DATELINE
|
Time
|
Events
|
650 BC
|
Asses are first mentioned in Assirian sources as the Scythian name Ishkuza =
Ish-Oguz,
where Ish is a variation of a word As
|
300 BC
|
From
Chinese sources Alans are listed as one of four Hunnish tribes (Xu-la, Lan,
Hiu-bu, Siu-lin) most favored by kings of Eastern Huns (Mao-dun/Mete and
his son Ki-ok/Kök) of 3rd century B.C. (ToOD 146).
|
210 BC |
ca 310- 100 BC Second, largest stage of Sarmatian migration to Scythia, ended
with crush of Scyths and Sarmatian dominance of N.Pontic |
204 BC |
HUN EMPIRE
204 B.C - 216 A.D
Area - At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west,
Caspian Sea; (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Bagatir, Maotun, Batur) |
107 BC |
First historical appearance of Rhoxolani, between Dnieper and Don:
Tasius, leader of Rhoxolani,
ally of Palacus, King of Crimean Scythians, against Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus |
64 B.C |
64/47 B.C. First historical appearance of Aorsi, between Don and North-West of Caspian Sea:
Spadines, King of Aorsi at time of Pharnaces,
King of Bosporus |
48 BC |
WESTERN HUN EMPIRE
48 BC - 216 A.D
Founder – Panu
Area - area over present Central Asia |
22 AD |
22/55 Alan, new name of old state of Yancai, North-West
of Kangju (Sogdiana): a possible trace of
formation of Alan Confederation of tribes, beginning
with a predominantly Sarmatian nucleus |
35 |
First historical appearance of Alans, North of Caucasus: raid
against Parthian vassal kingdom of Armenia, at instigation of Tiberius |
35 |
35-36
AD Alan participation in Ibero-Parthian (Artabanus II) war on side of Iberia.
|
49 |
Eunones, King of Aorsi, ally of Romans and of Cotys I, King of Bosporus, against Mithridates,
latter's brother |
50 |
1st
century AD (first half) Alans mentioned by written sources of Ancient Rome
(?) for the first time.
|
60 |
60/67 Embassy to "Greatest Kings of Aorsia", perhaps from Olbia |
62 |
Vologeses inscription: Parthian king Vologeses (51–80AD) in his 11th year battled
Kuluk (Külük ), king of Alani. |
69 |
Rhoxolan raid against Moesia checked by Third Legion |
72
|
Alans invade S.Caucasus. Külük defeated
Medians and Armenians in a raid south |
72 |
Alan raid against Parthian vassal kingdoms of
Media and Armenia. |
93 |
93/123Possible alliance between local Barbarian
chieftains
and Alans at time of Sauromates I, King of
Bosporus |
102 |
Roxolan cavalry participates in Decibal's raid to Lower Moesia |
117 |
117-118 Roxolans from E., Yazygs from W., attack Roman Dacia |
117 |
117/38 Sarmatian and Rhoxolan raids in Moesia under
Hadrian. Peace with king of Rhoxolani,
probably P. Aelius Rasparaganus. |
124
|
Dionysius
Periegetes (the Guide) Orbis terrae descriptio map showing Huns (Unni),
Caspii, Massagets, Sacii, Alani, Scyths, Hyrcanii, Sarmats, Taurii
|
135 |
Alan
campaign in Transcaucasus and Media. Alan raid against Albania, Media, Armenia and
Cappadocia, repelled
by Flavius Arrianus of Nicomedia |
138 |
138/61 Alan raids under Antoninus Pius |
139
|
Ptolemy
(83?-161? AD) writes that in European Sarmatia ‘below Agathyrsi (Akatsirs, Tr.
agach ers ‘forest people’) live Savari (Türkic Suvars), between Basternae
and Rhoxolani (Tr. Uraksy Alans, i.e. ‘Alans-farmers’) live Huns
|
150
|
Hou
Han shu: In China, Alans were earlier known as Yancai ("Vast
Steppe"). They have about 100,000 bowmen and same way of life and
clothes as Kangju and identical with Ta Yüeh-chih. Yancai changed its name
to kingdom of Alanliao with capital Di.
|
150
|
Hou
Han shu: Alans are a dependency of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and
middle Jaxartes basins). The climate is temperate. Wax trees, pines, and
aconite are plentiful
|
150
|
Mid.
2nd century Alans defeated by Roman army at Olvia
|
160 |
ca 160 First appearance of Alans in Lower Danube |
161 |
During reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180), Alans joined Sarmatian federation and
Sarmatians became dangerous again. Romans had to fight several bloody wars
against Sarmatians and their allies, Marcomanni |
167 |
167/80 Alans in Germanic wars of Marcus Aurelius |
167 |
ca 167-175 First Markoman War. Markomans, Quads, Yazygs in Middle Danube,
Roxolans, Alans, Costoboks and Free Dacians in Lower Danube |
175 |
Marcus Aurelius defeats Iazyg tribe of Alans, takes 8000 Sarmatians into Roman
service and himself settles with 5,500 of them in Northern Britain at Ribchester
south of Lancaster. Alans were assigned to VI Legion Victrix commanded by Alani
warlord who was renamed Lucius Artorius Castus.
When these auxiliary cataphracti (heavy cavalrymen) retired from duty they were
settled near the Lancashire village of Ribchester, known in Roman times as
Bremetennacum Veteranorum. In 20th c population along Hadrian Wall records
elevated level of group B blood, 16% vs 8% |
180 |
Rhoxolani, North of East Danube border
shortly before death of Marcus Aurelius |
178 |
ca 178-180 Second Markoman War. Dacia is attacked by Markomans, Quads, Yazygs
from W., Roxolans, Carpii, Free Dacians from E., Alans from N |
185 |
185/89 Alan raid against Mc'xet'a, capital of
Iberia, intercepted by Georgian
king Amzasp II |
193 |
193/208 Erakas, "chief interpreter of Alans" at
Panticapaeum |
210 |
ca 210 Sarmatians (federated with Alans) occupied Dacia and from then on war
against tribes on north bank of Danube was really dangerous |
216 |
End of
HUN EMPIRE
End of WESTERN HUN EMPIRE
204 B.C - 48 BC (split) - 216 A.D
Area - At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west,
Caspian Sea; (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Bagatir, Maotun, Batur) |
216 |
Western Hun Empire separates into 5 successor states (215-290)
Tele (Gaogyuys) |
225
|
Hou
Han shu: Alans were vassals of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and
middle Jaxartes basins). Now they are no longer vassals
|
225 |
Alans allied with Armenian king Xosrov I against Persians |
230 |
ca 230 Goths come to NW Pontic. Roxolans arrive at Tissa plain to Yazygs |
235 |
235-38 Reign of Maximinus, supposedly of Alan descent |
238 |
238/44 Defeat of Gordianus III before Alans at Philippi |
242 |
Alans allied with Goths and Carpi intrude Thrace and defeat Gordian II at
Phyllipoly |
243 |
243/73 Expansion of area of influence of Sasanian Persia as far
as "Gate of Alans" (Darial) under Sabuhr I |
260 |
Death of usurper Regalianus in Moesia, at request of
Rhoxolani |
274 |
Alans in triumph of Aurelian over Zenobia of Palmyra and Gallic
usurper Esuvius Tetricus |
276 |
276/82 Skirmishes between Rome and Alans under Probus |
300 |
by 300, Ammianus, XXXI, 2, 12: Alans "by repeated victories incorporated under
their own national name Geloni, Agathyrsi, Melanchlaeni, Anthropophagi, Amazons,
and Seres", showing a leadership of powerful state by Ammianus time |
300 |
Goths subjugated Alans with their subjects reaching to Don on E. |
330 |
330/38
Alans allied with Sanesan, king of "Massagetae" (Mazk'owtk'), against Armenian king
Xosrov II Kotak |
351 |
351/67
Alans allied with Armenian king Arsak II
against Persians |
360 |
Huns
cross Volga and attack Alans. Part of Alans retreat to N. Caucasus, part is
absorbed in Huns Horde, part retreat to N. Donets. Most likely, after
conquest a part of Bulgars joins Huns, and a part remains
|
360 |
Jordanes: With approach of Huns Alans revolt against Goths, helping Huns to move
against Ostrogoths under Ermanaric. Alans concluded concordia with Huns to move
against Ermanaric under unknown terms of alliance |
360 |
Hunno-Alanic alliance guaranteed Alan partner considerable degree of
independence and large share of loot. Alans are part of Hunnic confederation (ca
360-398) |
370
|
370-376
War between Alans and Goths.
|
370
|
Huns
control N. Pontic, Tanais and N. Caspian steppes. Living there Alans join
Huns.
|
372
|
Don
Alans crushed by Huns. Part of Alans joins Huns to Europe
|
375 |
EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE
375 – 454 A.D
Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars
Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S&
C Germany. From E France to Urals; from N.Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area -
4,000,000 Km2) |
375
|
Ammianus Marcellinus bk. XXXI, 12 considers Alans to be descendents of Massagets |
375
|
Battle
between Alans under Bülümar (Jordanes, XLVIII, 249) and Ostrogoths at
river Erac (present Tiligul). After death of Vitimir young Vidirix bacame a
King. Alatey and Safrac ruled under his name. Ostrogoths retreated to
Dniestr.
|
375
|
Ammianus
Marcellinus: "After his (Hermanaric) departure, Vitimir was made a
King, and resisted Halans for some time… But after many defeats he
suffered, he was subdued by arms and died in battle"
|
375 |
375-383 Alans serve in Gratian's guards. Alania in Lower Danube |
375 |
Subjection of Alans by Huns, Destruction
of Ostrogothic realm of Ermanaric by Huns
and Alans |
376
|
Huns
captured Bessarabia. Alans remained in Dacia. Vestgoths and Ostrogoths,
defeated by Huns and Alans, retreated to Danube
|
376 |
With Ermanaric's Ostrogoths, Hun's Bülümar (Balamber) acquired not only Alans,
but other Ostrogoth subjects. Jordanes: "thirteen peoples which the Amalung
ruler Ermanaric conquered in north: Golthescytha (Goths Scyths), Thiudos (Germ.
People), Inaunxis?, Vasinabroncae?, Merens (Merya,), Mordens (Mordvins),
Imniscaris?, Rogas (Germ.), Tadzans?, Athaul (Türk. Atagul=Archers), Navego?,
Bubegenes?, Coldas", plus Heruli, Aesti and Venethi, numerous people Taifali who
before 370 held Oltenia and western part of Muntenia. In Gaul Taifali, probably
Türkic, and Sarmatians were settled together |
377 |
377/8 Alliance of Huns and Alans with or Barbarians
in Moesia |
377 |
Romans cornered Visigoths against Danube, and Ammianus stresses that number of
Huns and Alans was small, but they removed Roman siege, threatening rear of
Romans |
378
|
Oldest
son of Hun's Bulyumar (Balamber) Alyp-bi defeats Sadumts
(Goths/Scandinavians), crossed Danube and with Visigoths, Ostrogoths and
Alans defeats 80K Byzantium army at Andrianopole.
|
378 |
Valeria, the easternmost province of Pannonia, overrun by Goths, Huns, and Alans |
378 |
Visigoths overrun Taifali in Oltenia, and Sarmatae Limigantes, the "slaves" of
Sarmatae Argaragantes, join Visigoths sent by Huns to capture Banat (Caucaland),
turned against their Argaragante lords. Pannonia Sarmats join Huns |
378 |
Gratian, attacked by Alans in Pannonia. Alans in
army of Fritigern, king of Visigoths, in
battle of Adrianople (Aug. 9th). Defeat and death
of Emperor
Valens. Raids by Goths, Huns and
Alans as far as Constantinople |
379 |
Victories of
Emperor Theoodosius over Alans, Huns
and Goths |
380
|
New
Roman Emperor Theodosius settles Gothic problem diplomatically. Goths
become federates, and Alans move north
|
380
|
380-395
Alans clear Dacia and Bessarabia from Vestgoths, Taifals, Gepids, Burgunds
and other peoples. Huns went to Pontic steppes
|
380 |
Recruitment of Alans into Roman army by
Gratian. Settling of Alan, Hun and Gothic auxiliary
troops in Pannonia by
Theodosius |
383 |
383/4Alan and Hun auxiliary troops called on by
Frankish magister militum Bauto against
Juthungi in Raetiae |
390 |
Ethnographic excursus on Alans by historian Ammianus Marcellinus |
394 |
Saul, general of Theodosius' Alan auxiliary troops
in battle of River Frigidus against Arbogast and usurper Flavius Eugenius |
395
|
Hun
campaign in Transcaucasus and even raid Syria. Alans, Ostrogoths and
Geruls, retreated earlier to Transcaucasus, subordinate to Huns
|
398 |
Alan auxiliary troops in Norrn Italy, |
400
|
Alans
and Bolgars live between Itil and Don
|
401 |
401/10Alans in army of Visigothic king Alaric in
Norrn Italy |
402
|
Ruler
of Western Empire Stilihon allied with Huns and Alans, who help Stilihon to
fight off attack of German tribes
|
402 |
Alan auxiliary troops in Stilicho's army in
battle of Pollentia
against Alaric. Internecine strife
between
Alans and Huns (location unknown) |
402 |
Orosius: between federates in Roman service after 402... "I say nothing of the
many internecine conflicts, when two cunei of Goths, and then Alans and Huns,
destroyed one another in mutual slaughter" |
402 |
Hunnic noblemen, Attila's relatives and retainers, have either Turkish or
Germanic names. There evidently were few, if any, Alans among leading group |
405
|
New
help by Huns and Alans to Stilihon to fight off attack of German tribes
(Sweves).
|
405 |
Alan and Hun auxiliary troops in army led by
Stilicho against Ostrogothic king Radagaisus |
406
|
Alans
join Vandals in invasion to Gallia (modern France)
|
406 |
Crossing of Rhine by Vandal king Godigisel and Alan king Respendial. Battle against
Prankish foederati in Roman service (Dec.31st). Earlier defection of Alan
Goar |
406 |
Disintegration of Hun's confederation: Alans left Huns. From 360 to 398 Huns and
Alans are constantly named together, Huns mostly, though not always, in first
place. In 394 only transdanubian Alans, led by Saul, joined Emperor Theodosius;
of the Huns only those in Thrace marched under imperial dragons. Alans, but no
Huns, served Stilicho in 398 and, still under Saul, in 402. In 406, however,
Stilicho's barbarian auxiliaries consisted of Huns and Goths; his bodyguard was
formed by Huns. Huns, but no Alans, served in the Roman army in 409 |
406 |
After 406, Western writers knew of Alans only in Gaul, Spain, and Africa. No
author of fifth century mentions Alans as allies of Huns |
407 |
Alans settled extensively north of Loire river, once called Armorica, now called
Brittany. Alans arrived at about same time as Celtic Britons were fleeing to
France after Saxon takeover of England. Alans and Celtic Britons intermarried
extensively. Legacy of Alans includes French name "Alain" and its many
variations, and cultural foundation of chivalric warfare (armored knights on
horseback) =>see 436 |
407 |
Invasion of Gaul by Alans, Suebi and Vandals |
409 |
Alans
and Vandals moving from Gallia to Spain
|
409 |
Part of Alans, with Respendial at helm, intruded
into Pyrenean peninsula, where they formed Alanian state. Captured lands were
shared between Alans and German tribes of Vandals and Svevs taking part in the
invasion |
409 |
Invasion of Spain by Alans, Suebi and
Vandals |
411 |
Goar (Goarchur) (?- 415) leads Alans who abandoned his Vandal
allies |
411 |
Dividing up of Spain among invaders:
Alans, lords of Lusitania and Carthaginiensis.
Failed attempt at an agreement with Emperor
Honorius |
411 |
Alans in service of Gerontius, magister milltum
of usurper Maximus in Tarraco |
411 |
Proclamation of usurper Jovinus in Mundiacum
(Germania Secunda) by Alan Goar and
Burgundian
Gunthiarius |
414 |
Defection of Alans allied to Visigoths during
siege of Vasatae (Aquitaine) |
415 |
Attaces (Addak) (415 - 426) Alanian King killed in battle against the Visigoths
|
416 |
Alans were followed into Spain by numerous tribes of Westgoths |
416 |
416/7 Campaigns led by Vallia, king of Visigoths,
against Alans and Vandals in Spain |
418 |
Westgoths defeated Alans. Alanian Chief Addak
perished in combat. With his doom Alanian state on Pirenean peninsula ceased to
exist. From this we can see a possible explanation how ht35 haplotype may have
arrived in Spain and subsequently in Spanish Netherlands, which may be of
interest in evaluating the DYS393=12 allele
|
418 |
Addac, king of Alans in Spain, defeated and
killed by Vallia, perhaps at Gibraltar ("in Tartessian
lands"). Submission of surviving Alans to Gunderic, king of Asding Vandals in
Gallaecia |
418 |
Alans in 418 subjugated themselves to the patrocinium of the Vandal king, they
retained their tribal organization until the end of Vandal kingdom |
424 |
424-71
Activity and pre-eminence of family of
Alan Flavius Ardabur Aspar in Byzantium |
428 |
428-77
Geiseric, King of Vandals and Alans. Orga
nization of Vandal army in chiliarchies |
429 |
Crossing of Vandals and Alans from Spain to
North Africa |
436 |
St. Germanus pleads with Alanic King to spare Armoricans. Alans begin to settle
in Armorica =>see 407 |
440 |
Settling in Valence of Alans under chieftain Sambida |
442 |
Settling of Alans in Transalpine Gaul by Aetius |
447 |
447/8
Eochar, king of Alans, sent by Aetius
against
Bacaudae of Armorica as a reprisal for their
revolt, and stopped by St. Germanus, bishop of
Auxerre |
450 |
450/60
Expedition of Georgian king Vaxtang Gorgasali against Alans |
451
|
451.06.15
"Battle of Peoples" at Catalaun ravine near present Trua. On
Atilla's side are Huns, Geruls, and part of Franks Ostrogoths, on Aecius
side Roman legions recruited from Gaul and Germany, Vestgoths, Burgunds,
Franks, Armorician Alans headed by Sanhiban. No definite result.
|
451 |
Sangiban, king of Alans in Orleans, ally of
Aetius and Visigothic king Theodoric in
battle of Catalaunian Fields against Attila, king
of Huns |
453 |
Subjection of [part of] Alans in
[Transalpine]
Gaul by Visigothic king Thorismud |
454
|
Jordanes:
You could see Goth with lances, Gepids with mad with sword, Rug breaking
spears in his wounds, and Swev bravely acting with bat, and Hun with arrow,
Alan with heavy, Gerule with light weapons
|
454
|
Atilla's
son Ellak tried to suppress rebellion, was defeated and died in battle.
Remains of Ellak's army retreated east of Carpathians. Two other sons
Dengizik and Ernak remained in Dacia and Bessarabia. Alans, led by ruler
Kandak were forced to go to Dobrudja
|
275 |
End of EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE
275 – 454 A.D
Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars
Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S&
C Germany. From E France to Urals; from N.Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area -
4,000,000 Km2) |
455 |
Alans in battle at Nedao River (Pannonia)
between Ardaric, king
of Gepids, and sons
of Attila. Later settling
in Scythia Minor and Lower Moesia of Alan chieftain Candac |
455 |
Abdaly (Hephthalites) conquer Kushans and invade India |
458 |
Alan
auxiliary troops in Majorian's army |
464 |
Beorgor, king of Alans, defeated and killed
at
Bergamo by patrician Ricimer (Feb. 6th) |
468
|
468
- 469 Danube war between Huns and Byzantium. Bel-Kermek (Hernach) after Dengizik
death leads army. Byzantium beats off invasion with difficulty. Byzantium
mercenary army consists of Slavs and Alans commanded by Aspar, whose father
was Alan
|
468
|
"in
some respect Danube war of 468 - 469 was a war of Alans and Ants against their
former masters, Huns." (G.V.Vernadsky). After Byzantian victory Huns
left Dacia and Bessarabia. These provinces opened for Slavic colonization.
|
477 |
477-84
Huneric, King of Vandals and Alans |
478 |
Attempted murder of consul Illus, counselor of Emperor Zeno, by an Alan |
487 |
487/8 Expedition from Ravenna against Rugi led by Scirian king Odoacer with
an army of Alans |
530 |
530-33 Gelimer, King of Vandals and Alans |
531 |
531/78 Foundation of Darband and fortification of Eastern and Central
Caucasus by Sasanian king Husrav Anosruvan against incursions of Northern
nomads. Creation of March of Alans |
534 |
Destruction of Vandal kingdom of Africa by Belisarius |
548 |
Alliance made by Gubazes, king of Lazi, with Alans and Sabirs against Iberia
at time subjected to Sasanian Persia |
549 |
Alans in expedition of Sasanian general Chorianes (Farroxan) against Lazica |
550
|
Mid.
6th century. Period of king Sarosius' government in Alania. Establishment
of tight contacts between Alania and Byzanthia.
|
550 |
Geographical description of Caucasus by Procopius of Caesarea |
551
|
Zachariah
Ritor: Bulgars and Alans are mentioned once as settled populations with
towns, and once as nomads. He points that Bulgarian towns, inhabited lands
are immediately next to Caspian gates, while nomads are in steppes north of
Caucasus
|
551
|
Z.
Ritor: "Thirteen peoples Avnagur (Onogur), Avgar, Sabir, Burgar, Alan,
Kurtargar, Avar, Hasar, Dirmar, Sirurgur, Bagrasir, Kulas, Abdel and
Hephtalit live in tents, earn their living on meat of livestock and fish, of
wild animals and by their weapons."
|
552 |
GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along northern borders of Mongolia and
China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total
Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
555 |
Description of
Caucasus by Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor |
556 |
Possible territorial
conflicts between Alans and
Misimians, subjects of king of Lazica |
557 |
Arrival of Avars in land of Sarosius (Sarodius, Saroes), king of Alans |
558
|
Gumilev:
Vars (Ugrian tribe, related to Hungarian ancestors Ogors/Ugrs which lived
between Itil and Ural rivers, and to Hungarians living in Bashkiria up to
XIII c.) and Huni (Khionites = Sarmato-Alanians), both from North of Aral
Sea, become known as Avars.
|
561 |
Fifty years peace between Justinian and Husrav
Anosruvan. Alans and Huns forbidden to cross
Darial and Darband to attack Byzantine territory |
566
|
Between
566 and 571 Istemi Djabgu subjugated peoples Banajar, Balanjar (Belenjer)
and Khazar. Baranjar (Balanjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars. Khazar influence
increased as Khazars became Turks closest allies and assistants.
|
569 |
569-571/2 Embassy of Zemarchus to Khanate of Western
Turks. Persian attempt to intercept Zemarchus
through Alans. On way
back, tension between Sarodius, king of
Alans, and Turkic ambassadors |
572 |
Saroes, king of Alans, ally of John,
strategos of
Armenia, against Persians |
574 |
574/78 Alans
(allies of Persians) captured and taken as
hostages to Byzantium under Tiberius Constantine |
576 |
Possible subjection of [part of] Alans by
Western Turks |
580 |
Incursion of Alans in pay of Byzantium
against
Persian Azerbaijan |
642 |
Campaign of Hudaifa b. Asid (Asad), general of
Caliph 'Umar I, in mountains of Alans.
Fortification of
passes of Central Caucasus by
Arabs |
651
|
With
loss of W.Khaganate rule, former confedrate Khazaria with attached Bolgar
Kutugurs, Alans, Slavs and Itil Bolgars gain independence. Khazars keep
Khagan from dynasty Ashina.
|
651
|
Defeat
of Khazar-Alan army by Abd Al Rahman Arabs in Euphrates battle
|
655
|
Gumilev:
Khazars cooperate with Iranian speaking Alans
|
662 |
662/3 Muslim expedition against Alans |
670
|
Bat-Boyan
Bolgars are defeated by Khazars. Khazars recover territory with east Bolgar
(Utugur) and Alan populations.
|
682
|
Albanian
missionary bishop Israel describes "Kingdom of Huns" (Belenjer)
capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri cult of Northern
Dagestan Baranjar (Balanjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to
Khazars
|
705 |
705/15 Adventures of spatharius Leo (future
Emperor
Leo III) in Caucasus. Alan raids against Abasgia (under Arab rule) instigated
by Justinian II |
715 |
715/20
Arab expedition against Alans under Caliph
'Umar II |
721 |
721/2 Invasion of country of Alans by Turks
(Khazars) |
722
|
Second
Khazar - Arab war (722-737) First campaign of Arabian troops led by Zh.
Jirrah in Northern Caucasus against Alans and Khazars
|
722 |
722/3 Defeat of Arab general Tabit al-Nahram by
Alans and Khazars |
723
|
Khazars
lose Balanjar to Arabs, move capital to Samandar
|
723 |
723/4 Expedition against Alans and Khazars led by
al
Jarrah b. 'Abdallah
al-Hakami |
724 |
724/5 Alans, tributary people to Umayyad Caliphate as a result of
expedition against them led by al-Hajjaj b. 'Abd al-Malik |
728 |
728/9 Expedition against Turks (Khazars) led by
Maslamah b. 'Abd al-Malik through Gate of
Alans (Darial) |
730 |
730/1 Defeat and death of al-Jarrah b. 'Abdallah
al
Hakami at hands of Turkic (Khazar) invaders
from country of
Alans |
735
|
Campaign
of Arabian military leader Mervan Kru in Alania. Alanian king Itaz
|
735 |
735/6 Conquest of three fortresses in country of
Alans by Marwan b. Muhammad |
737 |
737/8 Expedition against country of Khazars led
by Marwan b. Muhammad through Gate of
Alans |
751 |
Alan auxiliary troops in Armenia serving in
army of Constantine V |
758 |
Conquest of Gate of Alans by Yazid b.
Usayd b. Sulami |
772
|
War
between Greeks and Bulgars. Khazaria unites with Alania
|
776 |
St. Beat map between eastuaries of Danube and Dniestr shown country Alania |
820 |
820/23 Alans in army of Thomas Slav, leader of
revolt against Byzantine Emperor Michael II |
842 |
842/47 Travel of Sallam, interpreter to court of king of Khazars, through
country of
Alans |
851 |
851/2 Expedition of Turk Abu Musa Buga Elder
against Georgians, Abkhaz, Alans and Khazars.
One hundred Alan households deported to Dmanisi
(Tasiri) |
888 |
888-907--Alan I the Great, King of Brittany |
888 |
888/923 Alan Baqat'ar, ally of Bagrat I of Abkhazia
against Georgian king Adarnase II |
895
|
Alans
and Bulgars freed from Khazar power
|
900 |
Alano-Khazar war during reign of Aaron,
king of Khazaria |
903 |
903/13 Geographical description of kingdom of
Alania
by Ibn Rustah |
905 |
905/15 Conversion of king of Alans to Christianity
through intercession
of exusiastes of Abasgia. Beginning of
mission of Peter, Archbishop
of Alania |
910
|
First
missions of Christian preachers from Byzantine to Alania. Establishing Alan
arch-episcopate. Peter a first arch-bishop of Alania
|
920
|
Khazars
fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or As), Oghuz, Byzantines, Kengeres and
Kara Bolgars
|
924 |
Attempt at an anti-Bulgarian alliance by Emperor Romanus I Lecapenus with Ruses, Pechenegs, Alans and Magyars |
930
|
Khazars
ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage
|
931 |
Christian religion abjured by Alans.
Expulsion
of bishops and priests sent by Byzantine
Emperor |
943 |
943/56 Geographical description of kingdom of
Alania
by al-Mas'udi. First recorded appearance of its
capital city, Magas. Alliance between king of
Alans and king of Daghestan Avars |
944 |
944/5 Incursion of Alans, Russians and Lesghians
against
Arran |
945 |
945/59 First recorded appearance of exusiocrator of Alania (dated during
reign and literary activity
of Constantine Porphyrogenitus) |
965 |
Destruction of Khazar Empire and defeat of
Alans and Circassians by Rus prince Svyatoslav of Kyiv |
977 |
Ibn Haukal in the "Face of the Earth" records that Azeri and Persian
languages were being used as Lingua Franca across the Caucasus |
1014 |
1014/27 Alda, Alan princess, wife of Giorgi I of
Georgia |
1029 |
Death of Urdure, king of Alans, slain in
battle by Kwirike
III, king of Kaxet'i |
1029 |
Expedition led by prince Yaroslav Wise of
Kyiv against Alans |
1032 |
1032-33 Failed incursions of Alans, Avars and Ruses
against Muslim city-states of Sarwan and Darband, in East Transcaucasia |
1050 |
1050/55 Love affair between Emperor Constantine IX
Monomachus and a daughter of king of Alania |
1062 |
1062/65 Alan raids through Darial against Saddadid
emirate of Arran (East Transcaucasia). Dorgoleli,
king of Alans. Marriage of Georgian king Bagrat IV with Alan princess
Borena |
1065
|
Visit
of Alanian king Durguleit Great to Georgian king Bagrat IV in Kutais
|
1066 |
Many Bretons of Alanic ancestry joined William The Conqueror in the conquest of
Britain, contributing military tactics inherited from their forebears, and later
spread their genetic influence across Britain into Scotland and elsewhere. One
of the highest frequencies of R1b Haplotype 35 anywhere in the Y-STR database is
among sample from Paris, France, adjacent to Normandy, and even more so, among
Americans of "Cajun" descent. "Cajun" is actually a colloquial contraction of
the word "Acadian" (now Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and portions of northern
Maine). Majority of early French Canadian settlers of both Acadia and Quebec
were of Norman or Breton origin. Many Scottish families who exhibit DYS393=12
marker are as likely to be descended from the Alans who arrived with the
Normans, as from the Sarmatians who came with the Romans |
1072
|
Marriage of Maria of Alania with Byzantine
emperor Michael VII Duca Parapinaces (1071-1078 d. 1078). Marriage of
Georgian king George III with Alanian princess Burduhan
|
1072 |
1072/75 Recruitment of mercenary troops in Alania by
Michael VII Ducas in order to face revolt of
Norman Roussel of Bailleul. Alan mercenaries in
service of Comneni brothers in Anatolia |
1075 |
1075/95 Intrigues in Byzantium of Maria of Alania, wife of
Michael VII Ducas and Nicephorus III Botaneiates.
Irene of Alania, wife of Sebastocrator Isaac
Comnenus |
1089
|
King
of Ovs (As, Alans) David Soslan's son marries Queen Tamar
|
1099
|
Formation
of Karachai-Balkarian (Alan) people completed.
|
1107 |
1107/8 Rhosmices, exusiocrator of Alania, in
service of
Byzantines during invasion of Epirus by
Norman prince
Bohemund of Antioch |
1116
|
Don
Kipchaks are again invaded and defeated by Russian Princes. Cities
Sharukhan, Sugrov and Balin with Alano-Bulgar populations are taken
|
1116 |
Rus expedition against Cumans. Marriage of Yaropolk, son of Vladimir II Monomah of
Kyiv, to Alan princess |
1116 |
Alan mercenaries in army recruited by Alexius I Comnenus to face Turks of Seljuq Sultan Melik Shah |
1118
|
Kipchaks
make peace with Alans. Khan Otrak has 40K army and is allied with Georgian
King David IV the Builder, and participates in war with Seljuks. A number
of Kipchaks settle in Georgia
|
1130 |
Abu Hamid al-Garnatfs stay in Darband |
1150 |
Khuddan, king of Alans. Marriage of Georgian prince Giorgi to Alan princess
Burdukhan |
1150 |
Hieronim's map names Danube tributary r. Pruth "Alanus" |
1153 |
Ibn al-Azraq's journey to Alania together with
Georgian king Demetre I |
1155 |
1155/6 Alan mercenaries in expedition to re-conquer
Italy sent by Emperor
Manuel I Comnenus |
1160 |
1160/73 Benjamin of Tudela's journeys. Evidence for
Jewish communities in Alania |
1173 |
1173/4 Incursion of Alans, Ruses, Cumans and
Avars in
service of Bekbars
of Darband against
Sirwansah Ahsatan b. Manucehr |
1175 |
Brother of the "Yasian Princess" (brother-in-law of Prince) Alanian
majordomo Küchük Anbal (Turk. "small" + "son of
concubine") killed Prince A. Bogolubsky |
1184 |
1184/1212 Marriage of Georgian queen T'amar with Alan Davit Soslan |
1185 |
Alan mercenaries in defence and reconquest of Thessalonica against Normans of Sicily |
1189 |
Annihilation of a corps of Alan mercenaries near
Philippopolis (Plovdiv) by crusaders of
German Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa |
1222
|
Defeat
of Alans and Kipchaks in first fight against Mongol-Tatars. Mongol-Tatars
seizing capital of Alania Magas (Meget)
|
1222 |
First Mongol expedition against Caucasus:
defeat of Alans and Cumans |
1225 |
1225/30 Alans in service of Georgian queen Rusudan against invasion of Hwarezmsah Galal
al-Din |
1226 |
1226/40 Pastoral journey of bishop Theodore to
metropolitan see of Alania |
1229 |
1229/59 Subjection and transfer to China of Alan
families
by Mongols during reigns of Ogodei and
Mongke |
1236 |
1236/7 Qachir-Ukule, amir of Ases, captured and
executed
by Mongke on shores
of Volga |
1239
|
Assimilation
of Alania into Ulus Juchi
|
|
|
1239 |
1239/40 Alans and their capital *Magas conquered by
Mongols |
1243 |
1243/69 Marriage of Georgian king Davit
VII Ulu (Turk. "David Uĝlu = Great") to Alan [princess?]
named Altun (Turk. "Gold") |
1245 |
1245/55 Reported resistance to Mongols by part of
Alans in Caucasus |
1253 |
1253/55 Journey of Friar William of Rubruck to Mongol
Empire. Alans in Qara Qorum. |
1258 |
1258/1368 Military activity of Alan mercenaries in
service of Mongol Yuan dynasty in China |
1261 |
Diplomatic relations between Mamluk Sultan
al-Malik al-Zahir and Berke, Khan of Kipchak Khanate, through Alan merchants |
1263 |
1263/64 Reported Alan settlements in Crimea |
1275 |
Massacre of a garrison of [Christian] Alans in
service of Mongol general Bayan in Chinese
city of Zhenchao
(Jiangsu) |
1277 |
1277/78 Expedition of Rus princes against Alans
sent by Khan of
Kipchak Khanate Mongke
Termir |
1278
|
Mongol-Tatars
and Russians seize Alanian town Dediakov.
|
1280 |
1280/1300 Alans in service of Mongol chieftain Noyai
in Kipchak Khanate |
1290 |
1290/1300 Raids led
by Alan prince Parejan in Georgia |
1298 |
1298/99 Alan merchants in Caffa (Crimea) during
sacking of city by Mongol
chieftain Noyai |
1300 |
1300/1
Civil war in Kipchak Khanate. Levy of army by Jöge, son of Nogai, in "country of Alans",
probably in Moldavia |
1300 |
1300/10 Raids
led by Alan Bagatar in Georgia |
1301 |
1301/65
Trading of Alan slaves from Italian colonies in
North of Black Sea to Europe |
1302 |
1302/4 Arrival of of Alanian mercenaries contingent in
Byzantium. Military activity against Turks |
1304
|
Byzantines
recruit Caucasus Alans as proxy allies
|
1304 |
1304/6 Clashes between Alanian mercenaries and Catalan
Grand
Company in lands of Byzantine Empire |
1310 |
1310/23 Thirty thousand Alans in service of Mongol
Yuan Emperors in China |
1314 |
1314/46 Defeat and expulsion of Alans from Georgia
by
king Georgi V Illustrious |
1318 |
First recorded testimony of presence of Alans
(Yasses/Jasses) in Hungary |
1322 |
Itiles (i.e. Itil) and Temeres
(i.e Timur) Alans in service of Bulgarian Tsar George II Terter, in charge of defence
of Philippopolis against Byzantines |
1329 |
Death of Sayf al-Din Bahadur As (i.e. Asian
Bogatyr), renowned Alan
Mamluk in Egypt |
1333 |
Ibn Battuta's stay in Kipchak Khanate. Muslim Alans in Sarai al Djadid, capital city of Özbeg Kagan |
1336 |
1336-53
Embassy sent by Mongol Emperor Togon
Temur and five Alan princes in China to Pope
Benedict XII. Mission of Friar John of Marignolli
in Khan Baliq (Beyjing) |
1349 |
John Cantacuzenus, "Emperor of Alans" |
1395
|
Tamerlan
army invasion in Northern Caucasus, mass murder of Alanian population
|
1400 |
1400/34
Activity of Alan chieftain Arugtai in Mongolia |
1690
|
2nd
half 17 - beg. 18 century Kabardins (Adyg group) populate plains of Alania
|
1890
|
Alans, like Scythians and Sarmatians, are suggested to be re-classified as
Ossetian/Iranian/Indo-European speakers, and gradually become titled always only
as “Iranian-speaking Alanians”, while the simple "Alans" totally disappear |