who do you think is the Most Intersting Arabic Caliph?

ok i'll try to write a brief Biography about each one.

1- Abu Baker (Al Seddiq= The Honest)   The First Caliph of Islam from  632 AD to 634 AD, Declared War against all Who rebeled in the Arabian Peninsuala after the Prophet Mohammed's death , by that he Stabilised the Raising Empire. Abu Baker was Burid beside the Prophet in Madina inside the Prophet Mosque.

2- Umar I (Bin alkhatab, AlFarooq, Amir Almuemineen = the Leader of the Belivers) the Secound Caliph of Islam from 634 AD to 644 AD, Most of his Famouse Acheivements are  the Conquests of Mesopotamia, Persia (Ending the Persian Sassanids Empire), Conquests of Egypt, Palistine ( Jerusalem), Syria, Parts of North Africa ( beyond Egypt) and Armenia. Umar was Burid Beside the Prophet and Abu Baker in Madina inside the Prophet Mosque.

3-  Ali ( Bin Abi Talb, Amir Almuemineen = the leader of the Belivers) the 4th Caliph of Islam ruled from 656 AD to 661 AD, Cousin of the Prophet, First Imam for the Shia and the 4th of the Rightly Guided Caliphs to the Sunnies. at his reign the Empire was divided and Ali's Athoritiy was only in the Arabian Penisnsula and Iraq and he moved the Capital of the Caliphate to Kufa in Iraq. Ali was Buried in Najaf in Iraq.

4- Muawiyah I ( Bin Abi Sufyan) Founder of the Ummayad Caliphate and moved the Capital to Damascus , Ruled As Ummayad Caliph from 661 AD to 680 AD, Fought Caliph Ali and assumed the Caliphate after Ali's assasination ( the fight was about the 3rd Caliph Uthman who was assasinated and Muawiyah Demanded Ali to surender the Assasins of Uthaman ..etc )

5- Al Walid I ( Ibn Abd Al Malik ) the Ummayad Caliph from 705 AD to 715 AD, his most famouse Achievements are the Conquests of the rest of North Africa and AlAndalus ( now Spain and Purtugal ), Transoxiana and Sind ( north India ) also he builded the Ummayad Great Mosque in Damascus and built hospitals, educational institutions and measures for the appreciation of art.

6- Abu Al Abass  ( AsSafah = Blood letter or the Mass murderer ) was The Founder of the Abbasides Caliphat and ruled as a Caliph from 750 AD to 754 AD, called Assafah because he killed and almost all the Ummayad Royal Family except the once who ran to AlAndalus.most of his reign was to take controle of the rest of the Ummayad provences.

7-  Al Mansur ( Abu Jaffar ) the Secound Abbasids Caliph from 754 AD to 775 AD,  During his reign, literature and scholarly work in the Islamic world began to emerge in full force, supported by new Abbasid tolerances for Persians and Other Groups who were treated with Racisim under the Ummayads. Al mansur Founded Baghdad as the new Capital of the Abbasids.

8- Harun Al Rashid  ( Aaron the Upright in english ) was an Abbasids Caliph ruled from 786 AD to 809 AD, one of the most famouse Arab Caliphs under his rule Baghdad flourished into the most splendid city of its period.

9- Al Mamun ( Abu Jafar ibn Harun ) Abbasids Caliph ruled from 813 AD to 833 AD son of Harun al Rashid, he established the House of Wisdom which was about Sceince and Transialtions and descoveries and at his period the Abbasids Empire reached its Zenith.