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  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Castles
    Posted: 06-Nov-2005 at 21:23
Please share some photos and information about castles in your country!



Ostrozac Castle, Bihac, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Not far down the Una River you'll find it...



Ostrozac Castle is one of the most important castles in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It guarded the village of Ostrozac, now basically a suburb of the city of Bihac. It covers a huge area because in the event of attack, all the people in the surrounding villages had to be able to cram inside to help defend it.











It was home to several of Bosnia's most influential rulers and today is used as a tourist attraction, concert theatre, and a place for raves and other parties. COLTRAN FESTIVAL is held every year at the castle, the largest electronica festival in the Balkans.




























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  Quote erci Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 06-Nov-2005 at 23:20

Mamure Kalesi

Cape Anamur is the southern most point of the Anatolian peninsula. From this cape it is possible to see Cyprus and thus all the ships sailing between Panfilia and Cilicia. A few miles to the east of the cape, the Romans built on a small rock a little fortress, which was enlarged by the Crusaders and later on at the beginning of the XIIIth century it was entirely rebuilt by the Seljuk Emir of Karaman.


Mamure Kalesi is built on the waterfront and it was strengthened in more recent times by the Ottomans, who built a fine tower on its eastern side which offers the most evocative view of the castle


Walls inside the castle split it into three parts, in order to allow further resistance in case the enemy had gained access to its interior.


The view from the western side shows the rocks upon which the fortress was built at the beginning.


A deep moat completed the defense of the castle. The Emir of Karaman put an inscription above the only entrance to the castle: I brought the water, I rebuilt the castle.


The castle hosted a small town with fountains, mosques and hammams.





Edited by erci
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  Quote erci Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 06-Nov-2005 at 23:50
Alanya



The Seljuks built on the headland an impressive fortification system made of long stretches of walls, towers and castles (Kale). Kizil Kule (Red Tower) is an octagonal tower built in 1226 to protect the harbour. It is so popular that it is shown on the old 250 TL note.



The access to the top of the hill was protected by three curtain-walls with over 100 towers. The gates had inscriptions celebrating the Seljuk sultans.




The walls on the eastern side of the headland are very well preserved. They clearly show that they were built before the invention of modern artillery. Because of the loss of importance of Alaye, the Ottomans did not care to bring them up to the new warfare requirements.



Ehdemek Kale is a large fortress which hosted the main buildings of the town. Today its covered market (bedesten) is a fine hotel. The mosque in Ehdemek Kale was built in the XVIIth century upon a Seljuk mosque. In the upper fortress (I Kale) the ruins of a little Byzantine church are the only memory of that historical period.
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  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Nov-2005 at 00:02
Great pics, erci!



Tesanj Castle, Tesanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Tesanj is a small town in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is one of the only Muslim towns that survived WWI, WWII, and 1992-1995 relatively unscathed and so it's a nice glimpse into how much of Bosnia used to look - before the commieblocks went up.

The castle is typical of village defenses throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina only it is completely restored and still in use, so looks far newer.








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  Quote erci Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Nov-2005 at 00:18
Bodrum Castle








Devil's Castle, Kars
Seytan Kalesi, Kars



Most cities in Turkey have at least 2 or 3 castles

I give up
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  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Nov-2005 at 00:21
Srebrenik (NOT Srebrenica), Bosnia and Herzeogovina

Srebrenik is a tiny town with one of Bosnia's most impressive castles. It's built high in th alps overlooking several towns and villages, but it is named for the town of Srebrenik.

A significant portion of the castle is actually carved out of stone. It is almost impossible to reach unless the rope bridge is in place.



View of Srebrenik from the castle:

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  Quote ill_teknique Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Nov-2005 at 00:52
bosna is beautiful. i've seen some of the old castles around the krajina -from bihac to velika kladusa - havent been in bosna since 98 when i moved from munich to chicago.  im planing to go back hopefully this upcoming summer.
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  Quote JiNanRen Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Nov-2005 at 15:21




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  Quote Mila Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Nov-2005 at 15:32
Dragon of Bosnia Tower - Kula Zmaj od Bosne
Gradačac, Bosnia and Herzegovina



The Dragon of Bosnia Tower is not only one of the most beautifully restored castles in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is also the most historically important one. There is no other castle in the country which burns the hearts of Bosnians who look at it with such pride.

The castle was home to Husein-kapetan Gradačević, who came to be known as the Dragon of Bosnia. Gradačević was born in Gradačac in 1802 and grew up surrounded by a political climate of turmoil in the western reaches of the Ottoman Empire.

When his brother Murat was poisoned by a rival in 1821, Gradačević rose to the head of the Gradačac military captaincy. The young Husein developed a reputation for wise rule and tolerance and soon became one of the most popular figures in Bosnia.

In 1831, Gradačević was called upon to lead the movement for Bosnian autonomy. He overthrew the loyalist Vizier and other anti-rebellion figures, becoming the de facto ruler of the Bosnian administrative unit in the process.

On July 18 of the same year, Gradačević met a large force commanded by the grand vizier himself near Shtimje/timlje in Kosovo and dealt a heavy defeat to the imperial army. At that point, he decided to turn back from further campaigns and returned to Bosnia where he was proclaimed the new Vizier by his soldiers on September 12. He offered the Ottoman Empire peace in exchange for Bosnian independence.

By 1832, however, the tide of the rebellion had turned. After a series of smaller clashes, the decisive battle occurred on the 17th and 18th of May outsideSarajevo. Initially successful, the rebels were eventually defeated when Herzegovinan reinforcements arrived and sided with the Sultan.

Although the Bosniak uprising would not be completely quelled for another 18 years, Gradačević was forced to flee to the Austro-Hungarian Empire on May 31. From there he negotiated for his return with the Sultan and was ultimately allowed back but barred from ever entering Bosnia again. He moved to Belgrade and then to Istanbul, where he died under mysterious circumstances on August 17, 1834. A legend in his own time, Gradačević is considered a Bosniak national hero and one of the most revered figures in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

There was a well-known saying among Bosniaks that for years after his death not a single man among our people would be able to hear his name and not shed a tear. This positive sentiment was not exclusive to the Muslim population, as Christians from Posavina are thought to have shared a similar view for decades.











"God I fear slightly, the Sultan not at all, and the Grand Vizier no more than my own horse."
- Husein-kapetan Gradačević


Edited by Mila
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  Quote kotumeyil Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Nov-2005 at 10:13

Citadel of Ankara (my home city). The orange buildings below the picture are brothels

 



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  Quote Behi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Nov-2005 at 05:21
Alamut, Qazvin, Iran

http://www.allempires.com/forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=4322&a mp;get=last

Originally posted by Cyrus Shahmiri

I think you all know Assassins (Hashshashins,"hashish smokers"), the worst terrorists in the history, those who believed murdering as a religious duty, the open history of the Assassins began in 1090, when Hasan-e Sabbah and his allies captured the hill fortress of Alamut near Kazvin, Iran. From this centre, by the end of the 11th century, Hasan, as grand master or leader of the sect, commanded a chain of strongholds all over Iran and Iraq, a network of propagandists, a corps of devoted terrorists, and an unknown number of agents in enemy camps and cities. The Seljuq sultanate's attempts to capture Alamut failed, and soon the Assassins were claiming many victims among the generals and statesmen of the 'Abbasid caliphate, including two caliphs.

I went there for the first time in the last friday, it was great especially in summer because Alamut is in a cold region, the distance between Kazvin (ancient Caspian) and Tehran is about 130 km and there is about 90 km between Almaut and Kazvin, of course the second one takes more time because the road is very winding.

Anyway the first place that we visted in Alamut region, was the beautiful lake of Ovan:

After this lake, you see that the region becomes a little mysterious, the shapes of mountains are different and there are many caves and hidden places there.

Castle of Alamut is at the top of one of these mountains:

There are several watch towers with different shapes in this mountain:

There is just one difficult road to the castle, it is a great building, however it has been destroyed badly:


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  Quote Behi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Nov-2005 at 05:28
Bam, Kerman, Iran

photos b4 terrible earthquake


Once a famous citadel and strategic stronghold, this fort has been built on a huge rock and covers an area of six square kilometers in all. It is 300 meters long and 200 meters wide and consists of two parts.
The fort is a five-story structure of unbaked brick and must have been constructed before the fifth and sixth centuries A.H. (11th and 12th centuries A.D.).
The place has undergone frequent repairs and comprises a rampart, an ancient entrance, adequate fortifications, some Safavid structures, a mosque, and a building known as (Char-Fasl) or (Palace of four seasons). There are two inscriptions in this vast and magnificent construction, which are indicative of recent reparations. Both tablets bear the date 20th Azar 1337 S.H. year (1958 A.D.); one of these has been installed by the society for the Preservation of National Monuments and the other, by the Department of Archaeology.
The next of the latter is as follows: (The Citadel of Bam, which was habitable and in a fairly good condition until a hundred and fifty years ago, has, according to (Hundud al-Alam) and other reliable sources that have come down to us from 4th century A.H. (10th century A.D.), been founded some 2000 years back, and has been repeatedly repaired thereafter. This commemorative tablet relates to the completion of the repairs of the watchtower and a part of the Governor`s residence. Azar 1337. Department of Archaeology.
(Kerman is the heart of the world ...) so says Shah Nemat-ol-lah-e-vali, the well known sufi-poet of the 8th century A.H. (Heart of the world) is as old as the history itself. R. Frye in the Heritage of Persia ( London,1962) brings up the possibility that the Kermani or Germani tribe has given its name to the area of its residence. Berossus, the Chaldean historian ( 3rd cent. BC ) in his account of the fall of Babylon to Cyrus the Great says that the Persian.
Shahanshah sent Nabonidus, the fallen Babylonian king, to exile in Kerman, where he resided till his death (Pirmia -Moshir- ol- Dowleh- Hassan. Iram-e-Bastan, Tehran, 1362). This, regardless of its historical accuracy, establishes Kerman as one of the major province of Iran, housing a population of 1,850,000.
190 Km to the south east of the city of Kerman, in the midst of the vast, endless, gray deserts, lies the ever-green city of Bam, the (Emerald of the Desert). This city with its extensive palm groves and citrus gardens is essentially an agricultural city, benefiting from very rich sub-terranean water reserves, surfacing through a great number of miles long (qanats), or sub-terranean aqueducts and water canals, in an area noted for the scarcity of water in it.
The citrus fruits of Bam, its oranges, tangerines, its sweet lemons, are well known, and its dates, especially the (Mozafati) brand, a unique well known for its delicacy are of universal fame. Lately, while the opening of new international markets have revitalized the agricultural activities in the area, pumping new blood in its old veins, some industrial projects are to change the whole economic, and, therefore, social texture of the city, bringing it to the competitive world of the industrial age, with all its hassles turmoil,... and confusions, the new car manufacturing project of the (Kerman Automotive Industries Co.), being the most notable of all these projects.
But Bam is known all through the world for a different aspect of it: Arg-e-Bam or the ancient citadel and the ruins of the ancient town surrounding it. This is one of the most splendid historical sites in the whole world: while most of the best known historical sites in the world, like Fars (Persepolis, Athen`s Acropolis, Rome`s forum and Coliseum, Paris` Versailles,... signify a limited period in history, Arg-e-Bam displays the imprints of 2000 continuous years of a dramatic, eventful history from its foundation, presumably during the Parathion period (250 BC - 224 AC), up until about 150 years ago when in the reign of Nasser-a-Din Shah Qajar (1831-1896, king 1548-1896) the ancient town was gradually deserted. This peculiarity has made estimation of the precise age of most parts of this historical complex rather difficult, sometimes even impossible.
The legends have it that the city was founded by Bahman, the son of Esfandiar, one of the legendary kings in the Esfahnameh, corresponded to Ardashir the Long Armed (Artaxerexes Longimanus, 429 BC, king 464-424) son of Xerexes I, the Achamenide King-of-Kings. However, most of the historians refer to the story of (Haftvad) in the Shahnameh, or (Haptanbad) in the Karnamak-e-Ardashir-e-Papkan, a historically true story, as the story, and the date, of the foundation of Bam. If so, this date goes back to the late, or mid, Parathion period although a thorough scientific and archeological inspection of the site is still needed. There are some signs and indications like some Parathion coins found here - which make it a safe guess to assume that the nucleus part of the town and the citadel belonged to the Parthian period in its original form.
Judging from the story of Haftvad` and also by comparing the ruins of Ghal-e-Do (the Maiden Fortress) to the north of Arg, and the original structure of the citadel, with the Parthian town model (like the ruins of Parthaunisa in Turkmenistan), it is obvious that originally the town and the residential quarters for the common people were located couple of miles to the west of the Arg, in the place of today`s Koozeran-corresponding the Kojaran of the Shahnameh and the adjacent Dehshotor quarters, while the residence of the governing prince was in the Ghal-e-Dokhtar, where, according to the Parthian- and maybe Achamenide-model, it was also the temple for the official court religion. There is an ornamental figure carved on the wall of an altar on the eastern side of Ghal-e-Dokhtarl which resembles very much to a similar figure on the altar of another very important, hut, alas, a very little known site about 2 Km to the east of the Arg, known as (Char Taghi`. As the story goes, after Haftvad rebelled against the governing prince and killed him, he made a citadel and a fortress on a rock-hill to the west of the town, corresponding to the present site of the Arg. After Haftvad was defeated and killed by Ardashir, the victorious king destroyed the main citadel in the fortress and built a fire-temple in it instead, which, it is believed, was turned into the existing main observation tower and the Char-Fasl building in the Islamic period. In any event, 2000 years of history, with all its ups and downs, with all its wars, internal strives, periods of peace, of calm, of blooming, of blood, of destructions, of developments, of massacres,.., have left their imprints on this site of history which cries out the transient nature of (being) and the external essence of the universe. Walking through the ruins of the Arg, one feels as if every broken wall, every pass-way where people of centuries have walked through, where horses of history have run through, every little stone, every molecule of earth, recites along with Khayyam:
Think, in this battered Carvanserai Whose Doorways are alternate Night and Day How Sultan after Sultan with his romp Abode his Hour or two, and went his way
The ruins of the Arg as a whole are so interesting, remarkable and mind arousing that it takes more than one visit to absorb and to appreciate the historical significance of the details. An attempt to introduce different parts of the Arg would require a huge volume. However, as Mulffna says, (if the whole sea can`t be taken in, one may drink as much as his thirst would allow.`; so, here`s some very brief descriptions of` some of the more interesting parts:
1- The main (southern) gate:
This is the only remaining gate of at least four gates.
2- The Bazaar or the main market place:
Right after passing through the gate you enter a pass-way about 60 meters long which used to be the main bazaar of the town. Presumably built in the Safavid period, it had been a roofed bazaar, built, as it was the usual practice in the Safavid period, on a predrawn plan provided by the government. This bazaar, which apparently was active up until early 14th cent. A.H. (early 20Lh cent. A.D.), had replaced some other ancient bazaars of the town, like the (Pol-e-Gargan), which Moghadassi (late 4th cent. AH, 10th cent. AD) has mentioned in Ahsan-al-Taghasim, but its whereabouts are obscure now. It is noteworthy that Bam was a male commercial and trading town on the famous (Spice Road), a major tributary of the (Silk Road), connecting India, the Indian Ocean, the Omman - or the Arabian-sea, and the Persian Gulf to that main road of wealth of wealth and trade in the middle Ages. Bam was also a major center of textile industry in those days, known for its differnt fine fabrics all through the Islamic world.
3- The Grand Mosque, which was originally built in the Saffari period, 3rd. cent. AH (9th cent. AD), according to Prof. Pope, has gone through major changes in different periods.
4- The Stables and the Garrison or the Armory, both presumably built in the Saljouq or the Timurid period (6th or 8th cent. AH, 13th or 15th cent. AD).
5- The governor`s quarters and the Chahar-Fasl (Four Seasons) Building, and also the main observation tower, presumably belonging to the Safavid period (early 10th cent, mid 12th cent. AH, early 16th cent., mid 18th cent. AD) in their present forms. It is thought that the Chahar-Fasl and the main observation tower were originally a fire-temple of the pre-Islamic period.
These were some very fragmentary notes on just some of the more important parts of the Arg; as I said a rightful introduction of different parts of the Arg, even a thorough introduction of only the parts mentioned, would require a huge volume, as huge as the history itself, for this, the Arg, is the history itself. Let us just watch, and pass very gently by these ruins, because every spot that you put your foot on, there may lie a king, a swordsman, an old sage, a lover, a mother... Be careful, beware











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  Quote Behi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Nov-2005 at 05:47


falak ol aflak. lorestan, Iran


This ancient castle is one of the historical structures related to the Sassanian era. It's located in the mountains of the city of

Khoram Abad. A section of this palace was converted into a museum in the years 1976-1977. This museum comprises of two

sections named as, an archaeology and an anthropology sector. In the year 1989, after under going repairs and the addition of yet

another section that exhibited engravings and earthenware, the museum was re-opened. The original museum has begun its

activities by the name of , "The Anthropological and Admiralty Metals Museum of Lurestan".





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  Quote Beylerbeyi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Nov-2005 at 07:25

Rumeli Hisari near (nowadays in) Istanbul, built by Mehmed II control the strait before the siege of Constantinople. A.k.a. 'throat-cutter' as the word 'throat' is same with the word 'strait' in Turkish. It is an ugly pile of stone, but nevertheless amazing, because it was built in just FOUR months. It is alleged that the sultan assigned a tower to each of his viziers and said, 'if you don't finish it on time, you are history'...

On the other side of the strait is the Anadolu hisari, smaller and built earlier for the same purpose.

Here seen behind some handsome yalis (seaside mansions).

So when someone tried to send help to the besieged Constantinople from the Black Sea, the ship had to pass between these two fortresses. AFAIK, some did try and some were sunk by cannon fire.

Fortifications of Constantinople itself were more formidable, and can be seen in another thread.

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  Quote kotumeyil Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Nov-2005 at 08:24

 

I read somewhere that the view from the top of Rumelihisari is like the word "Mehmed" in the Ottoman script. I think it looks so except the wall at the bottom of the pic and that wall might have been modified through centuries...



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  Quote Behi Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 13-Nov-2005 at 02:11

Citadel of Karim khane Zand, Shiraz, Iran


The Biggest & the most important building of Zand dynasty in Shiraz. The imposing Citadel of Karim Khan with its 4 circular towers

dominates the city center. This well-preserved fortress was part of the royal courtyard in the time of Zand dynasty. Today it houses

the municipal offices & is not open to visitors.

The area of whole place is 12800 sq.m., the height of each towers is 14 m. Inside the Arg, there are different buildings, the north

building was used in winter, the south building for summer use & west building was for all seasons.

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  Quote amir khan Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-Dec-2005 at 04:38

 

Romantic view from a ruined castle in northern pakistan

Baltit Fort, Northern Pakistan

 

Rhotas Fort-Punjab,Pakistan

Built 1540 (Sher Shah Suri)

 

Lahore Fort- Punjab, Pakistan

Lahore Fort- Punjab, Pakistan

 

Derawar fort, Cholistan Desert, Pakistan

Derawar fort

Derawar Fort

 

Hydrabad Fort, Sind, Southern Pakistan

 

 

"Where the streets were washed daily with perfume"

http://creekin.net/c4123-n142-hyderabad-pakistan.html



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  Quote amir khan Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-Dec-2005 at 15:22

 

  The  Red Fort (Lal Killa)

  Built - Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan (1638-1648)

  Location - Delhi, India

Red Fort, Delhi

Red Fort, Interior

http://www.wonderclub.com/WorldWonders/red_fort_in_india.htm l

 



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  Quote amir khan Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 11-Dec-2005 at 16:16

 

 Mehargarh Fortress

 North India

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  Quote Raider Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 13-Dec-2005 at 08:24

The Castle of Visegrd:

The construction of the castle was begun in 1247 by king Bla IV. It was one of the several stone-fortification built after the mongol invasion in order to prepare the next attack. Bla IV. even sold the the family jewels of his wife Mary Lascaris to fund the building operations.

This castle became the royal seat under the Angevins and the Holy Crown was kept here until the battle of Mohcs. (In a brief period under Louis the Great the crown of Poland was also kept here.) In 1335 this was the place where the summit of the king of Bohemia, Hungary and Poland was held. (This summit gave the name to the modern Visegrad group or V4). Later It served as an Ottoman border fortress and was recaptured in 1686. AFter this the castle lost its military role and was abandoned. The reconstruction has begun in 1871.

The picture showes the upper castle, the citadell.

The Lower Castle is at the Danube with the donjon (Solomon's Tower).

There is a good link to Hungarian castles:

www.varak.hu

 



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