Oghuz Turkic in Diwan-ul Lughat-ul Turk

Notes: Structures like “kese-sy” instead of “kes-gy” or “ala-sy” instead of “al-ghu” is usual of Eastern Anatolian and Azeri. Turkmen uses “kes-gy” or “al-ghy” here. Also, “baldu” or “balda” is used in Azeri; Turkmen form is “palta”.

4- “ Shifts: Oghuzes and Qipchaqs changes ‘y’ in the initial position of nouns and verbs to ‘i’ and ‘j’ (respectively). … ‘lukewarm water’ is called ‘yiliq suw’ by other Turks and ‘iligh’ by Oghuzes. “

6- “The consonant ‘q’ is changed to ‘k’ in Oghuz Turkic… “

Note: This is usual of Turkish and Azeri. Turkmen “qara” (black) is “kara” in Turkish and “gara” in Azeri.

8- Under the entry “uch” (problem; difficulty): “They say in Oghuz Turkic: ‘...boyda ne uch bar?’ (...what’s the difficulty among the tribe?) “

Note: According to Kashghari, and as we know about reducing the initial Turkic ‘b’ into ‘v’ in Turkish and Azeri, so ‘boyda ne uch bar’ is Turkmen. Turkish and Azeri say “var” instead of “bar”.

10- Under the entry “emür”: “in Oghuz Turkic, fog, mist”

Note: “Ümür” (as we say) exists only in Turkmen; but not in Turkish or Azeri.

Note: “Öndür”, with the structure “(the stem) ön+ (relative) dür” (“ön”, meaning “to grow; to sprout) exists in Turkmen only.

16- Under the entry “tawar”: “live or dead animal; Oghuzes and their similar clans pronounce it with ‘v’ and say ‘tavar’ “

Note: “Tavar” and its lightened form ‘davar’ is exclusive to Turkish and Azeri. Turkmen pronounce this word with ‘w’. 

Conclusion:

About nouns and verbs mentioned by Kashghari, we should note that the Altaic stems have been preserved in ALL Turkic languages. The difference is only in the way one dialect expands the word (based on prefixes, suffixes, etc.). And THIS is what distinguishes, let’s say, Turkmen and Kazak, or Turkmen (at one side) and Turkish & Azeri (at the other side). For example:

In Diwan-ul Lughat-ul Turk, under the entry “alyq”, it says: “in Oghuz and Qipchaq Turkic, mean and low of something”. 

The Proto-Turkic form for this word was “alV” (“al”+ a consonant) which has been preserved as “al-cha-q” in both Turkmen and Turkish. But “al+yq” is exclusive to Turkmen; so, here, Kasghari meant (mother) Turkmen language – not Turkish or Azeri. 

-So, that's a problem! In the first category, Kashghari names some neighbor tribes (Turkmens, at that time, lived in present-day Kazakstan) such as Qyrqizes, Oghuzes, Tokhsi as speakers of PURE Turkic. Here, Kashghari says "they have a UNITED language". But then, in the second classification, Oghuzes are classified as "people, close to Rome, who speak a broken Turkic dialect". Two Oghuzes with differnet dialects in two different locations? This is contadictory, isnt' it? Unless if these 2 Oghuzes were different geographical groups under the same general name "Oghuz".

-About "ben": yes, Eastern Anatolians use "men"; but still "ben" is exclusive to Turkish. And I don't think it's a "recent change" as you call it; but rather an old word, brought in use again. In fact, Proto-Turkic form for "I" is "be-(n)".

-Turkmen doesn't say "gahraman"; "gahraman" is Azeri-style. That would be "ghahraman" in Turkmen. Anyhow, again, like the case above, this shift exists only in Turkish and Azeri. 

- The exact sentence: “Oghuzes, when speaking of doing something, use ‘etty’ “. For sure, "et-mek" is used in Turkish and Azeri too - since it's a common Turkic verb. "Teshekkür et-mek" is "the act of thanking someone". But when talking about "accomplishing something", Turkish people use "yapti", unlike Turkmen "etti". Although it's meaningful to say "bunu etmen lazim" ("you should do this") in Turkish, but you don't say so (or "böyle et" = "act so; do so"), do you?

-About "Alyq": I think I haven't explained this section well. I mean, although "alV" has been preserved as "al-chaq" in both Turkmen and Turkish, but "al-yq" (of the same stem) which Kashghari says it's Oghuz, exists only in Turkmen. Turkish and Azeri don't have such a word. So, the Oghuz dialect mentioned here, would be Turkmen.