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Topic ClosedTurkic etymology
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    Posted: 12-Oct-2006 at 16:43
Proto - Altaic: *ete

Meaning: elder relative

Turkic: ata/ete

Mongolian: echige

Tungus-Manchu: (x)eti

Korean: ata

Japanese: tete,ti

Comments: A "nursery" word, represented in all Altaic subgroups. Ramstedt compares the Mongolian form with Turkic. *eči / *eče 'elder brother', but it is obviously closer related to *ata (Mongolian *eči-ge = Turkic *ete-ke / *ata-ka). The form *ete-k`e, reflected in Turkic, Mongolian and Tungus, is probably an archaic diminutive.
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Turkic : Khan / Han ( arbitrary )

Magyar ( Hungarian language ) : Ban
 
Turkic :  Elma
 
Magyar : Alma
If Electricity Comes from Electrons ; does Morality come from Morons :|
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Turkic : Khan / Han ( arbitrary )

Magyar ( Hungarian language ) : Ban
 
Turkic :  Elma
 
Magyar : Alma
If Electricity Comes from Electrons ; does Morality come from Morons :|
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Posts: 1831 		Direct Link To This Post Posted: 14-Oct-2006 at 03:10
Proto - Altaic: *p ata

Meaning: uncultivated land, field

Old Turkic: atur
 
Modern Turkic: atyz; etyz (watered field, boundary)

Mongolian: (h)atar

Korean: pat(h)

Japanese: pata

Comments: ----
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Proto - Altaic: p at a (q)

Meaning: bottom, lower side

Old Turkic: atqa
 
Modern Turkic: atqar, atqaq, atym, atam
 
Mongolian: (h)atqu

Tungus-Manchu: pata, pataqa

Korean: patok

Japanese: pata

Comments: In Korean, perhaps also Modern Korean pathuŋ 'step (of stairs)', ptúr 'staircase', 'yard'. The original meaning was no doubt 'bottom', 'bottom side', with a subsequent development > 'bottom of hand or foot' > 'sole, palm' in the Western Altaic region. In Turkic and Mongolian such a semantic change was probably favoured by a contamination with yet another Proto Altaic root, 'p et' 'to pinch' , so that the final meaning resulted in 'take a handful, clutch'.

Edited by gok_toruk - 16-Oct-2006 at 06:55
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Proto - Altaic:  *ech o

Meaning: be weak, exhausted

Old Turkic: ach
 
Modern Turkic:  ach, as (hunger)

Tungus-Manchu: eche

Korean: ech

Japanese: eter

Comments: The parallel seems reliable despite tone discrepancy between Turkic and Tungusic, on the one hand, and Korean - Japanese, on the other.
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Proto - Altaic: p ad 

Meaning: sober, attentive

Old Turkic: ad
 
Modern Turkic: ayil, adin (1 to sober up 2 sober, conscious)

Mongolian: hada / hadi

Comments: ------
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Proto - Altaic: agi

Meaning: poison

Old Turkic: aghu
 
Modern Turkic: awu, awa (1 poison 2 musk)

Mongolian: egede

Tungus-Manchu: xaq

Comments: The Manchu form is isolated in TM, but seems to be reliable.
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Proto - Altaic: p alŋa (-e)

Meaning: palm (of hand)

Turkic: aya (-n)

Mongolian: haligha(n)

Tungus-Manchu: palŋa

Korean: par

Comments: Note that Manchu Tungus forms meaning 'foot, sole' should be certainly kept apart: palgha). The Mongolian - Tungusic match here seems impeccable, and borrowing is excluded. The Turkic form presents problems with a unique cluster development *-lŋ- > *-ln- > -n-, but still is probably the reflex of the same root. The Korean form may belong here if we suppose a secondary semantic development 'palm' > 'handful' > 'armful'.
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Proto - Altaic: anu

Meaning: moon; (moon cycle), year

Turkic: ay

Mongolian: oy

Tungus-Manchu: anŋa

Comments: ----------
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Posts: 2800 		Direct Link To This Post Posted: 14-Oct-2006 at 08:59
Great workThumbs Up
 
Its very interesting, thanks.
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How's it going Bulldog?
 
Proto - Altaic: eŋ

Meaning: to think, understand

Turkic: aŋ; aŋla; aŋna; aŋar (1 to understand 2 intelligence 3 to hear 4 to discern )

Mongolian: aŋuda-la

Tungus-Manchu: eŋe

Japanese: eme-p-

Comments: The Japanese word poses some problems: its accent does not correspond to Turkic length, and if we reconstruct *eŋo, Proto Turkic should have a closed *ạ. It is worth while therefore to consider other explanations of Japanese *eme-p-: e. g. compare it with Mongolian *oyun 'thought' and reconstruct a separate protoform like *uno.
 
Mongolian aŋ-ira- 'to know, understand' < Turkic Siberian languages (aŋ-sira- with the affix of incomplete verb quality); Mongolian aŋqar- < Turk. *āŋ-gar-.
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Proto - Altaic: p ara

Meaning: to be tired

Turkic: ar- (1 to be tired, exhausted 2 to become lean)

Mongolian: (h)ari-

Tungus-Manchu: paru

Korean: parh

Japanese: pata

Comments: -----
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Posts: 1831 		Direct Link To This Post Posted: 16-Oct-2006 at 06:41
Proto - Altaic: era

Meaning: to go astray, mistake

Old Turkic: ar
 
Modern Turkic: az, as, or

Mongolian: ereu

Tungus-Manchu: er(e)

Korean: eryi-b

Japanese: ara

Comments: Mongolian:Tungus:Korean. Mongolian and Turkic have also suffixed forms that may belong to the same root (with front / back vowel variation): Mongolian. archaa- 'to quarrel, argue'; ers- 'to rival, compete'; Turkic *ersi- 'mean, nasty'; perhaps also Mongolian *arila- 'to disappear, vanish'.
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Proto - Altaic: p era

Meaning: bee

Turkic: ari, hari, aru

Mongolian: herbekei

Tungus-Manchu: pere

Korean: per

Japanese: pati

Comments: ---
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Proto - Altaic: p iori

Meaning: back, West

Turkic: ar-t (1 back 2 mountain pass)

Mongolian: horo-ne

Tungus-Manchu: perki-n/purki-n

Japanese: pintari

Comments: The Japanese match is somewhat dubious semantically (possible if one assumes 'left' < 'West') and has an irregular low tone.

Edited by gok_toruk - 16-Oct-2006 at 06:47
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Proto - Altaic: p et(e)

Meaning: name, to call

Turkic: at

Tungus-Manchu: pete

Korean: peri/peru

Japanese: peta-ya

Comments: The parallel seems interesting (with a semantic development 'call' < > 'name' > 'omen', 'fate'), but back *a in Turkic is not quite clear (one should rather expect *et); perhaps we should reconstruct dialectal variants *p ete / *p eta. 
Sajaja bramani totari ta, raitata raitata, radu ridu raitata, rota.
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Proto - Altaic: anda

Meaning: to do wrong; to accuse, tease

Old Turkic: at-alch

Modern Turkic: adash, adas

Mongolian: anda

Tungus-Manchu: (x)an(d)u

Japanese: ana

Comments: A different etymology of the Japanese form seems less probable because of an obvious parallelism between the Japanese and Manchu Tungus forms.
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Proto - Altaic: mach a 

Meaning: to fast, hunger

Old Turkic: bachaq (Old Uighur documents)

Mongolian: machaq

Tungus-Manchu: machu

Japanese: matur

Comments: Mongolian machag cannot be of Turkic; it is also difficult to suppose Manchu machixi (especially the verb machu-) to be from Mongolian machag. The root thus seems to be reconstructable for Proto Altaic, with the meaning approx. "to fast, hunger with religious purposes".

Edited by gok_toruk - 16-Oct-2006 at 06:58
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Proto - Altaic: pada

Meaning: to spread; flag, standard

Old Turkic: bad-raq/bad-ruq
 
Modern Turkic: batraq, bayraq
 
Mongolian: bad-

Tungus-Manchu: pad-

Japanese: pata

Comments: Clauson's hypothesis about borrowing from Sanskrit is unfounded because Sanskrit lacks anything similar.
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