AE Magazine - February 2007 Edition

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Romania and the Soviet Union 1965-1989
Among the Eastern European states which were under the sway of the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Romania was quite unique. Romania`s independent foreign policy which enabled it for a while to maintain friendly relations with the Soviet Union, the United States, China and most of the 3rd World all at once, made Ceausescu appear as somewhat of a maverick, at least to western eyes. (Decebal) 

Khrushchev's Placement of Missiles in Cuba 
The �13 days� of the Cuban Missile Crisis stands as the most ominous period of the Cold War conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union. The world appeared to be on the edge of a nuclear abyss that that threatened to engulf the two superpowers. (Act of Oblivion)

The Effects of the Hussites
Jan Hus was a religious reformer in Bohemia in the early 1400s. It seems surprising, then, that from the movement formed from his death, that radical changes in military science would take place. These new ideas came mainly from Jan Zizka[1], one of the most brilliant defensive military minds the world has ever seen. Yet very few know of him, or the revolution he led. Later, the remnants of the movement would spark the Thirty Year�s War. (Timotheus)

Why some social groups benefited more than others from industrialization in 19th century Europe?
The industrial revolution, a period of transition and innovation, inevitably brought with it changes. Life for both rich and poor was changed forever. A way of life in Europe was passing away, when the lord of the manor, independent farmers, servants and workers that had previously lived independently in a vertically integrated society were replaced by a city based society of segregated social classes. (Wilpuri)

The Rise and Fall of Parchment 
By the time scribes were copying their first works onto parchment in Europe, animal skins had been used as a writing material for thousands of years. (Reginmund) 

The Republic of Novgorod
The Republic of Novgorod was situated around the city of Novgorod and nearby territories. The main areas of the Republic were around the Lake Ilmen. Later on, when the power of Novgorod grew, she joined areas that were far north, behind the lakes of Onega and Beloje. (Rider)

History of the Native Americans
The people presently known as the "Native Americans" emigrated from Asia some 13,000 years ago and settled in every corner of the vast continent now called "America". Still, they were never isolated. The first verified contact between Europeans and Indians, however, took place in the year 1000 A.D. when Vikings landed in Newfoundland. (Hope)

Famous Battles: The Battle of the Standard
Henry I of England died heirless in Normandy on 1 December 1135. Twice before his death Henry had extracted an oath from his leading barons and clergy that they should respect the rights of his daughter Mathilda�widow of emperor Henry V and presently wife of Count Geoffrey of Anjou�to the succession of the English throne. (Konstatinius)

This Month In History: February 2007
The 19th century �Apache Wars� were reputably among the bloodiest confrontations seen between the Native North American Indians and the United States military. Thomas More; lawyer, scholar, and a Lord Chancellor of England, was born in London. On February 15th, 1989, the government of the Soviet Union announced that the last of its troops had left Afghanistan. On February 27th, 1933, the seat of the German parliament in Berlin went up in flames. (Act of Oblivion)

Secret Societies: The Assassins
At the height of their power the Assassins held sway from Anatolia to Bombay and could bring down princes and Shahs alike. The Assassins were the most feared secret organisation of them all. Founded by Hassan I Sabbah in the 11th century, they were fanatical followers of Ismailis Islam which taught all actions were morally ambivalent, they originally formed in Cairo but when Hassan fell out with the Ismails sect leaders they headed for Persia and in 1090 captured the fortress Alamut. (Paul)

Films: Braveheart
The 1995 movie Braveheart, directed by the famous Mel Gibson, is a movie about the First Scottish War of Independence. It has won many awards, but what is not known by many of its worldwide fans is its inaccuracy on so many points. (Emperor Barbarossa)

Books: In the Heart of the Sea
In the Heart of the Sea relates the story of the ill-fated voyage of the whaleship Essex and the tragic survival story of it�s crew. On November the 20th 1820, an 84 foot whale sunk the 238 ton whaleship nearly 3,000 miles off the coast of South America. The crew than floundered about the endless expanse of the Pacific for 93 days in leaky whaleboats with little food and water. (Kilroy)

Historic texts: The Finnsburg Fragment 
The Finnsburg Episode is part of Beowulf, the Anglo-Saxon epic poem. The Fragment is supposedly just a small part of the real piece that told us the story of what happened at Finnsburg. (Rider) 

Books: Emperor, The Gates Of Rome
The story is the tale of two young romans coming of age on an estate out side Rome with the back drop of the chaos of the Marius and Sulla years. Learning the things a roman gentleman will need to know. (Dawn)

Photography: Cities of the Old Kingdom of Maya
A photo journey through the ancient Central American civilization. (Rider)

This Month's Picture Quiz: 
Can you name this island?

Answer to last month's Picture Quiz: 
Falcata, Spartha, kilij, Scottish Broadsword, Cut & Thrust 
Broadsword, Zweih�nder, Chinese Broadsword, Dha.

Lao Tzu (570-490 BC) 

If there is to be peace in the world, 
There must be peace in the nations. 

If there is to be peace in the nations, 
There must be peace in the cities. 

If there is to be peace in the cities, 
There must be peace between neighbors. 

If there is to be peace between neighbors, 
There must be peace in the home. 

If there is to be peace in the home, 
There must be peace in the heart. 

Editorial
Welcome to the new revamped AE Magazine, a whopping 15 articles long. Apart form having the most content ever, the magazine has attracted the largest number of contributers too. 

AE Magazine is no-longer simply a historical journal and we hope the greater diversity of content will attract contributions from those who want to contribute but feel they are not up to writing a full blown historical essay.

The Editors would like to thank all who contributed and would like to hear from any wouldbe writers, columnists, reviewers, artists and photographer.

Historical Photo of the Month
click to enlarge

London's Magnificent Albert Memorial, built in 1872 in Kensington Gardens.
 Photographed by Paul

Historic Website of the Month
Judging by the military forum, AE's full of armchair generals. Why not find out if you're as good as you think at the BBC's.
Battlefield Academy

AE Magazine, February Edition 

Editors:
Rider
Emp. Barbarossa
Imperator Invictus
Morticia
Act of Oblivion
Dawn
Kilroy
Hugoestr
Paul 

Contributing Writers: Wilpuri
Konstantinius
Reginmund
Decebal
Hope
Timotheus 