I can't illustrate you in the military aspect but I'm sure that others will.
On government, Egypt was basically an absolute monarchy as far as we
know. Apparently the need for a centralized irrigaton authority helped
to keep the empire stable for long periods, along with its relative
isolation and the strong Egyptian nationalism that existed. In the few
periods, known as "intermediate periods" in which Egypt suffered from
desintegration, the economic situation apparently worsened as major
canals weren't kept anymore by the pharaoh and his bureaucracy.
The Egyptians were said to be "the most religious of all nations",
maybe due to the impressive number of deities they had but also because
of the importance of religion and priests/scribes in their
organization.
Some useful links may be: