Egypt: -- Mesopotamia/Iraq:
Semainian -- Uruk (ref Childe, Hrozny) |
Both Childe and Hrozny are out of date in regards to chronology. Childe's expertise was archaeological methodology and Hrozny's was Hittitology. We now know that Semainian is 1st Dynasty. The synchronism with Uruk is now Naqada I, II, and III.
Old Kingdom -- Ur 0/1 graves (ref Waddell) |
Waddell, I'm not familiar with. However, the Royal Tombs of Ur date squarely to Sumerian Early Dynastic III period (c. 2600-2350 BC) more specifically (c. 2550-2450 BC), so yeah they would be contemporary with Egyptian Old Kingdom but earlier than the Akkadian Period, hence earlier than Egyptian 6th Dynasty.
3rd/4th dyn -Egyptian Byblos - Lagash (ref T&H, Alford, ...)? |
The 3rd and 4th Egyptian dynasties collectively were between c. 2680 and 2400 BC (middle chronologies). Lagash I (Ur-Nanshe dynasty) was between c. 2500 and 2340 BC, so yeah there was some overlap of time, there.
4-6th dyn -- Lagash (ref Sayce) |
The Egyptian 4th through 6th Dynasties lasted from c. 2600 to 2190 BC (middle chronologies). Again, Lagash I (Ur-Nanshe dynasty) was between c. 2500-2340 BC, so more accurately they were contemporary if we exclude 6th dynasty and just include Egyptian dynasties 4 and 5 (c. 2600-2350 BC)
"6th dyn - Ebla - Akkad?" |
This is the current concensus. The archaeology indicates that Ebla was destroyed by about 2300 BC. Mari was destroyed about the same time. The narrative regarding Sargon mentions that he conquered both Ebla and Mari. The earlier literature did however date the destruction of Ebla to about 2250 BC and speculated that it was Sargon's grandson Naram-Sin who destroyed it, but since then Ebla's destruction is now put at about 2300 BC.
Middle Kingdom -- Mari (ref Childe) |
The Egyptian Middle Kingdom (11th to 14th Dynasties, c. 2050-1650 BC) and Mari (Shakkanaku Dynasty, c. 2266-1850 BC; Lim Dynasty, 1830-1761 BC) were contemporary, so, yeah.
13th dyn - Yantin - Babylon 1 dyn (ref Rohl, etc) |
Apparently Neferhotep I of the 13th dynasty was overlord of Yantin (Intin) the governor of Byblos who may have been the Yantin-'Ammu of the Mari Archive of Zimrilim who was contemporary of Hammurabi of Babylon. Precarious synchronism, but not unlikely.
Hyksos scarab at Baghdad (ref Velikovsky) |
Velikovsky's expertise was in psychiatry and psychology and has no standing in ancient middle eastern history, linguistics, or archaeology. His writings are relegated as examples of pseudo-science in the academic community.
"Hyksos afraid of Assyrians" (Josephus) |
This is Josephus's interpretation. He was no authority on Mesopotamian history. The Hyksos presence in Egypt (15th Dynasty, c. 1650-1550 BC) coincided with the Hittite Old Kingdom which invaded and conquered Syria during the same period. Assyria was either under Babylonian domination or very weak given that the greater part of northern Mesopotamia was under Hurrian domination which led to the formation of the early Mitanni kingdom by c. 1550 BC under Kirta.
Nahrina was just another name for Mitanni, so 18th Dynasty (c. 1550-1300 BC) and Mitanni (c. 1550-1250 BC) synchronism is correct.
18th dyn -- Hatti, Mitanni, Middle Assyrian, Kassi (ref Amarna) |
yes
19th dyn - Kadesh - Hittites |
yes
19/20/22 dyn Seapeoples -- Toakkari Sea Peoples depicted in Assyrian? |
I'm assuming that by "Toakkari" you mean the Tjekker? I am not aware of any Assyrian reference to Sea Peoples. The Tjekker in the 11th century were located at Dor.
22nd dyn - Phoenicians, - Assyrians (refs Rohl, Weigall, Bey) |
23rd dyn Osorkon 4 -- Sargon 2
25th dyn Shebitku -- Sargon 2 25th dyn (Taharka) -- Assyrian (Esarhaddon) 26th (Psamtek) -- Assyrian (Ashurbanipal)
26th dyn (Neco) - Carchemish - Neo-Babylonian Persians[/quote]
These synchronisms reflect what I posted above
Macedonian Ptolemaic -- Seleucid
Mubarak -- Hussein |
These go beyond the scope of my synchronisms
Old Kingdom graves and Ur 0/1 graves are said to be similar or have similarities (ref Waddell). |
But let's be clear about this. There are NO contemporary evidence of contacts between the two regions. Similarities could mean anything. From the much more documentary evidence from the Egyptian Old Kingdom from the period c. 2600-2350 BC the only evidence of contact with western Asia are in the form of artefacts and descriptions of contacts with the Sinai, and Syria-Palestine.
Both the 3rd/4th dyn and Lagash traded with Byblos for wood? |
The Lagash evidence only describes the Cedar Forest which didn't necessarily mean that there was contact with Byblos. More than likely would have been contacts with Ebla, since the Eblaite archive does describe contacts with Sumer.
6th dyn & Ebla & Accad are supposedly synchronous because interconnection between them, but it is said that it depends on context and possible time gap between 6th dyn & Ebla and/or Ebla & Accad. |
The current archaeology dates the destruction of Ebla by about 2300 BC. In the destruction level of Palace G was found the cartouche of Pepi I, and since some chronological constructs do date him (independently of the Mesopotamian chronology) in the period just prior to its destruction, either he was a contemporary of Sargon, an older contemporary, or at least a generation earlier than Sargon.
Lagash 1 or 2 is synchronous with 4th to 6th dynasty pyramid builders because a Lagash statue/picture had same measurements. Not sure if it is Lagash 1 or 2 though. If it is 1 then confirms Accad with 6th dyn, but if it is 2 then confirms Accad may really match 4th dynasty. |
Again, one shouldn't place too much emphasis on such coincidences since even the purpose of such measurements are widely different. Your "Lagash 2" (Gudea dynasty?) dates from the time just prior to Ur III (beginning about 2113 BC).
(In my biblical findings Accad dynasty comes between Joseph (3rd-4th dyn) and Moses (6th? & 12th dyn). If Accad is 4th dyn then it is time of Joseph, if it is 6th dyn then time of Moses or between Joseph (4th dyn) and Moses (12th dyn). The worldwide famine you mentioned resembles Joseph's. Manishtusu resembles Manasseh & Menkaure/Mycerinus. Rimush/Mush of Akkad resembles Ramses/Moses. 2 suns in Naramsin resemble Joshua halt sun.) |
Well, you know my opinion on your biblical synchronisms, and so I'll just leave it at that. I'll only concern myself with the inscriptional and documentary evidence.
Amarna & Kassite & Mitanni & Mid-Assyrian are synchronism because Amarna letters confirm all as contemporaries. |
Yes
13th dyn & Yantin & 1st Babylonian dyn are synchronous because ancient evidence/source connects them as contemporaries. |
As I've written above, this is precarious, but not unlikely. It is precarious because there may have been more then one "Yantin" governor of Byblos. We just don't have a good list of rulers of Byblos for the period. I will accept this, for the time being, though.
22nd dynasty names Osorkon, Takeloth, Nimlot are similar to Assyrian names. |
Umm, no. Direct Assyrian contact with Egypt only dates from Sargon's raid on an Egyptian border town about 716 BC which resulted in Osorkon (Shilkanni in the Assyrian inscription) giving him a tribute of horses, after which the Assyrian king withdrew.
(Sheshonk is similar to Elamite Susinak?) |
Sheshonq's ancestry is Libyan. Susinak is an element of the Elamite deity name In-shushinak. There is no evidence of an Elamite empire stretching that far into Libya, otherwise we should have evidence of the name of the deity stretching the entire length of the fertile crescent into Egypt, (prior to the Libyan period) and into Libya itself. The Elamite city of Susa (Shushan) was named after the name of the deity, and is ancient, dating back to about 4200 BC.
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