Evidences for the 12th dynasty being ca 1400s bc (not 1985-1773 bc of orthodox).
The date of the 12th dynasty has had a dates range of 3459 bc (Petrie) to 2466-2266/2233 (Bey) to 2000-1788 (Breasted, Berlin school) to 1985-1773 (Shaw, present orthodox consensus), to before 1125 (Newton) to 860 bc (Newton). Previously alot of the difference was due to uncertainty and difference in opinion on the length of the Hyksos/SIP period. The ascribed dates have stayed fairly consistent for the last hundred years based on the siriadic/sothaic dating.
Orthodox Egyptologists' only main basis for the date of the 12th dynasty is the 2 siriadic/sothaic dates records for the 12th and 18th dynasty which have calculated dates of 1872 and 1542 respectively. However, some modern orthodox sources say that the dating is "problematic" and that "recent research has eroded confidence in the siriadic/sothaic dating, questioning many of the assumptions used with the sothaic cycle" and and they "have moved away from it", though they have still basically retained the same dates. ("Redford almost completely ignores the Sothaic evidence....") Some scholars have given alternative lengths of the sothaic/siriadic cycle eg 1508 yrs, 1460 yrs, etc. One source says that if it weren't for the sothaic the dynasty wouldn’t be dated so early. There is a possibility that the 12th and 18th dynasty sothaic dates might really relate to the 3rd and 12th dynasties since these latter seem to be contemporary with Joseph (1800s) and Moses (1400s).
The sothaic date is supposedly supported by tree rings date for boat of Sesostris of 1887 +/- 11 bc, but this conflicts with other evidences and tree rings dating could have pitfalls.
Some alternative scholars make a case for Joseph (ca 1800s bc) being in the 12th dynasty matching with the orthodox dates. However there is not really anymuch matches of all the details Joseph story with the historical details of 12th dynasty times and Joseph has a far better match with the 2nd/3rd to 4th/5th dynasties than with any other period. Orthodox chronology has the patriarchs about the time of the 11th-12th dynasty. The 12th dynasty execration texts mention Shechem and Jerusalem which suggests that the patriarchs were earlier.
Herodotus said Moeris (12th dyn) was only 900 yrs before [Amasis 2 or Amyrtaeus or Herodotus], which means that the 12th dyn was not earlier than ca 1400s bc. This date might also possibly be confirmed by the 800(0) yrs bc date of Sais in the Atlantis Account, which might give us Moeris 900 yrs and Salatis 800 yrs?
The 3 gods Pan, Hercules and Dionysos in Herodotus seem to roughly match the 3 Hermes and 3 kingdoms of ancient Egypt, and Hercules of Herodotus seemingly may correspond to the 12th dynasty. 12 gods connected with the 12th dynasty? Hercules may match Sesostris (who was 6 ft tall, and erected pillars)? "Hercules is (the lunar) Chunsu", Khuns is son of Amun at Thebes, while Amun and Thebes both feature in the 12th dynasty. (Hercules could also/alternatively connect with Heracleopolitan dynasties 9 & 10) Herodotus' dates for the Egyptian Pan of 29220 yrs, Hercules of 17000 yrs and Dionysos of 15000 yrs seem to match his dates for the Greek Dionysos of 1600 yrs, Hercules of 900 yrs and Pan of 800 yrs, esp since they are all divided/multiplied by 18. This may give a date for Hercules/Sesostris of 900 yrs before Amasis 2.
"Sesonchosis/Sesortosis was 2500 years before Nilus of 1212 bc", which could possibly be decoded as Sesostris was 250 years before Nilus giving a date of ca 1462 bc for Senusret? (This might be wrong though as the quoted original source's info is probably more likely connected with Zoser of the 3rd dynasty rather than Sesostris, though it might be connected with the Senusret siriadic/sothaic date record.)
There are many evidences for Moses (ca 1400s bc) and exodus being in the 2nd half of the 12th dynasty. Moses ascribed dates range is 1700 yrs bc (Lysimachus, Josephus), to 1690/1662/1652 bc to 1580/1572/1512 bc (NWT, Mercatante) to 1491/1440 bc to 1335/1314/1300 bc (Brugsch, Mahler) to 1280/1276/1215 bc (Price, Spanuth), to 7th Olympiad (Apion). The 1300s or 1200s dates of orthodox scholars are too late as they contradict the bible having Moses 480 yrs before Solomon (1000s/900s bc), not to mention that they admit they "can't find any Joseph or Moses in Egypt" in their asigned dynasties, and the details of Exodus does not fit with the 18th or 19th dynasty and does only-best fit the 12th dynasty. * Moses could be either Mes of Sithathoryunet's pectoral, "Moeris", Amenemhat 4, Mer-mesha of the 13th dynasty, or the rebel Mesh of Amarna letters. The blue kneeling figure on the pectoral of princess Sit-hathor-yunet might possibly be Moses, especially since the pectoral's most promonent feature appears to be a Mes glyph. One will notice the wavy water symbol along the bottom of the pectoral. Egyptologists have tried to dismiss the possible match by saying that the figure is supposedly Heh with tadpole symbol for thousands of years, but this has ifs and buts. They also said that the artistic glyph combination is unprecedented in Egyptian art history, but again this is disputable and doesn't prove or disprove anything. Amenemhet 4's mothers are similar to Moses' mothers. The rebel Mesh of the Amarna letters could be a later reference to Moses a few hundred years earlier. The 12 springs of Elim in 'Exodus' may be mentioned in the 11th dyn travel manuscript of Henenu. Moses' date of 480 + c 490 yrs before Nebuchadnezzar in the bible matches Moeris 900 yrs before Amasis 2 in Herodotus. Herodotus confirmed that the chariots/horses were lost in the reign of Sesostris of 12th (or 19th) dynasty. The 12th dynasty story of Sinuhe is similar to the story the flight of Moses, and the name might even possibly be connected with Mt Sinai (or with Seir the Horite?) The 400 yrs from Hyksos king to 19th dynasty king in the San Tablet better match the 480 yrs from Moses to Solomon rather than the 430 yrs from Joseph to Moses. Some say that there were found babies coffins underneath houses at [Lahun or Kahun] which may match the killing of babies in Exodus (refs David Down, etc). We know from Exodus that the Hebrews made mud bricks for the Egyptians, and it is seen that mud brick buildings were most prominent in the FIP and Middle Kingdom. The pectoral of queen Mereret possibly shows Hebrew slaves. Senusret capturing Nubian women in a campaign might possibly connect with Moses Ethiopian wife? Exodus says it was a new king that knew not Joseph, which may match that the 12th is a new dynasty in a different new kingdom to Joseph in the Old Kingdom. Some have suggested that Palmanothes the pharaoh of the exodus in Artapanus might be Amenemhat. (Compare Phamenoph = Amenophis?)
Velikovsky gave evidence that the exodus plagues may match with the Ipuwer papyrus. Scholars agree the the 19th dynasty papyrus is a copy of "a manuscript a few centuries older", and the literary/linguistic/philological spelling is that not of the new kingdom (though Velikovsky says Sethe ascribed its composition to then) but of the middle kingdom or a date "back ... as far as possible". The papyrus tells of an Asiatic invasion, and scholars suggested that the story fits either the FIP (7th-11th dyns) or the SIP (13th-17th dyns), but there is no invasion of Asiatics in the FIP (though Clayton etc mention that there wer esome Asiatics in Egypt then). There are references to great houses and these became obsolete in or soon after the Middle Kingdom.
Joshua's Jericho in Kenyon's stratigraphy seems to match the MBA strata not the misdated Iron Age strata. Jericho an important place in MBA. MBA walls. MBA debris. "The great wall surrounding it [Jericho] fell in an earthquake shortly after the end of the Middle Kingdom." "the great walls of the city [Jericho] fell a few decades after the end of the Middle Kingdom". Joshua's sun standing still of ca 1393 bc has been corresponded with the long night of Peruvian/Bolivian which has an ascribed date of 1650 (Hoeh) to 1400/1394/1391 bc (Sitchin, Alford).
The 3 Hermes Set, Shu/Num & Thoth may match the "3 reincarnations Seth [Shem], Moses & Samuel" and roughly match the 3 kingdoms Old, Middle & New, which would confirm Moses is in the Middle Kingdom. Shu = air = Amun? Some have compared the el-Arish inscription with the exodus story, and this inscription also mentions Shu and seems to confirm our match of Moses and Shu (and the 12th dynasty / Middle Kingdom). (Among the parallels between the Arish inscription and 'Exodus' are: Pi-Kharoti in the Arish account may match Pihahiroth of exodus.)Shu vs Antwey = Hercules vs Antaeus.
The Thera eruption might possibly be connected with the exodus. This event has a date range of 1628/1627/1620-600 (carbon dating) to 1610/1600 (carbon dating) to mid 16th cent (2012 compromise date) to 1525 (Mavor) to (before) 1500 bc (traditional archaeology, Mavor) to 1475/1470 (Mavor) to 1440 (Mavor) to 14th (Mavor) to 13th cents (Mavor) in orthodox chronology. (There is a century difference between the carbon date and the archaeological date. The dates are orthodox chronology dates though so they would be too old/early. I might be wrong about this Thera point though because it is supposed to be contemporary with 18th dynasty and i assume that they must have ash or other evidence for when it was? Mavor said there was a slim chance that the eruption could have occured 1-2 centuries later, or the eruption could have occured before 1500 bc and continued into the 14th and 13th centuries. Compton does have Thera contemporary with the Ipuwer papyrus and the Hyksos/SIP.)
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* Moses and/or the exodus has variously been suggested to have been in either the 4th dyn (someone based on Koran), 5th dyn (Hoeh), 6th dyn (Courville), 12th dyn (Down, Rohl, me), 13th dyn (Hoeh, Rohl, Velikovsky), 17th dyn, 18th dyn (Boysen, Wyatt), 19th dyn (orthodox), 19th-20th dyn (Osarsiph/Arsu), 24th dyn (Bocchoris). This shows that wider range of when Moses could be in Egyptian history rather than just the restricted orthodox asserted ascribed date dynasty.