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Alans 650Bc-1400Ad Dateline

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    Posted: 08-Oct-2009 at 23:38

ALANS

Alans, Alani, Alanliao, Aorses, As, Asii, Asses, Balanjar, Barsils, Belenjers, Burtas, Iass, Halans, Ishkuza, Jass, Iazyg, Ishtek, Lan, Ostyak, Ovs, Rhoxolani, Steppe Alans, Usuns, Wusun, Wusün, Yass, Yancai and other variations

Subdivisions and ethnic affiliates

Alans, Burtas, Rhoxolani, Wusüns, Yasses, Yazygs

650 BC-1400 AD

Wusüns
 
Yancai Alans
300 BC - 0 AD
Yazyg Alans
 
Alans
0-500 AD
Alans
500 - 1400 AD
Amortica Alans
400-600 AD
Caucasus Alans
900-1000 AD
 
Caucasus Alans
1000-1400 AD
 
   

 

DATELINE

Time

Events

650 BC

Asses are first mentioned in Assirian sources as the Scythian name Ishkuza = Ish-Oguz, where Ish is a variation of a word As

300 BC

From Chinese sources Alans are listed as one of four Hunnish tribes (Xu-la, Lan, Hiu-bu, Siu-lin) most favored by kings of Eastern Huns (Mao-dun/Mete and his son Ki-ok/Kök) of 3rd century B.C. (ToOD 146).

210 BC ca 310- 100 BC Second, largest stage of Sarmatian migration to Scythia, ended with crush of Scyths and Sarmatian dominance of N.Pontic
204 BC HUN EMPIRE
204 B.C - 216 A.D
Area - At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west, Caspian Sea; (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Bagatir, Maotun, Batur)
107 BC First historical appearance of Rhoxolani, between Dnieper and Don: Tasius, leader of Rhoxolani, ally of Palacus, King of Crimean Scythians, against Mithridates VI Eupator, King of Pontus
64 B.C 64/47 B.C. First historical appearance of Aorsi, between Don and North-West of Caspian Sea: Spadines, King of Aorsi at time of Pharnaces, King of Bosporus
48 BC WESTERN HUN EMPIRE
48 BC - 216 A.D
Founder – Panu
Area - area over present Central Asia
22 AD 22/55 Alan, new name of old state of Yancai, North-West of Kangju (Sogdiana): a possible trace of formation of Alan Confederation of tribes, beginning with a predominantly Sarmatian nucleus
35 First historical appearance of Alans, North of Caucasus: raid against Parthian vassal kingdom of Armenia, at instigation of Tiberius
35

35-36 AD Alan participation in Ibero-Parthian (Artabanus II) war on side of Iberia.

49 Eunones, King of Aorsi, ally of Romans and of Cotys I, King of Bosporus, against Mithridates, latter's brother
50

1st century AD (first half) Alans mentioned by written sources of Ancient Rome (?) for the first time.

60 60/67 Embassy to "Greatest Kings of Aorsia", perhaps from Olbia
62 Vologeses inscription: Parthian king Vologeses (51–80AD) in his 11th year battled Kuluk (Külük ), king of Alani.
69 Rhoxolan raid against Moesia checked by Third Legion
72

Alans invade S.Caucasus. Külük defeated Medians and Armenians in a raid south

72 Alan raid against Parthian vassal kingdoms of Media and Armenia.
93 93/123Possible alliance between local Barbarian chieftains and Alans at time of Sauromates I, King of Bosporus
102 Roxolan cavalry participates in Decibal's raid to Lower Moesia
117 117-118 Roxolans from E., Yazygs from W., attack Roman Dacia
117 117/38 Sarmatian and Rhoxolan raids in Moesia under Hadrian. Peace with king of Rhoxolani, probably P. Aelius Rasparaganus.
124

Dionysius Periegetes (the Guide) Orbis terrae descriptio map showing Huns (Unni), Caspii, Massagets, Sacii, Alani, Scyths, Hyrcanii, Sarmats, Taurii

135 Alan campaign in Transcaucasus and Media. Alan raid against Albania, Media, Armenia and Cappadocia, repelled by Flavius Arrianus of Nicomedia
138 138/61 Alan raids under Antoninus Pius
139

Ptolemy (83?-161? AD) writes that in European Sarmatia ‘below Agathyrsi (Akatsirs, Tr. agach ers ‘forest people’) live Savari (Türkic Suvars), between Basternae and Rhoxolani (Tr. Uraksy Alans, i.e. ‘Alans-farmers’) live Huns

150

Hou Han shu: In China, Alans were earlier known as Yancai ("Vast Steppe"). They have about 100,000 bowmen and same way of life and clothes as Kangju and identical with Ta Yüeh-chih. Yancai changed its name to kingdom of Alanliao with capital Di.

150

Hou Han shu: Alans are a dependency of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and middle Jaxartes basins). The climate is temperate. Wax trees, pines, and aconite are plentiful

150

Mid. 2nd century Alans defeated by Roman army at Olvia

160 ca 160 First appearance of Alans in Lower Danube
161 During reign of Marcus Aurelius (161-180), Alans joined Sarmatian federation and Sarmatians became dangerous again. Romans had to fight several bloody wars against Sarmatians and their allies, Marcomanni
167 167/80 Alans in Germanic wars of Marcus Aurelius
167 ca 167-175 First Markoman War. Markomans, Quads, Yazygs in Middle Danube, Roxolans, Alans, Costoboks and Free Dacians in Lower Danube
175 Marcus Aurelius defeats Iazyg tribe of Alans, takes 8000 Sarmatians into Roman service and himself settles with 5,500 of them in Northern Britain at Ribchester south of Lancaster. Alans were assigned to VI Legion Victrix commanded by Alani warlord who was renamed Lucius Artorius Castus. When these auxiliary cataphracti (heavy cavalrymen) retired from duty they were settled near the Lancashire village of Ribchester, known in Roman times as Bremetennacum Veteranorum. In 20th c population along Hadrian Wall  records elevated level of group B blood, 16% vs 8%
180 Rhoxolani, North of East Danube border shortly before death of Marcus Aurelius
178 ca 178-180 Second Markoman War. Dacia is attacked by Markomans, Quads, Yazygs from W., Roxolans, Carpii, Free Dacians from E., Alans from N
185 185/89 Alan raid against Mc'xet'a, capital of Iberia, intercepted by Georgian king Amzasp II
193 193/208 Erakas, "chief interpreter of Alans" at Panticapaeum
210 ca 210 Sarmatians (federated with Alans) occupied Dacia and from then on war against tribes on north bank of Danube was really dangerous
216 End of HUN EMPIRE
End of WESTERN HUN EMPIRE
204 B.C - 48 BC (split) - 216 A.D
Area - At north, Siberia; south, Tibet - Kashmir; east, Pacific Ocean; west, Caspian Sea; (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
Founder - Mete (Bagatir, Maotun, Batur)
216 Western Hun Empire separates into 5 successor states (215-290)
Tele (Gaogyuys)
225

Hou Han shu: Alans were vassals of Kangju (Tashkent plus the Chu, Talas, and middle Jaxartes basins). Now they are no longer vassals

225 Alans allied with Armenian king Xosrov I against Persians
230 ca 230 Goths come to NW Pontic. Roxolans arrive at Tissa plain to Yazygs
235 235-38 Reign of Maximinus, supposedly of Alan descent
238 238/44 Defeat of Gordianus III before Alans at Philippi
242 Alans allied with Goths and Carpi intrude Thrace and defeat Gordian II at Phyllipoly
243 243/73 Expansion of area of influence of Sasanian Persia as far as "Gate of Alans" (Darial) under Sabuhr I
260 Death of usurper Regalianus in Moesia, at  request of Rhoxolani
274 Alans in triumph of Aurelian over Zenobia of Palmyra and Gallic usurper Esuvius Tetricus
276 276/82 Skirmishes between Rome and Alans under Probus
300 by 300, Ammianus, XXXI, 2, 12: Alans "by repeated victories incorporated under their own national name Geloni, Agathyrsi, Melanchlaeni, Anthropophagi, Amazons, and Seres", showing a leadership of powerful state by Ammianus time
300 Goths subjugated Alans with their subjects reaching to Don on E.
330 330/38 Alans allied with Sanesan, king of "Massagetae" (Mazk'owtk'), against Armenian king Xosrov II Kotak
351 351/67 Alans allied with Armenian king Arsak II against Persians
360

Huns cross Volga and attack Alans. Part of Alans retreat to N. Caucasus, part is absorbed in Huns Horde, part retreat to N. Donets. Most likely, after conquest a part of Bulgars joins Huns, and a part remains

360 Jordanes: With approach of Huns Alans revolt against Goths, helping Huns to move against Ostrogoths under Ermanaric. Alans concluded concordia with Huns to move against Ermanaric under unknown terms of alliance
360 Hunno-Alanic alliance guaranteed Alan partner considerable degree of independence and large share of loot. Alans are part of Hunnic confederation (ca 360-398)
370

370-376 War between Alans and Goths.

370

Huns control N. Pontic, Tanais and N. Caspian steppes. Living there Alans join Huns.

372

Don Alans crushed by Huns. Part of Alans joins Huns to Europe

375 EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE
375 – 454 A.D
Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars
Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S& C Germany. From E France to Urals; from N.Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area - 4,000,000 Km2)
375 Ammianus Marcellinus bk. XXXI, 12 considers Alans to be descendents of Massagets
375

Battle between Alans under Bülümar (Jordanes, XLVIII, 249) and Ostrogoths at river Erac (present Tiligul). After death of Vitimir young Vidirix bacame a King. Alatey and Safrac ruled under his name. Ostrogoths retreated to Dniestr.

375

Ammianus Marcellinus: "After his (Hermanaric) departure, Vitimir was made a King, and resisted Halans for some time… But after many defeats he suffered, he was subdued by arms and died in battle"

375 375-383 Alans serve in Gratian's guards. Alania in Lower Danube
375 Subjection of Alans by Huns, Destruction of Ostrogothic realm of Ermanaric by Huns and Alans
376

Huns captured Bessarabia. Alans remained in Dacia. Vestgoths and Ostrogoths, defeated by Huns and Alans, retreated to Danube

376 With Ermanaric's Ostrogoths, Hun's Bülümar (Balamber) acquired not only Alans, but other Ostrogoth subjects. Jordanes: "thirteen peoples which the Amalung ruler Ermanaric conquered in north: Golthescytha (Goths Scyths), Thiudos (Germ. People), Inaunxis?, Vasinabroncae?, Merens (Merya,), Mordens (Mordvins), Imniscaris?, Rogas (Germ.), Tadzans?, Athaul (Türk. Atagul=Archers), Navego?, Bubegenes?, Coldas", plus Heruli, Aesti and Venethi, numerous people Taifali who before 370 held Oltenia and western part of Muntenia. In Gaul Taifali, probably Türkic, and Sarmatians were settled together
377 377/8 Alliance of Huns and Alans with or Barbarians in Moesia
377 Romans cornered Visigoths against Danube, and Ammianus stresses that number of Huns and Alans was small, but they removed Roman siege, threatening rear of Romans
378

Oldest son of Hun's Bulyumar (Balamber) Alyp-bi defeats Sadumts (Goths/Scandinavians), crossed Danube and with Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Alans defeats 80K Byzantium army at Andrianopole.

378 Valeria, the easternmost province of Pannonia, overrun by Goths, Huns, and Alans
378 Visigoths overrun Taifali in Oltenia, and Sarmatae Limigantes, the "slaves" of Sarmatae Argaragantes, join Visigoths sent by Huns to capture Banat (Caucaland), turned against their Argaragante lords. Pannonia Sarmats join Huns
378 Gratian, attacked by Alans in Pannonia. Alans in army of Fritigern, king of Visigoths, in  battle of Adrianople (Aug. 9th). Defeat and death of Emperor Valens. Raids by Goths, Huns and Alans as far as Constantinople
379 Victories of Emperor Theoodosius over Alans, Huns and Goths
380

New Roman Emperor Theodosius settles Gothic problem diplomatically. Goths become federates, and Alans move north

380

380-395 Alans clear Dacia and Bessarabia from Vestgoths, Taifals, Gepids, Burgunds and other peoples. Huns went to Pontic steppes

380 Recruitment of Alans into Roman army by Gratian. Settling of Alan, Hun and Gothic auxiliary troops in Pannonia by Theodosius
383 383/4Alan and Hun auxiliary troops called on by  Frankish magister militum Bauto against Juthungi in Raetiae
390 Ethnographic excursus on Alans by historian Ammianus Marcellinus
394 Saul, general of Theodosius' Alan auxiliary troops in battle of River Frigidus against Arbogast and usurper Flavius Eugenius
395

Hun campaign in Transcaucasus and even raid Syria. Alans, Ostrogoths and Geruls, retreated earlier to Transcaucasus, subordinate to Huns

398 Alan auxiliary troops in Norrn Italy,
400

Alans and Bolgars live between Itil and Don

401 401/10Alans in army of Visigothic king Alaric in Norrn Italy
402

Ruler of Western Empire Stilihon allied with Huns and Alans, who help Stilihon to fight off attack of German tribes

402 Alan auxiliary troops in Stilicho's army in battle of Pollentia against Alaric. Internecine strife between Alans and Huns (location unknown)
402 Orosius: between federates in Roman service after 402... "I say nothing of the many internecine conflicts, when two cunei of Goths, and then Alans and Huns, destroyed one another in mutual slaughter"
402 Hunnic noblemen, Attila's relatives and retainers, have either Turkish or Germanic names. There evidently were few, if any, Alans among leading group
405

New help by Huns and Alans to Stilihon to fight off attack of German tribes (Sweves).

405 Alan and Hun auxiliary troops in army led by Stilicho against Ostrogothic king Radagaisus
406

Alans join Vandals in invasion to Gallia (modern France)

406 Crossing of Rhine by Vandal king Godigisel and Alan king Respendial. Battle against Prankish foederati in Roman service (Dec.31st). Earlier defection of Alan Goar
406 Disintegration of Hun's confederation: Alans left Huns. From 360 to 398 Huns and Alans are constantly named together, Huns mostly, though not always, in first place. In 394 only transdanubian Alans, led by Saul, joined Emperor Theodosius; of the Huns only those in Thrace marched under imperial dragons. Alans, but no Huns, served Stilicho in 398 and, still under Saul, in 402. In 406, however, Stilicho's barbarian auxiliaries consisted of Huns and Goths; his bodyguard was formed by Huns. Huns, but no Alans, served in the Roman army in 409
406 After 406, Western writers knew of Alans only in Gaul, Spain, and Africa. No author of fifth century mentions Alans as allies of Huns
407 Alans settled extensively north of Loire river, once called Armorica, now called Brittany. Alans arrived at about same time as Celtic Britons were fleeing to France after Saxon takeover of England. Alans and Celtic Britons intermarried extensively. Legacy of Alans includes French name "Alain" and its many variations, and cultural foundation of chivalric warfare (armored knights on horseback) =>see 436
407 Invasion of Gaul by Alans, Suebi and Vandals
409

Alans and Vandals moving from Gallia to Spain

409 Part of Alans, with Respendial at helm, intruded into Pyrenean peninsula, where they formed Alanian state. Captured lands were shared between Alans and German tribes of Vandals and Svevs taking part in the invasion
409 Invasion of Spain by Alans, Suebi and Vandals
411 Goar (Goarchur) (?- 415) leads Alans who abandoned his Vandal allies
411 Dividing up of Spain among invaders:  Alans, lords of Lusitania and Carthaginiensis. Failed attempt at an agreement with Emperor Honorius
411 Alans in service of Gerontius, magister milltum of usurper Maximus in Tarraco
411 Proclamation of usurper Jovinus in Mundiacum (Germania Secunda) by Alan Goar and Burgundian Gunthiarius
414 Defection of Alans allied to Visigoths during siege of Vasatae (Aquitaine)
415  Attaces (Addak) (415 - 426) Alanian King killed in battle against the Visigoths
416 Alans were followed into Spain by numerous tribes of Westgoths
416 416/7 Campaigns led by Vallia, king of Visigoths, against Alans and Vandals in Spain
418 Westgoths defeated Alans. Alanian Chief Addak perished in combat. With his doom Alanian state on Pirenean peninsula ceased to exist. From this we can see a possible explanation how ht35 haplotype may have arrived in Spain and subsequently in Spanish Netherlands, which may be of interest in evaluating the DYS393=12 allele
418 Addac, king of Alans in Spain, defeated and killed by Vallia, perhaps at Gibraltar ("in Tartessian lands"). Submission of surviving Alans to Gunderic, king of Asding Vandals in Gallaecia
418 Alans in 418 subjugated themselves to the patrocinium of the Vandal king, they retained their tribal organization until the end of Vandal kingdom
424 424-71 Activity and pre-eminence of family of  Alan Flavius Ardabur Aspar in Byzantium
428 428-77 Geiseric, King of Vandals and Alans. Orga nization of Vandal army in chiliarchies
429 Crossing of Vandals and Alans from Spain to North Africa
436 St. Germanus pleads with Alanic King to spare Armoricans. Alans begin to settle in Armorica  =>see 407
440 Settling in Valence of Alans under chieftain Sambida
442 Settling of Alans in Transalpine Gaul by Aetius
447 447/8 Eochar, king of Alans, sent by Aetius against Bacaudae of Armorica as a reprisal for their revolt, and stopped by St. Germanus, bishop of Auxerre
450 450/60 Expedition of Georgian king Vaxtang Gorgasali against Alans
451

451.06.15 "Battle of Peoples" at Catalaun ravine near present Trua. On Atilla's side are Huns, Geruls, and part of Franks Ostrogoths, on Aecius side Roman legions recruited from Gaul and Germany, Vestgoths, Burgunds, Franks, Armorician Alans headed by Sanhiban. No definite result.

451 Sangiban, king of Alans in Orleans, ally of Aetius and Visigothic king Theodoric in battle of Catalaunian Fields against Attila, king of Huns
453 Subjection of [part of] Alans in [Transalpine] Gaul by Visigothic king Thorismud
454

Jordanes: You could see Goth with lances, Gepids with mad with sword, Rug breaking spears in his wounds, and Swev bravely acting with bat, and Hun with arrow, Alan with heavy, Gerule with light weapons

454

Atilla's son Ellak tried to suppress rebellion, was defeated and died in battle. Remains of Ellak's army retreated east of Carpathians. Two other sons Dengizik and Ernak remained in Dacia and Bessarabia. Alans, led by ruler Kandak were forced to go to Dobrudja

275 End of EUROPEAN HUN EMPIRE
275 – 454 A.D
Founder - brothers Muncuk, Oktar, Rua & Aybars
Area - S Russia, Romania, N Yugoslavia, Hungary, Austria, Chekoslovakia, S& C Germany. From E France to Urals; from N.Hungary to Byzantine Empire (Area - 4,000,000 Km2)
455 Alans in battle at Nedao River (Pannonia) between Ardaric, king of Gepids, and sons of Attila. Later settling in Scythia Minor and Lower Moesia of Alan chieftain Candac
455 Abdaly (Hephthalites) conquer Kushans and invade India
458 Alan auxiliary troops in Majorian's army
464 Beorgor, king of Alans, defeated and killed at Bergamo by patrician Ricimer (Feb. 6th)
468

468 - 469 Danube war between Huns and Byzantium. Bel-Kermek (Hernach) after Dengizik death leads army. Byzantium beats off invasion with difficulty. Byzantium mercenary army consists of Slavs and Alans commanded by Aspar, whose father was Alan

468

"in some respect Danube war of 468 - 469 was a war of Alans and Ants against their former masters, Huns." (G.V.Vernadsky). After Byzantian victory Huns left Dacia and Bessarabia. These provinces opened for Slavic colonization.

477 477-84 Huneric, King of Vandals and Alans
478 Attempted murder of consul Illus, counselor of Emperor Zeno, by an Alan
487 487/8 Expedition from Ravenna against Rugi led by Scirian king Odoacer with an army of Alans
530 530-33 Gelimer, King of Vandals and Alans
531 531/78 Foundation of Darband and fortification of Eastern and Central Caucasus by Sasanian king Husrav Anosruvan against incursions of Northern nomads. Creation of March of Alans
534 Destruction of Vandal kingdom of Africa by Belisarius
548 Alliance made by Gubazes, king of Lazi, with Alans and Sabirs against Iberia at time subjected to Sasanian Persia
549 Alans in expedition of Sasanian general Chorianes (Farroxan) against Lazica
550

Mid. 6th century. Period of king Sarosius' government in Alania. Establishment of tight contacts between Alania and Byzanthia.

550 Geographical description of Caucasus by Procopius of Caesarea
551

Zachariah Ritor: Bulgars and Alans are mentioned once as settled populations with towns, and once as nomads. He points that Bulgarian towns, inhabited lands are immediately next to Caspian gates, while nomads are in steppes north of Caucasus

551

Z. Ritor: "Thirteen peoples Avnagur (Onogur), Avgar, Sabir, Burgar, Alan, Kurtargar, Avar, Hasar, Dirmar, Sirurgur, Bagrasir, Kulas, Abdel and Hephtalit live in tents, earn their living on meat of livestock and fish, of wild animals and by their weapons."

552 GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2)
555 Description of Caucasus by Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
556 Possible territorial conflicts between Alans and Misimians, subjects of king of Lazica
557 Arrival of Avars in land of Sarosius (Sarodius, Saroes), king of Alans
558

Gumilev: Vars (Ugrian tribe, related to Hungarian ancestors Ogors/Ugrs which lived between Itil and Ural rivers, and to Hungarians living in Bashkiria up to XIII c.) and Huni (Khionites = Sarmato-Alanians), both from North of Aral Sea, become known as Avars.

561 Fifty years peace between Justinian and Husrav Anosruvan. Alans and Huns forbidden to cross Darial and Darband to attack Byzantine territory
566

Between 566 and 571 Istemi Djabgu subjugated peoples Banajar, Balanjar (Belenjer) and Khazar. Baranjar (Balanjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars. Khazar influence increased as Khazars became Turks closest allies and assistants.

569 569-571/2 Embassy of Zemarchus to Khanate of Western Turks. Persian attempt to intercept Zemarchus through Alans. On way back, tension between Sarodius, king of Alans, and Turkic ambassadors
572 Saroes, king of Alans, ally of John, strategos of Armenia, against Persians
574 574/78 Alans (allies of Persians) captured and taken as hostages to Byzantium under Tiberius Constantine
576 Possible subjection of [part of] Alans by Western Turks
580 Incursion of Alans in pay of Byzantium against Persian Azerbaijan
642 Campaign of Hudaifa b. Asid (Asad), general of Caliph 'Umar I, in mountains of Alans. Fortification of passes of Central Caucasus by Arabs
651

With loss of W.Khaganate rule, former confedrate Khazaria with attached Bolgar Kutugurs, Alans, Slavs and Itil Bolgars gain independence. Khazars keep Khagan from dynasty Ashina.

651

Defeat of Khazar-Alan army by Abd Al Rahman Arabs in Euphrates battle

655

Gumilev: Khazars cooperate with Iranian speaking Alans

662 662/3 Muslim expedition against Alans
670

Bat-Boyan Bolgars are defeated by Khazars. Khazars recover territory with east Bolgar (Utugur) and Alan populations.

682

Albanian missionary bishop Israel describes "Kingdom of Huns" (Belenjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri cult of Northern Dagestan Baranjar (Balanjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars

705 705/15 Adventures of spatharius Leo (future Emperor Leo III) in Caucasus. Alan raids against Abasgia (under Arab rule) instigated by Justinian II
715 715/20 Arab expedition against Alans under Caliph 'Umar II
721 721/2 Invasion of country of Alans by Turks (Khazars)
722

Second Khazar - Arab war (722-737) First campaign of Arabian troops led by Zh. Jirrah in Northern Caucasus against Alans and Khazars

722 722/3 Defeat of Arab general Tabit al-Nahram by Alans and Khazars
723

Khazars lose Balanjar to Arabs, move capital to Samandar

723 723/4 Expedition against Alans and Khazars led by al Jarrah b. 'Abdallah al-Hakami
724 724/5 Alans, tributary people to Umayyad Caliphate as a result of expedition against them led by al-Hajjaj b. 'Abd al-Malik
728 728/9 Expedition against Turks (Khazars) led by Maslamah b. 'Abd al-Malik through Gate of Alans (Darial)
730 730/1 Defeat and death of al-Jarrah b. 'Abdallah al Hakami at hands of Turkic (Khazar) invaders from country of Alans
735

Campaign of Arabian military leader Mervan Kru in Alania. Alanian king Itaz

735 735/6 Conquest of three fortresses in country of Alans by Marwan b. Muhammad
737 737/8 Expedition against country of Khazars led by Marwan b. Muhammad through Gate of Alans
751 Alan auxiliary troops in Armenia serving in army of Constantine V
758 Conquest of Gate of Alans by Yazid b. Usayd b. Sulami
772

War between Greeks and Bulgars. Khazaria unites with Alania

776 St. Beat map between eastuaries of Danube and Dniestr shown country Alania
820 820/23 Alans in army of Thomas Slav, leader of revolt against Byzantine Emperor Michael II
842 842/47 Travel of Sallam, interpreter to court of king of Khazars, through country of Alans
851 851/2 Expedition of Turk Abu Musa Buga Elder against Georgians, Abkhaz, Alans and Khazars. One hundred Alan households deported to Dmanisi (Tasiri)
888 888-907--Alan I the Great, King of Brittany
888 888/923 Alan Baqat'ar, ally of Bagrat I of Abkhazia against Georgian king Adarnase II
895

Alans and Bulgars freed from Khazar power

900 Alano-Khazar war during reign of Aaron, king of Khazaria
903 903/13 Geographical description of kingdom of Alania by Ibn Rustah
905 905/15 Conversion of king of Alans to Christianity through intercession of exusiastes of Abasgia. Beginning of mission of Peter, Archbishop of Alania
910

First missions of Christian preachers from Byzantine to Alania. Establishing Alan arch-episcopate. Peter a first arch-bishop of Alania

920

Khazars fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or As), Oghuz, Byzantines, Kengeres and Kara Bolgars

924 Attempt at an anti-Bulgarian alliance by Emperor Romanus I Lecapenus with Ruses, Pechenegs, Alans and Magyars
930

Khazars ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage

931 Christian religion abjured by Alans. Expulsion of bishops and priests sent by Byzantine Emperor
943 943/56 Geographical description of kingdom of Alania by al-Mas'udi. First recorded appearance of its capital city, Magas. Alliance between king of Alans and king of Daghestan Avars
944 944/5 Incursion of Alans, Russians and Lesghians against Arran
945 945/59 First recorded appearance of exusiocrator of Alania (dated during reign and literary activity of Constantine Porphyrogenitus)
965 Destruction of Khazar Empire and defeat of Alans and Circassians by Rus prince Svyatoslav of Kyiv
977 Ibn Haukal in the "Face of the Earth" records that Azeri and Persian languages were being used as Lingua Franca across the Caucasus
1014 1014/27 Alda, Alan princess, wife of Giorgi I of Georgia
1029 Death of Urdure, king of Alans, slain in battle by Kwirike III, king of Kaxet'i
1029 Expedition led by prince Yaroslav Wise of Kyiv against Alans
1032 1032-33 Failed incursions of Alans, Avars and Ruses against Muslim city-states of Sarwan and Darband, in East Transcaucasia
1050 1050/55 Love affair between Emperor Constantine IX Monomachus and a daughter of king of Alania
1062 1062/65 Alan raids through Darial against Saddadid emirate of Arran (East Transcaucasia). Dorgoleli, king of Alans. Marriage of Georgian king Bagrat IV with Alan princess Borena
1065

Visit of Alanian king Durguleit Great to Georgian king Bagrat IV in Kutais

1066 Many Bretons of Alanic ancestry joined William The Conqueror in the conquest of Britain, contributing military tactics inherited from their forebears, and later spread their genetic influence across Britain into Scotland and elsewhere. One of the highest frequencies of R1b Haplotype 35 anywhere in the Y-STR database is among sample from Paris, France, adjacent to Normandy, and even more so, among Americans of "Cajun" descent. "Cajun" is actually a colloquial contraction of the word "Acadian" (now Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and portions of northern Maine). Majority of early French Canadian settlers of both Acadia and Quebec were of Norman or Breton origin. Many Scottish families who exhibit DYS393=12 marker are as likely to be descended from the Alans who arrived with the Normans, as from the Sarmatians who came with the Romans
1072

Marriage of Maria of Alania with Byzantine emperor Michael VII Duca Parapinaces (1071-1078 d. 1078). Marriage of Georgian king George III with Alanian princess Burduhan

1072 1072/75 Recruitment of mercenary troops in Alania by Michael VII Ducas in order to face revolt of Norman Roussel of Bailleul. Alan mercenaries in service of Comneni brothers in Anatolia
1075 1075/95 Intrigues in Byzantium of Maria of Alania, wife of Michael VII Ducas and Nicephorus III Botaneiates. Irene of Alania, wife of Sebastocrator Isaac Comnenus
1089

King of Ovs (As, Alans) David Soslan's son marries Queen Tamar

1099

Formation of Karachai-Balkarian (Alan) people completed.

1107 1107/8 Rhosmices, exusiocrator of Alania, in service of  Byzantines during invasion of Epirus by Norman prince Bohemund of Antioch
1116

Don Kipchaks are again invaded and defeated by Russian Princes. Cities Sharukhan, Sugrov and Balin with Alano-Bulgar populations are taken

1116 Rus expedition against Cumans. Marriage of Yaropolk, son of Vladimir II Monomah of Kyiv, to Alan princess
1116 Alan mercenaries in army recruited by Alexius I Comnenus to face Turks of Seljuq Sultan Melik Shah
1118

Kipchaks make peace with Alans. Khan Otrak has 40K army and is allied with Georgian King David IV the Builder, and participates in war with Seljuks. A number of Kipchaks settle in Georgia

1130 Abu Hamid al-Garnatfs stay in Darband
1150 Khuddan, king of Alans. Marriage of Georgian prince Giorgi to Alan princess Burdukhan
1150 Hieronim's map names Danube tributary r. Pruth "Alanus"
1153 Ibn al-Azraq's journey to Alania together with Georgian king Demetre I
1155 1155/6 Alan mercenaries in expedition to re-conquer Italy sent by Emperor Manuel I Comnenus
1160 1160/73 Benjamin of Tudela's journeys. Evidence for Jewish communities in Alania
1173 1173/4 Incursion of Alans, Ruses, Cumans and Avars in service of Bekbars of Darband against Sirwansah Ahsatan b. Manucehr
1175 Brother of the "Yasian Princess" (brother-in-law of Prince) Alanian majordomo Küchük Anbal (Turk. "small" + "son of concubine") killed Prince A. Bogolubsky
1184 1184/1212 Marriage of Georgian queen T'amar with Alan Davit Soslan
1185 Alan mercenaries in defence and reconquest of Thessalonica against Normans of Sicily
1189 Annihilation of a corps of Alan mercenaries near Philippopolis (Plovdiv) by crusaders of German Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa
1222

Defeat of Alans and Kipchaks in first fight against Mongol-Tatars. Mongol-Tatars seizing capital of Alania Magas (Meget)

1222 First Mongol expedition against Caucasus: defeat of Alans and Cumans
1225 1225/30 Alans in service of Georgian queen Rusudan against invasion of Hwarezmsah Galal al-Din
1226 1226/40 Pastoral journey of bishop Theodore to metropolitan see of Alania
1229 1229/59 Subjection and transfer to China of Alan families by Mongols during reigns of Ogodei and Mongke
1236 1236/7 Qachir-Ukule, amir of Ases, captured and executed by Mongke on shores of Volga
1239

Assimilation of Alania into Ulus Juchi

   
1239 1239/40 Alans and their capital *Magas conquered by Mongols
1243 1243/69 Marriage of Georgian king Davit VII Ulu (Turk. "David Uĝlu = Great") to Alan [princess?] named Altun (Turk. "Gold")
1245 1245/55 Reported resistance to Mongols by part of Alans in Caucasus
1253 1253/55 Journey of Friar William of Rubruck to Mongol Empire. Alans in Qara Qorum.
1258 1258/1368 Military activity of Alan mercenaries in service of Mongol Yuan dynasty in China
1261 Diplomatic relations between Mamluk Sultan al-Malik al-Zahir and Berke, Khan of Kipchak Khanate, through Alan merchants
1263 1263/64 Reported Alan settlements in Crimea
1275 Massacre of a garrison of [Christian] Alans in service of Mongol general Bayan in Chinese city of Zhenchao (Jiangsu)
1277 1277/78 Expedition of Rus princes against Alans sent by Khan of Kipchak Khanate Mongke Termir
1278

Mongol-Tatars and Russians seize Alanian town Dediakov.

1280 1280/1300 Alans in service of Mongol chieftain Noyai in Kipchak Khanate
1290 1290/1300 Raids led by Alan prince Parejan in Georgia
1298 1298/99 Alan merchants in Caffa (Crimea) during sacking of city by Mongol chieftain Noyai
1300 1300/1 Civil war in Kipchak Khanate. Levy of army by Jöge, son of Nogai, in "country of Alans", probably in Moldavia
1300 1300/10 Raids led by Alan Bagatar in Georgia
1301 1301/65 Trading of Alan slaves from Italian colonies in North of Black Sea to Europe
1302 1302/4 Arrival of of Alanian mercenaries contingent in Byzantium. Military activity against Turks
1304

Byzantines recruit Caucasus Alans as proxy allies

1304 1304/6 Clashes between Alanian mercenaries and Catalan Grand Company in lands of Byzantine Empire
1310 1310/23 Thirty thousand Alans in service of Mongol Yuan Emperors in China
1314 1314/46 Defeat and expulsion of Alans from Georgia by king Georgi V Illustrious
1318 First recorded testimony of presence of Alans (Yasses/Jasses) in Hungary
1322 Itiles (i.e. Itil) and Temeres (i.e Timur) Alans in service of Bulgarian Tsar George II Terter, in charge of defence of Philippopolis against Byzantines
1329 Death of Sayf al-Din Bahadur As (i.e. Asian Bogatyr), renowned Alan Mamluk in Egypt
1333 Ibn Battuta's stay in Kipchak Khanate. Muslim Alans in Sarai al Djadid, capital city of Özbeg Kagan
1336 1336-53 Embassy sent by Mongol Emperor Togon Temur and five Alan princes in China to Pope Benedict XII. Mission of Friar John of Marignolli in Khan Baliq (Beyjing)
1349 John Cantacuzenus, "Emperor of Alans"
1395

Tamerlan army invasion in Northern Caucasus, mass murder of Alanian population

1400 1400/34 Activity of Alan chieftain Arugtai in Mongolia
1690

2nd half 17 - beg. 18 century Kabardins (Adyg group) populate plains of Alania

1890

Alans, like Scythians and Sarmatians, are suggested to be re-classified as Ossetian/Iranian/Indo-European speakers, and gradually become titled always only as “Iranian-speaking Alanians”, while the simple "Alans" totally disappear

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  Quote Nick1986 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Dec-2011 at 19:14
I think this might interest Alani Dragon
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Dec-2011 at 20:11
Originally posted by Nick1986

I think this might interest Alani Dragon

Indeed, Nick, I do find this interesting. It reminds me to ask the question, why so little in history books about the Alani/Alans when there was obviously such a wealth of activity of these people?Smile
What a handsome figure of a dragon. No wonder I fall madly in love with the Alani Dragon now, the avatar, it's a gorgeous dragon picture.
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  Quote Ollios Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Dec-2011 at 20:47
Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising


It reminds me to ask the question, why so little in history books about the Alani/Alans when there was obviously such a wealth of activity of these people?Smile


It is destiny of all nomadic people
Ellerin Kabe'si var,
Benim Kabem İnsandır
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 04-Dec-2011 at 07:31
Originally posted by Ollios

Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising


It reminds me to ask the question, why so little in history books about the Alani/Alans when there was obviously such a wealth of activity of these people?Smile


It is destiny of all nomadic people

I guess you're not including the Mongols, the Huns, and the Scythians. Shift+R improves the quality of this image. Shift+A improves the quality of all images on this page.
What a handsome figure of a dragon. No wonder I fall madly in love with the Alani Dragon now, the avatar, it's a gorgeous dragon picture.
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  Quote Nick1986 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 05-Dec-2011 at 19:04
I wish i knew more about them. There must be more to the Alans than simple barbarian raiders
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 21-Dec-2011 at 10:53
Originally posted by Nick1986

I wish i knew more about them. There must be more to the Alans than simple barbarian raiders
In the west one aspect comes with the Breton Knights, but there will be many more. I only know very small bits about them in eastern Europe, and I wish I knew more. I know there were Alans known as the Asud as body guard to Kublai Khan. I find it hard to see them as barbarians considering they would have resembled knights in shining armour, albeit scale armour.
What a handsome figure of a dragon. No wonder I fall madly in love with the Alani Dragon now, the avatar, it's a gorgeous dragon picture.
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 06-Jan-2012 at 13:02
I have read about Alans mixing with many peoples across eastern Europe, and here is one example I've found:

The Proto-Bulgarians north of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov in the VIII-IX cc.

The continuous excavations in the lands to the north of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov reveal that during the VIII-IX cc. they were inhabited by numerous population, who had created the so called Saltovo-Majack culture. Its bearers had been mainly Proto-Bulgarians and Alans [1]. Particularly important is the fact that while the nomadic Proto-Bulgarians had left virtually no traces prior to the VIII c., in the middle of the VIII c. there appeared many permanent settlements and fortified sites [2]. The appearance and development of the Saltovo-Majack culture were stimulated by the settlement down of the Alans and the Proto-Bulgarians and by the internal stabilization of the Khazar Khaganate. The highest concentration of Saltovo-Majack finds occurs in the lands along the rivers Don and Severski Doneck, and they show many similarities with the culture of Danube Bulgaria.

It is generally assumed that the Alans of the upper courses of Don and Severski Doneck were immigrants from the Fore-Caucasus, which they were forced to leave after the Arabian expansion. Immediately after reaching their new lands they settled down. This is an evidence that they were sedentary people even before the migration. It seems that some Alans-nomads, who before that lived the same nomadic life as the Proto-Bulgarians of the north Black Sea steppes, also settled down. This increased significantly the number of settled Alans....

http://www.kroraina.com/p_bulgar/p_bulg8.html

What a handsome figure of a dragon. No wonder I fall madly in love with the Alani Dragon now, the avatar, it's a gorgeous dragon picture.
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  Quote Nick1986 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Jan-2012 at 19:58
According to Gibbon the Alani were a tribe of Scythian horsemen. Originally they were allies of Rome but after Aurelian's death they turned on their employers for denying them the opportunity of sacking Persia
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Jan-2012 at 20:38
Originally posted by Nick1986

According to Gibbon the Alani were a tribe of Scythian horsemen. Originally they were allies of Rome but after Aurelian's death they turned on their employers for denying them the opportunity of sacking Persia
Yes, Nick, the term Scythian was a bit of a cover all expression, and often used. I think by the time the Alani were named so there were no Scythians as such, though I think I did read somewhere of the term Royal Scythians on the odd occasion being used in order to describe their origins. As for turning on their employers, it could be, they were probably one of the most widely used mercenaries, with many many battles being fought where Alani warriors were on either side.Shift+R improves the quality of this image. Shift+A improves the quality of all images on this page.  
What a handsome figure of a dragon. No wonder I fall madly in love with the Alani Dragon now, the avatar, it's a gorgeous dragon picture.
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  Quote Nick1986 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Jan-2012 at 19:56
Gibbon blames the fall of Rome on the death of Aurelian which forced the Romans to call off their assault on Persia. The Alani felt betrayed and attacked the Romans to regain their honor:
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Jan-2012 at 20:18
Originally posted by Nick1986

Gibbon blames the fall of Rome on the death of Aurelian which forced the Romans to call off their assault on Persia. The Alani felt betrayed and attacked the Romans to regain their honor:
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
I think at best, Aurelian, steadied the ship somewhat before an increasing storm. In fact the Alani, to name one from a few, went on to extend the life of the Western Roman Empire by a couple a hundred years, by replacing lost Roman soldiers. There were many groups of Alani, the group you mentions was but one. 
What a handsome figure of a dragon. No wonder I fall madly in love with the Alani Dragon now, the avatar, it's a gorgeous dragon picture.
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  Quote TheAlaniDragonRising Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 12-Jan-2012 at 12:10
I just remembered this about Alans being the Asud too.

[QUOTE]
Asud (Asuud, Асууд) were a guard and military group of Alani origin. The Mongol clan Asud is the plural of As, the Arabic name for the Alans.

After the Mongol invasion of Rus, many Alans submitted to the Mongol Empire. Some of them resisted the Golden Horde longer. Many warriors moved from Northern Caucasia to Mongolia. It is also claimed that they helped their new masters to fight against the Circassians and that they participated in the Mongol invasion of Europe. Under the rule of Mongke Khan, they fought against the Chinese Song Dynasty and Nanchao in Yunnan in 1258-1259. The Alan imperial guard was divided into 2 corps with headquarters in Karakorum.

After the coronation of Kublai Khan, those Alans participated in the campaign against Ariq Boke and later Qaidu under the Yuan Dynasty. They suffered heavy losses from Song resistance when they were under the command of Bayan of the Baarin and Aju.

Kublai Khan organized them into the Jasin guard (Alan guard) of 3,000 soldiers around 1271, along with some of the Kipchaks. The Alani guard reached its peak during the reign of Tugh Temur and their number expanded to 30,000. They remained influential in Mongolia until the 15th century, when the Oirats conquered Mongolia. During the 15-16th centuries, they formed part of the Yungshebiyu tumen in central Inner Mongolia.

Today, there are few people with the clan name Asud in Aru Khorchin banner, Inner Mongolia and Mongolia.[/QUOTE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asud



Edited by TheAlaniDragonRising - 12-Jan-2012 at 12:14
What a handsome figure of a dragon. No wonder I fall madly in love with the Alani Dragon now, the avatar, it's a gorgeous dragon picture.
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  Quote Sarmata Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 18-Apr-2012 at 00:55
I encourage anyone who is interested in the Alani/Sarmatians to check out the book "Black Sea: The Birthplace of Civilisation and Barbarism" by Neal Ascherson.

One of the most interesting points the author presents is that there may be something to the whole Sarmatist ideaology in sixteenth century Poland, and the Alani play a big role in this.

"The early history of the Slavs is bound up with the late history of the Sarmatians, and with their gradual arrival in central and Western Europe. The Iazygians, who ended up at Ribchester, were the first Sarmatian people to reach the Roman frontier on the middle Danube. The last group to follow that route was the huge tribal confederation knows as the Alans.[...]
Early in the third century, a new ruling group, heavily armed and wealthy, entered what is now southern Poland. When they buried their dead, they equipped them with wheel-turned pottery made on the northern Black Sea coasts. Sarmatian brooches and lances with iron heads inlaid silver. They were unmistakeably a Sarmatian people, possibly the Antae, and their material culture showed that they had been in long and close contact with the Bosporan Kingdom. But the surest evidence for hat contact - and the key exhibit in the argument about the Sarmatian ancestry of the Poles - is the tamga.
[...]The Polish tamgas do not show just that Sarmatians arrived there. They can be read to suggest that the Sarmatians nver went away. Long before a Polish archaeologist, the late Tadeusz Sulimirski, made this case, chroniclers and geneaologists had noticed that the heraldic clan symbols used by the old Polish nobility looked like tamgas. In fact, the older these crests were, the more strikingly 'Sarmatian', or rather Bosporan, they looked. This is not a matter of the great Sarmatism fad which began in the sixteenth century; such crests had been used as the devices of clans in the Middle Ages, long before Sarmatism had been invented. Where, then, had they come from?
[...]The Antae, a component group of the Eastern Alans, were not wiped out by the Hun invasion of Poland which took place in the fifth century, and 'their descendants... retained their high social position.' It must therefore be assumed, says Sulimirski, that 'a significant part' of the Polish szlachta really does originate with the Sarmatian Alans."
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  Quote oxydracae Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 22-Apr-2012 at 01:59
Originally posted by Ollios

Originally posted by TheAlaniDragonRising


It reminds me to ask the question, why so little in history books about the Alani/Alans when there was obviously such a wealth of activity of these people?Smile


It is destiny of all nomadic people
 
I think it is because the recorded history of these Nomadic people is very scarce.. an entire information comes from the writings of foreigners...
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