As we mentioned in chapter 3 when we were discussing critics objections to our Potiphera & Ra-hotep/Hotep-ra possible match we need to give some evidences that show that our match is possible and the criticisms may not be right. We did not have space in the chapter where we were talking about Potiphera to post our extensive lists of examples, so we said we would post them in an appendix at the end of the book. This topic also touches on some of the other proposed possible names matches in other dynasties chapters too such as Goshen & Er-ges-her, etc. So here are some lists of examples that may support our names matches:
Variant meanings of names elements: hotep "peace, content, satisfied, rest, ease, appeased, expiated, pleased, joyous, offering". Jacob "may god/El protect" or "supplant, usurp, heel-catcher" Huni/Huny "smitter, hewer" Israel "struggled/power with god" or "man friend of god" or "pagan god Isra + El/god". Zaphenath-paneah "revealer of secrets", "cover-uncover", "(the) god speaks, [and] he lives", "governor of the district of (the (place of) life/living one", "saviour/preserver of the age/world", "healer of the world", "the one who furnishes the sustenance of the land", "the powerful governor of Egypt", "a fruitful vine", "the one who furnishes the nourishment of life", "my provision is god", "the nourisher of the 2 lands", "sustainer of life", "bread giver of life", "stored beautiful rest", "to hide, store up", "the one who has godlike wisdom", "he/she who is called"? ["the all comely"?] Sekhemkhet "powerful body", "might/powerful (of/in the) pervading/spread/through-out", "might/powerful (of/in the) body" / "grey haired ruler over all", "Grey haired Son of a foreigner ruling overall"? Sekhem "power, might" / "grey haired" / "to prevail" / "shut place, imprison" / "secret shrine", or, "vital force", "scepter", "to have power", "(noun) a power", "the perogative of divine beings and not used by humans", or, "most holy place". Zephon/zapuna/saphon/saponi "north". Zerah "dawn/eastern/sunrise/rising" or "station/laggard/delay" or "mountain goat" or "moon". Imhotep "he/the-one (who) comes in peace", or "the voice (or mouth) of Im"? Goshen "drawing near" or "place of light/plenty/comfort", (called the "best of the land").
Cases of hotep byself: There is a god Hotep/Hetep according to Massey, There is a Mt Hetep according to some. Hetepi (Rennutet) mother/nurse of Amenemhet 4.
Cases of other elements of Egyptian names at either end or way around: Khasekhem(wy) & Sekhemkhet, Sekhemre, Skhm-iry. Redjedef & Djedefptah Neferhotep, Nefertitit & Sneferu.
Cases of Ra/Re/Phra first & hotep 2nd/last: Ra-ho’tep/Ra-het’ep/Rahotpu.
Cases of Egyptian names read/written/spoken either way around Re-seqenen &/or Seqenen-re, Raneb &/or Nebra, Re-hesy &/or Hesy-ra/Hesira, Ra-sxm-wah-xaw &/or Sxm-ra-wah-xaw, Re-djedef &/or Djedef-re, Heru-tataf &/or Djedef-hor, Raufu &/or Ufura? Rakhaf/Ra-khu.f/Ra-xaw.f &/or Khaf-re/Xaw.f-Ra/Chephren Raneferef & Neferefre Ra-ho’tep/Ra-het’ep &/or Hotepra/Hetepre/Hotepre (17th dyn), Ra-amon &/or Amun-ra, Amen-tutankh &/or Tutankh-amen, [Osar-siph &/or Se-osiris?] Usert-sen &/or Sen-usret/Sesostris, Nar-mer(za) &/or Meri-nar/Maneros, Maat-en-re &/or Nema(at)re/Labari, Hotepibre &/or Ib-hetep-re (Khamudy/Hyksos) Niuserre & Userenre (5th dyn) Re-aa-hetep/A-ra-hotep/’Htp-3-R’/Aa-hetep-re/Ra-hetep_a. Djeser-ty_Ankh_Nebty &/or Nebti_Djoser-ty_Ankh (Khnum-)Khufu / (Hnmw-)Hfw / (Noh-)S(o)uphis &/or H-wj=f-w(j) (-Hnmw) / Saophis Comastes? Khufu is drawn/written/read in inscription photograph as bird top left, disk (kh) top right, snake (f) in middle, bird bottom, all pointing right, which Bey draws with disk on left and bird on right and all pointing left. nswt_h(u)/niswt(_)h/nswt-h/nisuteh/njswt_h(w)/niswteh & swtenh?
Cases of names elements both ways around: Elijah & Joel Jonathan &/or Nathanias, J(eh)o-hanan &/or Hanan-iah, El-nathan &/or Nathana-el, El-hanan &/or Hananeel/Han(n)iel, Baal-hanan & Hanni-bal Theodora/diodorus &/or Dorothea Little John & John Little.
Possible cases of reversal/transposition between Egyptian & Biblical: Jacob & Khufwey/Khufu/Cheops? Mareshah (Zerah/Asa) & Shalama (Ramses 2) Potiphera (Joseph) & Rahotep (3rd dyn) Goshen & Sokhem (if Goshen is not Giza)?
Cases of reading/writing different ways/directions: Some read sentences/books left to right, some read right to left. The sun changed directions of travel 2 x 2 times in Egyptian history. Gibberish is words backwards. Egyptians called Palestine the "upside down land" because Jordan runs different direction to Nile. "Inverted nuns". Some people right handed, some left handed. Some drive/turn/giveway on right side of road, some on left side. Sumerians had feminine then masculine, Akkadians had masculine then feminine. Indians devas & asuras, Iranians ahuras/ameshas & devas. Left hand path & right hand path. Esoteric & exoteric. We have north as up/top, Egyptians had south as up/top. 3 pyramids inverted match of 3 stars Orions belt. Water runs down plug hole opposite ways in N & S hemispheres.
Cases of variant readings/writings/drawings of hieroglyphic words/names/sentences: Kh-u-f-u/Kh-u-f-wey/H-wj=f-w(j)/Cheops is variously written/drawn as either: in inscription photograph it is bird top left, disk (kh) top right, snake (f) in middle, bird bottom, all pointing right, which Bey draws with disk on left and bird on right and all pointing left, while in Clayton's drawing it is disk top left, snake bottom left and bottom middle, bird top middle, bird right all pointing left.
Real or claimed cases of metathesis/transposition/spoonerisms of letters/consonants/syllables: Zaphenath-paneah & Zat-en-aph / Zat(h)nap(h) / S-t-n-p_p-'-n-h. Zaphenath-paneah & pa Za p nat neah.
Cases of p-/pi-/pr- "the" or "city" in front: Potiphera/Potiphar? Phra/Ra/Re, Palmanothes/Amenemhat, Phamenoph/Amenophis/Memnon Pharaoh? Phruron, Busiris, Buto, Pithom, Paneah/Ankh? Pa-ra-hotep, Pyramid? Pothinus? Ptolemy/Tolomaeus? Paneb? Pemphos?, Pa-ra-messu/Ramses 1, Pa-di-imen, Pa-di-pa-ra, Pa-rin-bara?
Egyptian names read with/without an A- in front: Akhet or Khut Akhenaten or Khunaton Djosertety or Zoser-atoti.
Egyptian names with/without a -y/j or a dj- : Kh-u-f-u or Cheops or Kh-u-f-wey or H-wj=f-w(j) Djoser or Ser/Seris/Soris/Surid/Saurid Intef or Inyotef?
Possible cases of the divine name or other elements not spoken/written: Agur (ben Jakeh) & Akhen-aten/Khu-n-aten? Susakim/Shishak (&/or Ucal?) & Tutankh-amen? Jacob & Jacob-el & Yaqub-har. (Hnmw-) Hfw / H-wj=f-w(j) (-Hnmw) / (Khnum-) Khufu.
Cases of n/l or r/l or d/r or s/z or s/sh interchange: Salatis or Sanati (Weigall) Dodanim or Rodanim
Cases of seeming Re/Ra & ren interchange: Khafre & Chephren.
Cases of punned/altered/corrupted names: Roger Godberd & Robin Hood. Excalibur & Eggscalibur. Jacob & Kocab. John Le Tall & John Little?
Cases of alternative readings/values of elements of Egyptian/Sumerian names: Kha-sekhem(wy) or Kha-neri. (sekhem or neri or aba?) [Ta-Seti or Ta-Khentit?]
Cases of equated/interchanged gods: Horapollo. Set-Anubis. Dionysus = Osiris. Atum & Ra/Re. Amun & Ra/Re. Ptah-Seker-Osiris. Set & Seth. Thoth & (3rd) Hermes (Trismegistus). Set & (1st) Hermes Shu vs Antwey = Hercules vs Antaeus? Shu = Atlas. Ru = Atlas. Zeus/Jupiter = Ammon.
Cases of abbreviations/nicknames: Jacob & Jake/Jack/Cob? Abraham & Abe Joseph & Joe/Joey/Jose Joshua & Josh Tutankhamen & Tut Amenhotep & Ameny/Huy David & Dav/Dave/Dewi/Davy Robert & Robin & Rob/Robby/Bert
Same meanings names: Jacob(-el) "may god/El protect" & Yaqub-har "god Har watches over" & (Khnum-)Khufu "protected (by Khnum)" Ra-mses & Se-ra/Sa-re "son of the sun (god Ra/Re)"?
Same names different places: Albion, Alba/Albany/DrumAlban, Alps/Alpine, Albania (Balkans), Albania (Caucasus), New ..., Ialebion. Caerleon, Chester. Babylon/Babel, Babylon/Rome, Babylon 5, Sowdon of Babylon, Babylon/Cairo/Giza.
Different names same places/persons: Yhwh Elohim Adonai Abba God Lord. Jesus Christ Messiah Lord Rabbi Emmanuel LionofJudah Rome EternalCity Babylon Saturnia Janiculum Angerona (Vatican). England Loegria (Albion). NZ Aotearoa Statenland Avaikitautau Godzone. Egypt Aeria Mizraim UAR Tameri Ham Rahab fieldofTanis. India Bharata SagKushi (Aryavarta) SouthAsia. Ethiopia Cush Abyssinia India. Sphinx, Hu, Horemkhu/Harmachis (Djedefre or Khafre). Goshen, land of Ramses. Latopolis, Sokhem.
Moses/Moshe/Musa names before 19th dynasty: Mesochris (3rd dyn) Moscheres & Mosthes of Eratosthenes king list Mesehti (prince/general, 11th dyn)? Wehem-meswet (12th dyn); Mes in pectoral of Sit-hathor-yunet (12th dyn) NetcherMesut (Sesostris3, 12th dyn) "Moeris" (12th dyn) Amenemes (12th)? Armiyses (before or in 13th dyn, Book of Sothis king list)? Rameses/Ramesomenes/Ramesseseos/Ramessameno/Ramesse (before/in 13th dyn, Book of Sothis king list) Mermesha/Imryemeshaw (13th dyn) Tutimaeus/Dudimose/I-m-s-s (13th dyn) ...mos-re (13th) Uses of Book of Sothis king list? Kamose (17th dyn) Mer(y)mose (18th dyn?) Ra-mose (prince 18 dyn?) Ahmose (18th dyn) Mesphres/Misphres Tuthmosis (18th dyn) Amelut-Sagaz-Mesh "rebel Mesh" (18th dyn) Msy 18th dynasty Amarna. Mosakayahu (Horemhab, 18th/19th dyn) Pa-ramessu/Rameses 1 (19th dyn) Amenmesse (19th dyn) (Ptah-)Messu (19 dyn) Ramses 3 (20th dyn) Amasis 2 (26th dyn) Meshwesh (22nd dyn)
Names possibly similar to Ramses before 19th dyn: The reign of the god-king Ra/Re started from the 2nd/3rd/4th/5th dynasty (Raneb, Rahotep, Reufu, Redjedef, sera/sare, Rauser, 5th dyn sun kings) Mares "gift of the sun" of Eratosthenes king list? Rayosis of Eratosthenes king list Ramses name found in 4th dyn site (ref Hoeh) Rhampsinitis before Cheops in Herodotus (some suppose it is Redjedef) Pyramid? Ri-mush (Akkadian) Moscheres of Eratosthenes? Thyosimares "mighty is the sun" of Eratostenes? Ranmaat/Nema(at)re/Labari (Labyrinth, 12th dyn)? Ramose? Pa-ramessu/Ramses 1 (19th dyn) Pi-Ramses, Ramses 2 (19th dyn).
Contradictory othodox expert scholars claims of the phonetic/syllabic/hieroglyphic reading of Zaphenath-paneah: Gd-dn(-iw.f-'nh) / Gd-ipt-nt-iw.f-'nh / Gd-p3-ntr-iw.f-'nh, or Za-p-u-nt-p-a-anch / Za-pa-v-nt-pa-aa-ankh, Z/s-p-n(-t(_p-'-n-h) or S-h-p-y-n-t-p-c-n-h, or Se(d)-p-nute(r)-ef-onh, or D'fnt / T'f(n(t)) / T'd/T'f(a) + (m)nt/p(-)nutr / T'f-nt-pankh, or Djed-pa-netjer-iw.f-ankh / D(d)-p'-nt(r)-iw.f-'nh / Dje(d)pa_nute(r)_(e)f-'ankh / D(ja)d(u)-naf_((')i)p(i)-(a)n(k)h / Dd-n.f_'ip'ankh' / D(ja)d(u)-naf / Djad_tu-naf / Djat-naf / Djed((u)-)en-ef, Dafenenas / Dafelelas?
So really i don't see that "experts" authoritative assertions that Egyptian names can be or are only read their only one set way are very concrete/definite. We see above outright proof that their claimed names meanings grammar is not only with names elements like hotep only one way around but both ways around. It is true that the names are always written with Ra/Re first ("honourific trans-position"), but the actual reading of the names is not necessarily always with Ra/Re first. All the throne names all end with -re/-ra. Also we don't see that their claims that certain interchanges are (theoretically) not phonetically possible are in any way certain proof/disproof. In some cases modern scholars readings of names and ideas of phonetic interchanges are only modern theories without ancient proof/confirmation, and as they were not there then they don't know for sure. (Also remember the similar example from physics where they claim there are "no laws", is "no truth", and shattered "reality".)