mainstream orthodox academic Arthurian theory: "no one view" [but nevertheless is/are common ideas], "Arthur romped nowhere", "Nennius' list composite compilation". 1 glen river (northumberland or lincoln); 2/2-5 lincoln [and/or douglas "blue black"?]; 3 stumps everyone; 4/7 caledonian (arthuret) &/or goddeu/achren; 5/8 vinovia?; 6/9 chester or caerleon (or york?); 7/10 firth of forth (manau); 8/11 edinburgh &/or bremenium &/or brewyn; [ 9/12 Badbury/Barbury or Bath or Salinae or ...; 10/13(a) Camboglanna or ...; 10/13(b) Glastonbury or Annwn or Emain or ...; ] 14 arthuret (caerwinley/carlisle).
north/orthodox/Brynjulfson's theory: 1 Glen (Northumberland), 2/2-5 Lincoln?, 3/6 Northumbria?, 4/7 Caledonian, 5/8 Vinovia, 6/9 Chester, 7/10 Firth of Forth/Manau/Picts, 8/11 Edinburgh/Eidyn, 9/12 Saxons/"extreme southern part of island" / Badbury/Bath?.
Brynjulfson's theory: [southern one-quarter of the island] / extreme southern part of the island. 1[Glen (Northumberland)], 3/6 unidentified, 4/7 northeast/caledonian (scotland), 5/8 [Vinovia near Antonine wall] / AC Badon, 6/9 [Chester], 7/10 Forth of Firth / Picts of Manaw (betw Edinburgh & Stirling), 8/11 Mt Eidyn / Edinburgh castle (Midlothian) / Brewyn, 9/12(a/b) unknown / extreme southern part of england / southwest / (Badbury / Banbury) Dorset / 2nd Badon site / an area reached by Saxons in 516 & not conq by Saxons in 665 / extra stuck on end; 13 eliminated.
a couple/few articles on 12 battles: "[battles go from north(east) to middle to south(west)]".*
Our 1st noticed SS matches (which for months/year/years made us totally discard SS as candaidate because not in order, only some, & not where we thought, until accidentally redirected to it) : 3/6 Reculver (Baetasiorum/Bassa) 5/8 Garianonum/Yarmouth 6/9 Rutupiae/Richborough (legio augusta) 9/12 Branodunum/Brancaster (10/13 Sutton Hoo.)
Sean B.'s/my/our Saxon Shore forts discovery/thesis/theory: [0 Tintagel ~ Thanet/Richborough?;] 1 Gariannonum/burgh/casitor/Yarmouth, 2/2-5 Othona/Blackwater, 3/6 Reculver (Baetasiorum/Bassa) ("Bensington"), 4/7 Weald ("Caledonian")/Kit's Coty, 5/8 Dover (white) ("Egonesham"), 6/9 Rutupi/Richborough (legio ii Augusta) (Liganburh), 7/10 Lemanis (previously considered Twyford/Yalding), 8/11 Anderida/pevensey/Caburn/ Hastings; [pre-9/pre-12 Sarum;] 9/12 (a) Adurni/Portchester &/or Bitterne/Clausentum/Southampton ("Beranbury"/"Pontesbury", "Bath"?); [9/12 (b) Wibbandune (synod victory)?;] 10/13 (a) Richborough or Sutton hoo, & 10/13 (b) Reculver/Afarnach's/Levitating Altar; 14 Arthur of Guinnion or Andredes weald or Arderit or Anderida. [Leeks ~ Staffordshire Hoard (Lichfield)?]
McHardy's theory: 1 Glen (near Loudon, Ayrshire), 2/2-5 Douglas (Lennox) or Douglas Water (Glenbuck near Muirkirk in Ayrshire, Tinto hill, Clyde not far from Lanark), 3/6 Dunipace (Falkirk), 4/7 Ett(e)rick forest/Newark Castle, 5/8 Stow-of-Wedale (Gala Water), 6/9 Dumbarton, 7/10 Forth / carse of Stirling, 8/11 Edinburgh, 9/12 Bowden Hill (Linlithgow); 10/13 Camelon (near Falkirk on the Forth).
"Thom Green's" (really a she not a "he"): 1 glen Lincs; 2/2-5 lincoln.
E Ekwall's: 1 confluence of Glen & Till.
Dan/August Hunt's newer theory: all along Dere Street: 1 Glen (& Till, Northumberland), 2/2-5 Devil's Water/Linnels (near Corbridge), 3/6 Bassington (Northumberland), 4/7 Clyde & Tweed/Calder/Caledonian (ne of Moffat Hills, Lowland Scotland), 5/8 Binchester, 6/9 York, 7/10 Catterick* / Broken Hook (Avon near the Antonine Wall), 8/11 Bremenium (High Rochester) / Thornborough Hill/Catterick?, 9/12 Buxton (High Peak) (Pontesbury*), 10/13 Camboglanna/Camelon (Castlesteads, Hadrian's Wall), 10/13 Aballava?
DanHunt's: 1 Glein~Glenriver 2/2-5 Dubglas~Douglasriver 3/6 Bassas~puzzle 4/7 Celidon~Scotland 5/8 Guinnion~"whitecastle"(nexttoArthurshiels, EastLothian/Borders, ScottishLowlands), or HillofFinavon(nearAberlemno), [or Vinovium/Binchester] 6/9 Legions~puzzle/troubling 7/10 Tribruit~Tre(f)-frew/FrewTown or FordsofFrewbyStirlingManauGododin 8/11 Agned~AuchendinnyHill/Achadh_na_Dind(gna)(swofEdinburgh) 9/12 Badon~puzzle, or Manau("relatedtomons",KBaetan)
Dan/August Hunt's older theory: 1 Glen/Welland (Lincs); 2/2-5 Blackwater/Witham (Essex), or Witham (Lincoln), or Blackwater by Calleva & Basingstoke/Old Basing/Lodden; 3/6 Old Basing / Bassingbourne (Cambs); 4/7 Calleva or Cheltenham/Cotswolds/Cutha's/Cuda's wood; 5/8 Vindomi(um) / Winchester, or Caerwent (Gwent); 6/9 Caerleon on Usk; 7/10 Trajectus/Bitton/Avon (Severn crossing?); 8/11 Brent Knoll/Battleborough, or Cunetio/Chenet/Mildenhall, {or Wanborough; 9/12 Bath or Liddington castle by Badbury/Barbury/Swindon (near Wanborough) or Badbury rings/Wimborne Minster; 10/13 camel/cam.}
Graham's casual ideas have included: 2/2-5 blackwater or Dowels (near battle hill & kenardington betw Appledore & warehorne), [4/7 arthuret/caledonian], 5 ystawinguin, 14 arthuret/caledonian.
Wamsley's theory: 1 Linnuis / [1?] Wash, [2?] Hampshire, [3?] beyond Hadrian's wall & [4?] beyond, [5/8?] Norfolk, [6/9?] Chester, [7/10?] Trent, [8/11?] South wales, [9/12?] Berkshire; 10/13 Maes y Camlan (Southern Gwynedd/North Wales), 10/13 'A' at Buncarrick (not far from Wexford).
RG Collingwood's: commission valid over all country. fought not in any one kdm or region, but whereever wanted. not in any one part of britain. 10/13a Camboglanna (not Camelford)
WG Collingwood's theory: "Sussex". "[Nennius' words imply Arthur fighting Saxons specifically Kentishmen]". Jutes of Kent, (south) Eastern England. 1 Glynde, 2/2-5 le Black (Kent Water) & lympne/limin-/limen-/limene/Limen (East Rother) [cf lennox], 3/6 nothing to offer / didn't speculate / "a possible south country site", 4/7 Stane Street (Sussex) (to attack Chichester) / Weald (used of forests generally), 5/8 Winchester/venta / caerwent/caerleon, 6/9 Portchester, 7/10 Chichester, 8/11 offers no solution / somewhere in Sussex / "any of the hill forts from Caburn* to Old Winchester", 9/12 attempts no identification / no new insights / not/Badbury Rings/Bath/Dorset?
E Faral's: 1 Glen(Scot); 2/2-5 (Chester? &) Douglas Lancs;; 3/6 nothing to offer; 4/7 [caledonia (classical)? (rejects thames - scotland)]; 5/8 binchester; 6/9 chester; 7/10 goyt?; 8/11 Bravonium (not Aconbury); 9/12 attempts no identification [not Aconbury?]
PK Johnstone's: Northumbria/Strathclyde. 1 Glen Linc / Glen Nthumblnd / Grt & Little Glen Leics (not Glynde); 2/2-5 no claims / Lincoln; 3/6 nothing to offer / *bas "shallow"; 4/7 [caledonia (welsh)?]; 5/8 vinnovion; 6/9 chester [not caerleon]; 7/10 forth? / no modern river name; 8/11 Edinburgh; 9/12 Banbury.
F Lot's (& WA Nitze's) 1 Glen(Bede); 2/2-5 up & low douglas (Lomond) (objects to Chester); 3/6 nothing to offer; 4/7 [caledonia (welsh)? (rejects thames - scotland)]; 5/8 binchester; 6/9 chester; 7/10forth; 8/11a can not solve, 8/11b Brocavum/Brougham Westmorland or Bravoniacum/Brovonacis/Kirkby-Thore (or Leintwardine, not Edinburgh, not Aconbury); 9/12 Bedwin [not Aconbury?]; 13a camelford (river camel Cornwall).
OGS Crawford: 1 Glen Nthumblnd; 2/2-5 no claims / lindisfarne; 3/6 nothing to offer / Bassa; 4/7 [caledonia (welsh)?]; 5/8 vinovia; 6/9 chester [not caerleon]; 7/10 fords of frew (vale of menteith); 8/11 inis Breguin [Ireland] (not Bravonium); 9/12 attempts no identification; 10/13a Camboglanna (Birdoswald, H's wall).
OGS Crawford's/KH Jackson's/N Tolstoy's: Scottish Lowlands & a southwestern campaign in Dumnonia.
Ken H Jackson's theory: only 2 sites fairly certain, 1 probable, rest all conjectural/unknown. wide distribution [not local]. None in southern Britain except Badon. They are [maybe] spurious / against various other enemies [than Jutes/Kentishmen]. 1 glen Nthumblnd/Linc; 2/2-5 prob lincoln / douglas dawlish (dowlish divelish devilsbrook) dalch (dula(i)s); 4/7 somewhere in scotland [Caledonia(n)/Clyde?]; 6/9 chester; 7/10 in scotland; 8/11 too obscure / Brewyn (Rheged); 9/12 "somewhere in the south" / "somwhere in central southern england / south central England"; 10/13a camboglanna/birdoswald.
Jackson: TrirbuitbetweenCarlisle&Solway
Leon Mintz's theory: "10 battles under 200 miles apart": 1 Glen/Welland (near Spalding / a distance from Guthram Gowt, Lincs), 2-5 Douglas/Witham (Lindsey), 3/6 Baslow or Bassingbourne/Bassingham, 4/7 Celidon wood might be near Lincoln (Thompson translation of the British History), 5/8 Vindomora/Ebchester/Binchester , 6/9 Chester (or Caerleon) [or/not York?], 7/10 Goyt / Tory Brook/Plympton (or Tribuet?), 8/11 High Rochester, 9/12 Buxton/Arnemetiae or Baumber.
hass: 5/8 windsor.
thompson's: 4/7 near Lincoln.
blake & lloyds: 4/7 Clacaenog (Denbigh).
JE Lloyd: miscell list of famous battles: 2-5 Lindsey; 6/9 chester.
lloyd-jones': 8/11 din Breon (unknown whereabouts).
ifor williams': 8/11 din Breon (unknown whereabouts) / bretrewyn?
RJ O'Toole's theory: 3 x 3 sets of rivers, towns/settlements, mountains: 1-3/1-6 in the east,* 2/2-5(b) gloss, 4/7 Godeu/Caledonian/s. cent. Scotland / intrusion/unknown, 5/8 Caledonian/s. cent. Scotland, 6/9 York (not Chester / Caerleon), 7 near Edinburgh / intrusion/unknown, 8/11[a/b] Edinburgh, 9 intrusion/misattributed/unknown.
Linda Malcor's theory: Northern England/Southern Scotland: 2/2-5 Douglas, 4/7 Caledonians, 5 Flora, 6/9 York?, 7/10 three rivers meet surf in terrain around Ribchester, 9/12 Flora?
Pestano's theory: 9/12 Baitan/Baedan son of macErca; 10/13 Ebhlinn/Ebhlann [Avlann?].
John Evan's theory: 2/2-5 thames, 6/9 garison/Richborough/York.
philips & keatman/[laycock/Stan Jones]: cornovi or deceangli *
Prof Field's: "up and down the east coast".
Charles P's: "in Kent and the East Midlands, perhaps as far north as Lincolnshire" : 9/12 Arbury.
AG Brodeur's: 10/13a [camelford?] (not Camboglanna).
Alan Hassell's: Sutton Hoo was British. 2nd Arthur in Wales. 1 river Sein Ayrshire (or Northunmberland); 2/2-5 douglas/lennox (lochlong/lomond/benArthur/clyde); 3/6 bass‘‘Mound in the estuary or bed of a river'' / FurnasA/A'sO'on (nearby camelot, Aberdeen); 4/7 Selkirk/Ettrick; 5/8 ch st mary at stow/wedale (dale of woe, galashiels/melrose/tweed); stirling (nearby sand links, upper forth); 8/11 edinburgh (castle, Arthur's seat); 9/12 bouden Hill (against Lochcote hill, above river Avon, Linlithgoshire); 10/13a camlan (os sheet124); 10/13b/[levitatingaltar] river Ewenny.
alan wilson's (& baram blackett's): 9/12 mynyddBaedan.
Dav Nash Ford's theory (britannia.com) : 1 glen river (Northumberland or Lincoln); 2/2-5 (douglas or blackwater &/or) lincoln (witham) [or Divelish/Devil's brook/Lindinis (Ilchester) (or natanleag?)]; 3/6 cambuslang/glascow; 4/7 caledonian forest &/or Arthuret/caerwinley/caerlaverock (Scottish border) [or coed celyddon]; 5/8 winchester (or vinovia/binchester, or wight/gwyn, [or glastonbury?]); 6/9 Chester (613) (or Caerleon?); 7/10 [frew (stirling) or ribble (Lancs) or severn (Gloucester) or eden (carlisle)]; 8/11 edinburgh &/or bravonium (leintwardine, Hereford) or bremenium (high rochester); 9/12 fort & Avon &/or bath / bathampton down [or badbury]; 10/13 camlan valley (meirionydd) or river gamlan (dunoding) [or camboglanna (cumbria)].
geoff ashe's: 8/11 Angers & Bourges near MtDol/Deols.
m wheeler's: colchester-london-st Alban's triangle gap/salient.
[J Hawkes: KA fought Aelle of Sussex?]
f reno's: 9/12 salinae/wrekin.
* Michael Wood's: apparently says Arthur / 12 battles is more or less a purely legend not history covering a wide range of different timeframes and places (from Sutton Hoo to the Wall), and not just one single historical person: 9/12 SH?; 10/13 SH?
Damo Bullen's theory (shorter/brief version): [across all Britain from Cornwall to Manau] / "5 campaigns: 1 england, 1 ireland, 1 wales, 2 scotland": 1 Portsmouth/claunio/bitterne (501); 2/2-5 Southampton/blackwater/charford/netley/lyndhurst (508); 3 Oswestry, or Lussas (4 miles south of Dunadd) / glen Lussa (Kintyre), 4/7 East Mains of Dunnichen in Forfarshire / betw drumelzier H's wall & ettrick / A's seat, 5/8 Stow-on-Wedale/Craigendfort, 6/9 Caerleon, 7/10 penarth/Cardiff bay (ely & taff & severn), 8/11 Auchendinny/Edinburgh (near Penicuik) 516 ad, 9/12 hill of Damen/Dumbarton (Bridge) (Altclud/Strathclyde); 10a/13a Comgall/Yarrow / Selkirk / Dunnichen (Forfarshire)/Carmyllie/Camuir+Millo; 10b/13b Llangorse / Isle of Mugdrum / Abernethy (Tay); 14 arthuret/carlisle (a few mi from Yarrow).
Damo's (longer/detailed version) (my very rough notes only): {1-2 south powys 3 scot 4-7 wales 8-11 scot 12-14} [spain; legion 6 victrix built Zaragoza, 9th Spanish Leg built York, KA york & carlisle.] 1 The River Glein - Portsmouth/Itchen [cenio] 501 [edessa 503] battle of Autun/Rhone 504/505/506?, & jerusalem/holyland 506, rhone/autun 507 2 The River Dubglas - Southampton/Netley 508 3/1 Bassas - Oswestry 508 lussas sthod Dunadd (first trip to east/Jerusalem [?byzant?]) {4//2 8th Guinnion - Stow-on-Wedale 509 a few yrs after Autun / Gwenystrad/Garanwynyon/Galystem / Gwananhon / Ystawfingun Arthur [not Moray?] [Yskithyrwyn Benbaedd?] [winster?] guinnon = garanwynyon ~ gwanhanon [gwen Ystrad, catreath, gododdin, gwananhon's] 5//3 7th Caledonian Wood - East Mains Dunnichen/Constantine [not moray?] [north/KyledyrWyllt?] 5 dunbarrow/dunnichen/nectnasmere/arthur's seat/Montreathmont Forest/St Causnan's east Mains/[strathmore?] ----- 6/4 Ben Arthur *Loch Lomond*/S Kessoch 509 [3 x defeated? moray?] } [{/alclud/moray/lomond (Kessog/Inchtavanoch)/ SM's Guinnon/St Const's Caledon, Scot & Irel c 509. penines/amr's/guinnon/york, guinnon ~ wedale/vallis doloris/lodonesis (ch SM Stow, st And's, Meilros)? gwenystrad Rheged/guinnon galystem guinnon/garanwynyon (gravel bank);} ; utrius ]. 7 battle Ard Coran/Portrush, Nthern Ireland 509 , aft which Islay; [ysgeir Oervel/wicklow or Dublin in Ire (boar Trwyth & 7)] 8 Cwm Kerwyn 9 Ystrad Yw [afterwards to betw Tawy & Euyas (sumall Corn & Dev) to Severn estuary betw Llyn Lliwan/Cardiff Bay (highest tides) &Aber Gwy/Wye 12 mi east of Caerleon] ----- 10 Caer Legion - Caerleon betw Aber Gwy & Linn Lliwan 11 Tribuit - Cardiff 2nd trip to east [constantinople 516 after Guinnon & Celidon] 12 Mount Agned - Edinburgh (St Triduana) ~ Saxon Rock 13 Mount Badon - Dumbarton 516 [dyfed 520] edessa 525 ; auton 534 535 ostro Vs byz alps 536, Soissy/legion Britons at Loire 536 (St Dalmas) 14 Camlann - comgall Selkirk / Edinburgh 537 / [?Barry-hill near Alyth Perths], then Catrail/Yarrow; Avalon crannog Llangorse Lake/Brecknock Mere near Brecon (same area Caerleon?). Afallach son of Brychan.
news: Rnd Tab at Chester amphithetre / "Stirling RT".
Kim Headlee 1 Abar-Gleann; 9/12 on H's Wall; 13a on H's Wall.
AndrewRichardson 9/12Liddington
NicoleEvelina: historians can't agree if took place, and if so when and where. only 2 part of hostorical record (Badon & Camlan). could 1 man have fought over so long period & far-reaching locations. 13a north of H's Wall, or in Wales, or southern Britain.
Dav White's: {Sources/translations could be fragmented/confused KA could have fought most in north/south and one/few in south/north. KA could have roved the country. Northern has some [seeming] evidence on their side. Southern has geography & history on side.} 1 river glen Lincs or Northumberland 2 problematic, Le Black Lent, or Lincoln 3 very problematic, Baschurch Shrops 4 caledonian forest Scoltand, north of Lincoln 5 Caer-Gwent, or Winchester 6 caerleon, or Chester 7 Firth of Forth 8 edinburgh 9/12 location great debate, vs/halted saxons in southern countryside/part of island, badbury Riings, or banbury, or Little Solway Hill, or Little Solsbury Hill or Bath.
Andrew Evan's casual theory: A source suggests Arthur in south-west ("Glastonbury", "Devon & Cornwall"). 13a Camlan(n) ~ Gamber/Amr's Tomb (others suggestions include Camboglanna/Birdoswald, H's Wall, or river Camel, Cornwall). [In our own Wonders paper Amr's tomb is in Medway megaliths area.]
sites associated with "(K.) Arthur" (person/name) in tradition(al) (excluding/including Geoff. of Mon., etc.) :
Alderley edge (sleeping Arthur / etc); Appledore (Kent/E Sussex, associated with King Arthur);* Glastonbury (Avalon), Alnwick/Bamburgh (Joyous Guarde); city of lions/Lyonesse (KA from, KA's death);* Arthur's O'en; Arthur's seat; Ben Arthur?; Dover/Rutupi;* Hamo's port;* London / 'London Stone' (Geoff of Mon., Blyton, Wiki); Arthur's hill? Arthur's cave? Arthur's Stone; KA's hall (Bodmin); Brent Knoll (associated with K.A.); Baschurch (KA burial)*; Dozmary pool (excalibur); Meigle (Perthshire, Pictish, Guanora/Guinevere buried/tomb, Boece); Dumbarton (tradition KA's castle, KA's son smerbievor born at Red Tower); Oven of Arthur (Carron) / Arthur's Oven/O'en/O'on (Stenhousemuir); Stow (tradition KA founded church St Mary); Dumbarton (Geoff of Mon.?)*; Arthuret (Merlin), East Mains of Dunnichen (battle Arthur slain). Amr's tomb. Cabal's cairn. Pictish Palace.
