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snowybeagle
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Topic: Your countrys capital cities Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 12:51 |
Please share about the capital city or cities of your country.
How did it become the capital city?
If your country has more than 1 capital city: e.g., different cities for summer/winter, official/legislative/executive/judiciary, dual-state etc, share how it came about.
Does your country has any former capital cities (e.g., St. Petersburgh and Moscow for Russia, too many to list for China) ? Share any geopolitical changes that led to the present one.
Last question - do you think in a world connected by electronics, the need for a designated city as a capital will still exist in the future?
As for me, I am from Singapore and Singapore has only one city.
Edited by snowybeagle
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eaglecap
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 13:14 |
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Yiannis
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 13:31 |
Olympia! I wasn't aware that this disctrict is called such...
Is it like a county?
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The basis of a democratic state is liberty. Aristotle, Politics
Those that can give up essential liberty to obtain a temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. Benjamin Franklin
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Mangudai
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 13:33 |
Stockholm was founded as a castle in the mid 13th century to protect the entrance of Lake Mlaren, who often was visited by pirates from the Baltics. It also became an important trading port and centre for goverment. But it was first in the early 17th century that the city officially was declared capital
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Guests
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 13:41 |
Amsterdam is the Dutch capital, but that's only in name. All
governmental buildings (parliament, ministries, the queen's palace) are
in The Hague.
I'm not sure, but IIRC Amsterdam became the Dutch capital in 1808, when
the Netherlands were a French puppet state called Kingdom of Holland.
In 1808 king Louis Napoleon Bonaparte moved his residence from The
Hague to Amsterdam (he also stayed a few months in Utrechts). When the
Dutch souverainity was restored Amsterdam stayed the capital, although
the government was in the Hague.
Edited by MixcoatlToltecahtecuhtli
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Cyrus Shahmiri
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 14:14 |
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tzar
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 14:33 |
Capitals?! Ho ho we have many capitals! - the majors are Pliska, Preslav,Ohrid, Tarnovo, Sofia. And some other like Prespa, Vidin, Kaliakra, Plovdiv. Are they enough?!
First Bulgarian kingdom capitals
Pliska is capital from 681 to 927
Preslav was chosen for capital from Simeon I and was capital untill the beginning of the next century
Ohrid also was bulgarian capital but untill when I don't know . When byzantine emperor Joan conquered Preslav, Ohrid was chosen to be next one. So here is it
After Ohrid for short time capital was Prespa - no pic was found!
Second Bulgarian kingdom - untill end of Ivan Aleksandar's ruling capital was Tarnovgrad, now Great Tarnovo
After Aleksandar's death Bulgaria has been disintegrated on 3 parts with capitals Vidin, Tarnovgrad, Kaliarka
Vidin:
Third Bulgarian kingdom
After Bulgarian liberation from Ottoman yoke and according to Berlin treaty, Bulgaria was divided on two pieces - Kniazaestvo Bulgaria /Principality Bulgaria/ with capital Sofia and East Rumelia with capital Plovdiv. After the unification of these two parts and after short argument /typically Bulgarian/ for capital is chosen Sofia (1878- ).
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eaglecap
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 14:47 |
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Capt. Lubber
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Posted: 05-Mar-2005 at 15:45 |
Oslo is the current capital, has been so since the reign of Haakon the good (1300-1319). The sagas say it was founded by Harald Hardrada (the one who died at Stamford Bridge), in 1048. But diggings have uncovered that the city is older. Before this anywhere the king resided would be considered capital( ), although not officially. Bergen and Trondheim both were inofficial capitals in the medieval ages.
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Loke, Attila, the grete conqueror,
Deyde in his sleep, with shame and dishonour,
Bleedinge ay at the nose in dronkenesse,
A captayin shoulde live in sobrenesse
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Tobodai
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Posted: 06-Mar-2005 at 02:23 |
AMericas capital: sad building 100% hobos and beauracrats, not evne a very big city, shouldnt even be the captial...makes me sad
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"the people are nothing but a great beast...
I have learned to hold popular opinion of no value."
-Alexander Hamilton
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Guests
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Posted: 06-Mar-2005 at 06:24 |
Berlin was founded in the 13th century. Back then, it only was a small village of fishing and farming. At that time, there was nothing like a united Germany but instead, there were numerous tiny German kingdoms and duchies. Berlin became the capital of the kingdom of Prussia. Over the centuries, Prussia became the most powerful of the German kingdoms (besides Austria), and so Berlin was of growing importance. Then Otto von Bismarck, a Prussian, united Germany in 1871. Berlin became the capital of Germany. After 1945, Germany was divided in to zones of occupation. Berlin lay in the Soviet zone and was yet again quartered itself. In 1949, East Germany and West Germany were founded. Berlin was divided into East Berlin and West Berlin. East Germany took East Berlin as its capital. West Germany had a problem, as it would have been impossible to make West Berlin the capital, as it was in another country and always on the brink of war. People tended to make Frankfurt the new German capital, but the first chancellor, Konrad Adenauer, wanted Bonn to be the new capital of West Germany. After renunification, Berlin again became the new capital of the united Federal Republic of Germany.
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Serge L
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Posted: 06-Mar-2005 at 11:58 |
Bedfore Rome was conquered, Italy had Turin and Florence as capitals, for a short time. There is no more than that, however
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Dawn
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Posted: 06-Mar-2005 at 12:01 |
"In 1857, Queen Victoria was asked to settle a dispute between Quebec City, Montreal, Toronto, Kingston and Ottawa as to which city should be named Capital of the Province of Canada (made up of Upper and Lower Canada which consisted of parts of today's Provinces of Ontario and Quebec). Queen Victoria chose the City of Ottawa as the seat of the new government. Work immediately began on the new Parliament Buildings on Barrick Hill (henceforth to be Parliament Hill) and between 1859 and 1866 the Centre, East and West Blocks were built. (The latter two Blocks were known as the Eastern and Western Departmental Buildings.) One year after their completion, Ottawa became the Capital of the new Canadian Confederation composed of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick and parts of present-day Quebec and Ontario. Ottawa's population was 18,000 in an area of 760 hectares"
Relitivly new compared with most places but lovely non the less.
Edited by Dawn
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snowybeagle
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Posted: 06-Mar-2005 at 23:26 |
Originally posted by tzar
Capitals?! Ho ho we have many capitals! - the majors are Pliska, Preslav,Ohrid, Tarnovo, Sofia. And some other like Prespa, Vidin, Kaliakra, Plovdiv. Are they enough?
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Hi, That's quite a list. But it would be even more interesting if you could share some of the histories behind them.
For example - China,
The present day capital of PRC, Beijing, traced its origins to the State of Yan during the Warring States Era from 5th century BC to 221 BC, when it was known as Ji (one of the many names it would have in history). The State of the Yan was the northernmost civilised state that survived until just prior to the State of Qin unified the others.
After unification under Qin dynasty (221-206 B.C.) and Han dynasty (206 B.C.-AD 220), the epicentre of the empire moved to the Central Plains, with Chang An (present-day Xi An) and Luo Yang as capitals for several centuries. Luo Yang had been a capital during the the Zhou dynasty and commanded strong respect for traditionalists and orthodoxy in the Chinese psyche. Chang An was built by the first emperor of the Han dynasty because it was ideally located with strategic mountain passes for defence, the hinterland of SiChuan for food production and it was upriver from the vassal lords - the Imperial army could sail downstream to quell rebellions.
During the Age of the Three Kingdoms (AD 220-280), Chang An and Luo Yang were devastated by civil wars. The northern Wei kingdom had its base in Xu Chang though Luo Yang remained officially the capital. The southern Wu kingdom built a new city Shou Chun/Jian Ye (forerunner of present day Nanjing) near the site of old capital of the state of Wu from the Warring States era. The western Shu kingdom established ChengDu as its capital. The (Western) Jin dynasty (A.D. 265-316) which reunified the country had its capital in the revived Luo Yang.
Nomadic tribes of various ethnic groups overran northern China, all the way to the Yellow River, heralding the start of the Sixteen Kingdoms era in the northern half of the country. Numerous states established in the north used many former capital cities of the states from the Warring States Era. Meanwhile, the remnant of the Jin dynasty entrenched itself in the south, renaming Jian Ye as Jiang Kang for its capital.
Eventually, the country was reunified by the Sui dynasty (A.D. 581-618) from the north, and the capital returned to Chang An. It remained capital during the Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-907) which succeeded the Sui.
After the fall of the Tang came the period known as Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (A.D. 907-960) - when central China was ruled by a series of Five dynasties, and the rims of the country divided into ten principal states. During this time, due to devastation of the former capitals, a new capital was established at Kai Feng. It was built on the site of Da Liang, which served as the capital of the State of Wei from the Warring States era. It continued to serve as capital for the (Northern) Song dynasty (A.D. 960-1279).
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms era, the northern state of Han presented numerous territories, of which present-day Beijing was part of, to the Khitan state of Liao. This gave the Khitans a northern foothold in China proper and led to numerous hostilities with the Song dynasty. Allying with the Jurchens (forerunner of the later Manchus), the Khitans were crushed. But the Jurchens turned against their allies, the Song dynasty, and conquered the northern half of China. The remnant of the Song dynasty fled south, establishing the Southern Song Dynasty (A.D. 1127-1279) with capital in Lin An, present day Hang Zhou.
The Jurchens established their new capital at Da Xing, present day Beijing.
Both the Jurchen state and the Southern Song were eventually conquered by the Mongols who established the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1271-1368). The first Yuan emperor, Kublai Khan, named his capital Da Du at present day Beijing.
The Mongols were overthrown by ethnic Hans who established the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368-1644)) and their capital at Nanjing. The third Ming emperor shifted the capital north back to Beijing in order to better deal with the Mongols, and also because it was the seat of his principality before usurping the throne from his nephew, the second emperor of Ming.
When Manchus successfully invaded China, they made Beijing their second capital after their original capital at Mudken, known as Shen Yang today. The Manchus founded the Qing dynasty (AD 1644-1911).
The Chinese revolution which overthrew the Manchus had its capital at first at Nanjing, then Beijing, when Yuan ShiKai became president, then at Nanjing again, under the Republic of China. The northern part of the country was fractured into territories controlled by military warlords. When the Japanese invaded, the ROC moved the capital inland, first to Xi An, then to Chong Qing.
After WW2, the capital returned back to Nanjing.
After the victory of the Chinese Communist Party over the KMT, the capital returned to Beijing.
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Cyrus Shahmiri
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Posted: 07-Mar-2005 at 09:33 |
20 of Capitals in Irans:
Ardabil: Safavid Empire
Ecbatana: Median Empire, Achaemenid Empire
Hecatompylos: Parthian Empire
Gorgan: Zeyarid Empire
Isfahan: Seljuk Empire, Safavid Empire
Istakhr: Sassanid Empire
Kazvin: Safavid Empire
Maragheh: Ilkhanid Mongol Empire
Mashhad: Afsharid Empire
Neishabur: Tahirid Empire, Seljuk Empire, Khwarezm-Shah Empire
Pasargadae: Achaemenid Empire
Persepolis: Achaemenid Empire
Rey: Seljuk Empire
Sari: Qajar Empire
Shiraz: Buyid Empire, Zand Empire
Sultanieh: Ilkhanid Mongol Empire
Susa: Elamite Empire, Achaemenid Empire
Tabriz: Armenian Empire, Ilkhanid Mongol Empire, Ak Koyunlu Empire, Kara Koyunlu Empire, Safavid Empire
Tehran: Qajar Empire, Pahlavi, IRI
Zaranj: Saffarid Empire
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Frederick Roger
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Posted: 07-Mar-2005 at 14:15 |
Portugal is currently on its 4th capital city, which was also the second.
Coimbra was the first capital of independent Portugal in 1143.
Lisbon took its place in 1255.
In 1808 the King fled the country for the colony of Brazil, leaving the general staff with them, thus transfering the capital to Rio de Janeiro.
He returned in 1822, giving Lisbon again its position as Capital of Portugal to this day.
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Temujin
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Posted: 07-Mar-2005 at 15:17 |
Originally posted by Serge L
Bedfore Rome was conquered, Italy had Turin and Florence as capitals, for a short time. There is no more than that, however |
what about the italian kingdom in the middle ages (capital Pavia) or the Italian puppet kingdom of napoleon (capital Milano)?
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Jalisco Lancer
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Posted: 07-Mar-2005 at 15:25 |
Ciudad de Mexico.
However, during the XIX some other cities were appointed as provisional capitals as Veracruz, Guadalajara, San Luis Potosi, Chihuahua City and Paso del Norte ( Juarez City ).
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Quetzalcoatl
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Posted: 07-Mar-2005 at 19:37 |
The sagas say it was founded by Harald Hardrada (the one who died at Stamford Bridge), in 1048 |
1066 actually.
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Capt. Lubber
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Posted: 08-Mar-2005 at 02:34 |
Originally posted by Quetzalcoatl
The sagas say it was founded by Harald Hardrada (the one who died at Stamford Bridge), in 1048 |
1066 actually. |
I don't know why i wrote that number. You are right of course.
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Loke, Attila, the grete conqueror,
Deyde in his sleep, with shame and dishonour,
Bleedinge ay at the nose in dronkenesse,
A captayin shoulde live in sobrenesse
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