a nation�s contributions to Science and Technology

Here are some sources

From Berkeley
http://geography.berkeley.edu/ProgramCourses/CoursePagesFA20 02/geog148/Lectures/Lecture21/tocharians/mummies.html

University of Texas
http://www.utexas.edu/cola/depts/lrc/iedocctr/ie-lg/Tochar ian.html

http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/IE_Centum_Tocharian.html

http://www.omniglot.com/writing/tocharian.htm



Edited by JiNanRen

ibni-Sina: he whas the best in everywhere, astronomic, science, mathematics, etcetc

Piri reis; well no need to tell about him, because everyone knows him

 

 

at last ,

if they were europian
how did they came from Europe into Eastern Turkistan?

everybody knows they were Turkic, their kings have a Turkic names and their lands was in the center of Turkic territory
its a madness that they v marked as a europian

Hak-khan, if you want to contribute to the topic, find an undisputed contribution of Turks to science and technology. There are many of them in recent times. Nevermind Tocharians now...

"he Chinese developed saltpeter for use in fireworks and knew of no tactical military use for gunpowder, nor did they invent its formula. Research by Reinuad and Fave have clearly shown that gunpowder was formulated initially by Muslim chemists. Further, these historians claim that the Muslims developed the first fire-arms. Notably, Muslim armies used grenades and other weapons in their defence of Algericus against the Franks during the 14^th century. Jean Mathes indicates that the Muslim rulers had stock-piles of grenades, rifles, crude cannons, incendiary devices, sulfur bombs and pistols decades before such devices were used in Europe. The first mention of a cannon was in an Arabic text around 1300 A.D. Roger Bacon learned of the formula for gunpowder from Latin translations of Arabic books. He brought forth nothing original in this regard."

 

Thats completely wrong, firearms were used extensively by the Song, the first mention of cannons used in battle was the Yuan siege of Xiang Yang in the 13th century A.D. And yes, the name Cannon(huo pao) was mentioned. Ming soldiers had 1/5 armed with firearms. Also, if you are not keeping up with Archeology, just a year ago the earliest cannon has been uncovered that date back to around 1280. The earliest Cannon ever found. 

Finland's contribution:

Xylitol and Margarine . Ironic, the most common cause for deaths in Finland is heart- and circulatory-illnesses, due to unhealthy eating. And then they go and invent these......

I almost said it . However, some would probably point out the Roman, Turkish and Celtic baths, the American Indian sweat lodge, the Japanese furo, the Russian banja, Mexican temascal etc. (although we know for sure that banja is borrowed from Uralic people ), although the Finns have succesfully adapted the sauna to their modern lifestyle, so one could say sauna in the modern sense.