gulp 4 cheek 5 molar 6 to take a mouthful, swallow)

 

Modern Turkic: owrut; urt(a) (The Old Uyghur form, in inscriptions, is poorly readable, so -đ- (odurt) is dubious. Yakut -m- (omurt) is irregular: could it be a trace of Proto - Altaic *um 'drink', otherwise lost in Turkic?

Mongolian: owchi

Tungus-Manchu: (x)abu-wan

Comments: ---------------------

 

Meaning: elder relative, ancestor

Old Turkic: echi, (Orkh.), ech� (Orkhon, Old Uyghur.)

 

Modern Turkic: eche; acha

Tungus-Manchu: asi

Korean: acha

Comments: An expressive kinship "nursery" word with the typical structure *VCV; the root must have denoted some elder relative, both male and female. Deriving *asī from a Chinese or Sino-Korean source is quite impossible. The Mongolian reflexes are problematic: Mong. echei 'mother, elder sister' is probably < Turkic.; Mong. echige 'father' reflects rather Proto-Altaic  ete  . One should, however, note an isolated Dagur form achā 'father' whence certainly Solon ača id. and possibly Evenk ači 'ancestor' .

 

Meaning: silly, evil

Turkic: ada (1 danger 2 to endanger)

Mongolian: ada

Tungus-Manchu: ede

Japanese: anta

Comments: The Japanese high tone seems to contradict the Manchu - Tungus length, but it may be secondary.

Meaning: to fit, equal, similar

Turkic: adal (friend, companion)

Mongolian: adali

Tungus-Manchu: ada

Comments: Several similar roots: id  'to follow, lead'; iwude 'to imitate, simulate', with a natural tendency towards contamination.

 

A hypothesis about *adaĺ: (compound) at-daĺ with 'name' as the first component is impossible (in that case we would expect *ataĺ and 'namesake' as the earliest meaning). The form atta� is attested since Modern Turkic: atta� 'namesake' , ada� 'namesake' , ata� 'namesake' - and contaminates with *adaĺ. Modern languages for the most part reflect the compound, Tuva a'dashku-lar 'a father with his children' ("namesakes";  pharyngealization as a reflex of *-t-). A possible reflex of *adaĺ is Chuvash ural-a-�- 'to agree about acquiring smth. collectively, together' and ural-a-n- 'to form a light circle (of astronomical bodies)': both are semantically quite far from ura-la-n- 'to recover'.

Meaning: uninhabited place, wilderness

Turkic: aghlaq (1 lonely, uninhabited (place) 2 unemployed, out of work 3 field)

 

 

Modern Turkic: awlaq (Tends to contaminate with *āb-lag 'hunting lands')

Mongolian: aghula

Tungus-Manchu: aqulan 

Comments: May be derived from the root reflected in Manchu - Tungus as *agī- 'to walk without a road', 'wilderness' (borrowing from Mong. aghi 'wide' is highly dubious). Note that vowel length in Proto Turkic *aglak is unknown; if the original meaning of the root was 'to nomadize', one is tempted to compare also Proto Turkic *āgul 'settlement' (originally perhaps 'nomadic settlement'), whence probably Modern Mongolian ajil . ( > Evenk ail). Not borrowed from Turkic, but rather genuine may also be Mongolian ajimak 'a group of ajil's' (Mongolian > Khakas, Tuva ajmaq (See also Manchu ajman ).

Meaning: colostrum

 

Modern Turkic: aghuz; awuz

Mongolian: uquraq

 

Meaning: to speak, cry, sound

Turkic: ayit

Mongolian: ayi

Tungus-Manchu: eye

Korean: oio

Comments: Before the 11th c. it had only a causative meaning; the meaning 'say, tell' developed later.