In Salem Village in the winter months of 1692, Betty Page 9, and her cousin Abigail Williams, age 11, the daughter and
niece (respectively) of the Reverend Samuel Parris, began to have fits
described as “beyond the power of Epileptic Fits or natural disease to
effect” by John Hale, minister in nearby Beverly.[24] The girls
screamed, threw things about the room, uttered strange sounds, crawled
under furniture, and contorted themselves into peculiar positions,
according to the eyewitness account of Rev. Deodat Lawson, a former
minister in the town. The girls complained of being pinched and pricked
with pins. A doctor, historically assumed to be William Griggs, could
find no physical evidence of any ailment. Other young women in the
village began to exhibit similar behaviors. When Lawson preached in the
Salem Village meetinghouse, he was interrupted several times by
outbursts of the afflicted.
The first three people accused and arrested for allegedly afflicting
Betty Parris, Abigail Williams, 12-year-old Ann Putnam, Jr., and
Elizabeth Hubbard were Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba. The
accusation by Ann Putnam Jr. is seen by historians as evidence that a
family feud may have been a major cause of the Witch Trials. Salem was
the home of a vicious rivalry between the Putnam and Porter families.
The people of Salem were all engaged in this rivalry. Salem citizens
would often engage in heated debates that would escalate into full
fledged fighting, based solely on their opinion regarding this feud...."
Ancient Rome - on 1st of March the Matonalia Festival, a feast of Juno, was celebrated: "...MATRONA′LIA,
also called
MATRONA′LES FE′RIAE,
a festival celebrated by the Roman matrons on the 1st of March in honour of
Juno Lucina. From the many reasons which Ovid gives why the festival
was kept on this day, it is evident that there was no certain tradition
on the subject; but the prevailing opinion seems to have been that it
was instituted in memory of the peace between the Romans and the
Sabines, which was brought about by means of the Sabine women. At this
festival wives used to receive presents from their husbands, and at a
later time girls from their lovers; mistresses also were accustomed to
feast their female slaves. Hence we find the festival called by Martial
the
Saturnalia
of women (Ov. Fast. III.229, &c.;
Plaut. Mil. III.1.97; Tibull. III.1;
Hor. Carm. III.8;
Mart. V.84.11;
Suet. Vesp. 19;
Tertull. Idol. 14; cf. Hartung, Die Religion der Römer, vol. II p65).
.." http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Matronalia.html
"...21
The Sabines, then, adopted the Roman months, about which I have written sufficiently in my Life of Numa.43
Romulus, on the other hand, made use of their oblong shields, and
changed his own armour and that of the Romans, who before that carried
round shields of the Argive pattern. Feasts and sacrifices they shared
with one another, not discarding any which the two peoples had observed
before, but instituting other new ones. One of these is the
Matronalia, which was bestowed upon the women to commemorate their putting a
p157stop to the war; and another is the
Carmentalia...." http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Plutarch/Lives/Romulus*.html#21
Mother Mary Frances Clarke, the foundress of the Sisters of Charity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, born in 1803.
Metta Victoria Fuller Victor, author of over 100 dime novels and
credited with authoring of one of the first detective novels in the
United States, born in 1831.
Lucy Whitehead McGill Waterbury Peabody, an American missionary who
was an influential force in a number of Baptist foreign mission
societies from the 1880s well into the 20th century, born in 1861.
Eleanor McMain,
a settlement house worker and a progressive reformer who profoundly
affected early twentieth-century New Orleans, born in 1868.
Inez Haynes Irwin, an American feminist author, journalist, member
of the National Women’s Party, and president of the Authors Guild, born
in 1873.
Queen Victoria narrowly escapes an assassination attempt in Windsor in 1882.
Princess Maria Clotilde of Savoy born in 1843.
Jennifer Jones, an five-time Academy Award nominated American
actress who won Best Actress for her performance in The Song of
Bernadette, born in 1919.
Tamara Toumanova, a ballerina and actress, born in 1919.
Simone Young, an Australian conductor, particularly well known for her work in opera, born in 1961.
"...Labor Pains: On or around March 3, 1890, a woman addressed
a Spokane labor meeting for the first time, speaking out against the
oppressed condition of workers. Women's voices in the labor movement
grew louder, and on March 2, 1911, a bill limiting women's employment to
an eight-hour work day was approved by the Washington State Senate, but only with an exclusion of fishery and cannery workers...." http://www.historylink.org/
March 4th, 1923"...Bertha Wilson, a Canadian jurist and the first woman Puisne Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada, born in 1923 She was the first woman appointed to the Court of Appeal for Ontario in
1975. In 1982, she became the first woman appointed t o the Supreme Court
of Canada, by then Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Wilson
retired from the court in 1991 and was made a Companion of the Order of
Canada and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada that same year....."
March 4, 1188, Blanche of Castille was born "...Queen of France, 1223-1226; Queen Mother 1226-1252 regent of France 1226-1234 and 1248-1252 queen consort of King Louis VIII of France mother of King Louis IX of France (St. Louis)
..."http://womenshistory.about.com/od/medrenqueens/p/blanche_castile.htm She was a strong and clever woman, in her regency putting down a revolt, /by reconciling with one of the leaders, Count Thibault, and drawing him on her side/, and took actions against ecclesiastical authorities and rioting university students !?!
March 4th, 1877- Mabel Gillespi was born: "...Mabel Gillespie was born in St. Paul, Minnesota and educated at Radcliffe College in Massachusetts. Inspired by the work of Jane Addams and Hull House she became involved in progressive politics.
In
1912 Gillespie was appointed to the Minimum Wage Commission established
in Massachusetts. Five years later she became the president of the
Stenographers' Union. The following year she joined the Woman's Trade Union League, serving on its executive board from 1919 until 1922. Mabel Gillespie died in 1923. ..." http://womenshistory.about.com/od/03calendar/a/0304calendar.htm
March 4th, 1773 - Frances Slocum born. She was abducted by the Miami tribe and raised and marriad amongst it; later she found her relatives, but remained to live amongst the Miamis. Through her influence her Miami community avoided a forced removal. she was revered amongst the Miamis, and was able to have a life with less gender-based restrictions that she would have if she was to return to the European society. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances_Slocum#Avoiding_removal_to_Indian_territory
I owe an apology to everyone who had read my today's post here with Lucy Larson etc - I made a mistake, clicking on May 5th, instead on March 5 ...so I wrote an article 2 months early of it's due date. Sorry, I was blind as a bat!
March 5th 1854 - Mary Elizabeth Garret was born in Baltimore. She became a known sufragette and phiilantropist: "...Garrett helped found the Bryn Mawr College for women. She also endowed the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
and secured the rights of women to attend thus making it the first
co-educational, graduate-level medical school in the United States..." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Garrett
1819 - Anna Cora Ogden Mowatt born in Bordeaux, France, but her father was a American, so her family moved to the US when she was 6 years old. When she was 15 she eloped with James Mowatt, a prominent New York lawyer. She wrote articles for magazines, books, plays, and did public readings. Her most known work is the play "Fashion" http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Fashion . She became also an actress, playing with a great success, performing in Shakespearian plays, in melodramas, and in her own plays; and touring Europe as an actress in 1845-1854. In 1860 with her new husband /after Mowatt died/, William Ritchie, she moved to Europe, settling in England, where she kept on writing - "Fairy Fingers", The Clergyman's Wife" and "Other Sketches". This engraving presents Anna Mowatt in her role of Beatrice in 'Much Ado for Nothing".
1966 - Anna Akhmatova died. She was one of the most important Russian poets, living in the worst time of the Stalinist regime. She underwent political persecution: "...In August 1946, however, she was harshly denounced by the Central
Committee of the Communist Party for her "eroticism, mysticism, and
political indifference."
Her poetry was castigated as "alien to the Soviet people," and she was
again described as a "harlot-nun," this time by none other than Andrey
Zhdanov, Politburo
member and the director of Stalin's program of cultural restriction. She
was expelled from the Union of Soviet Writers; an unreleased book of
her poems, already in
print, was destroyed; and none of her work appeared in print for three
years..."
After Stalin died, she was slowly rehabilitated, and: "...In 1964 she was awarded the Etna-Taormina prize, an international poetry
prize awarded in Italy, and in 1965 she received an honorary doctoral
degree from
Oxford University. Her journeys to Sicily and England to receive these
honours were her first travel outside her homeland since 1912.
Akhmatova's works were
widely translated, and her international stature continued to grow after
her death. A two-volume edition of Akhmatova's collected works was
published in Moscow in
1986, and The Complete Poems of Anna Akhmatova, also in two volumes,
appeared in 1990...." http://womenshistory.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=womenshistory&cdn=education&tm=7&f=22&tt=2&bt=0&bts=1&zu=http%3A//www.odessit.com/namegal/english/ahmatova.htm
Today, March 6th: 1886 - 1st US nurses' magazine, The Nightingale, 1st appears, NYC 1906 - Nora Blatch is 1st woman elected to American Soc of Civil Engineers 1982 - Susan Birmingham makes loudest recorded human shout (120 dB)
1791 - Anna Claypoole Peale born in Philadelphia. She was a daughter of the painter James Peale, and studied under him, becoming one of the most famous Ameriram painters, specializing in portraits. This is a portrait of Marianne Becket, by Anna C. Peale This is portrait of Anna C. Peale by her father, James Peale
1895 - Lilian Welsh born in Columbia, Pennsylvania. She graduated from Columbia High School worked for 4 years as a teacher, for 5 as a principal, then earned M.D from the Medical College in Pennsylvania and studied chemistry in Zurich. "...In 1894, Welsh was invited to join the faculty of the Woman’s College of Baltimore (later Goucher College). She became the professor of anatomy, physiology, hygiene and physical training, implementing the European system of physical training at the college. While at Goucher College, Welsh served both the school and the state in education and treatment concerning the flu epidemic of 1918. In 1919, Goucher alumnae honored Welsh by endowing the Lilian Welsh Professorship Fund. In addition to her work at Goucher, she was involved in a variety of educational and public health organizations, including the Arundell Good Government Club of Baltimore, the Southern Sociological Congress, the National Conference of Charities and Correction, State Federation of Women’s Clubs, the Baltimore Association for the Promotion of the University Education of Women, and the Committee on Public Instruction of the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland. In 1917, she was one of the physicians tasked with investigating the Federal workhouse at Occoquan, Virginia, where they established a progressive model penal system. In 1924, Welsh retired from her work at Goucher College with an honorary degree of Doctorate of Law from the college. Welsh died in February 1938. In 1954, Goucher College honored her memory through the dedication of the Lilian Welsh Gymnasium. ..." http://www.goucher.edu/documents/Library/MS%200006%20Welsh%20Papers.pdf
1863 - Belle Kearney was born in Madison County, Mississippi, in the family of conservative plantation-holders, who lost their property as a result of the Civil War. She became a teacher to support herself, and also worked in the Women's Christian Temperance Union. She was lobbying for the Union, as for the women's voting rights, in Washington DC where she lived at the time, and also traveled over the Us and Europe to hold speeches for both causes. In 1902 she became the first women to address a joint session of the Mississippi legislature. In 1924 she became the fist woman in Southern US to become a state senator; and wrote 2 books "The Slaveholder Daughter", her autobiography, and "Conqueror or Conquered?".
Today, March 7th 1908 -
Cincinnati Mayor Mark Breith stood before city council & announces
that, "women are not physically fit to operate automobiles" 1982 - Jarmilla Kratochvilova run world record 400 m indoor (49.59 sec) 1992 - Nicole Stevenson swims world record 200m backstroke (2:06.78)
Vibia Perpetua died, and this day was set as a holiday, her feast day in Carthage. "...Vibia Perpetua was a Roman who lived in or near Carthage,
the provincial capital of North Africa (a Roman colony since
c.40 BCE). According to the Passio Perpetuae et Felicitatis,
she was 21 or 22 years old when she was arrested, a married woman
with an infant whom she was breast-feeding. She was also a catechumen
(a student, not yet baptized) in the Christian religion.In 202, Emperor Septimus Severus had issued an edict forbidding
conversion to Judaism or Christianity (their followers' refusal
to join in sacrifice for the emperor's health and safety was
seen as treasonous). The proconsul of Carthage applied the decree
with enthusiasm. Along with others, Perpetua was arrested, convicted
of civil disobedience, and condemned to "fight with the
beasts of the arena" (the alternative sentence was being
burnt alive).On the days before the "contest" she apparently
wrote down her experiences from just before she was imprisoned,
and this narrative was incorporated into the story of her death
and those of her companions, compiled quite soon after the event...." http://womenshistory.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=womenshistory&cdn=education&tm=23&f=22&tt=14&bt=0&bts=1&zu=http%3A//home.infionline.net/~ddisse/perpetua.html
1729 - Henrietta Johnston died. She was born most probably in France to Huguenot parents who emigrated to London. After marrying and widowing, with 2 kids, she married an Anglican pastor who was sent on behalf of the Church of England to oversee the Carolinas and the Bahama Islands in America. The family had a hard life, and Henrietta took to painting portraits to supplement the family income. She was selftaught and very talented, working in pastels, and in her pictures large oval eyes and deep earthy colors; about of her portraits are known to have survived.
This is one of her pictures "Youndg Irish Girl":
And "Mrs Pierre Bacot
1869 - Abby Lillian Barlat born.
"...Born in Manhattan, Kansas, Marlatt graduated from Kansas State College with a B.S. in 1888. receiving her M.S. from the same institution in 1890. From then until 1909 she taught home economics, beginning in Utah before going to Rhode Island. In 1909 she came to the University of Wisconsin,
where she became the first director of the home economics department.
She remained in this capacity until retiring, in 1939, with the title of
professor emeritus.
She established a regular curriculum and provided students with more
specialized work; besides emphasizing teaching and extension work, she
advocated broad training with grounding in the arts and sciences. During
World War I she helped the state of Wisconsin to plan how to join in the national efforts towards conserving food. She remained in Madison after her retirement, dying there in 1943...." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby_Lillian_Marlatt
Today, March 8th: 1418 - Jacoba van Bayern marries her cousin John IV van Brabant 1702 - England Queen Anne ascends throne upon death of King William III 1884 - Susan B. Anthony addresses the U.S. House Judiciary
Committee arguing for an amendment to the U.S. Constitution granting
women the right to vote. Anthony's argument came 16 years after
legislators had first introduced a federal women's suffrage amendment. 1910 - Baroness Raymonde de Laroche of Paris is 1st licensed female pilot 1911 - 1st International Woman's Day 1911 - International Women's Day is launched in Copenhagen,
Denmark, by Clara Zetkin, leader of the Women's Office for the Social
Democratic Party in Germany. 1943 - US Ladies Figure Skating championship won by Gretchen Merrill 1945 - International Women's Day is 1st observed 1945 - Phyllis M Daley is 1st black nurse sworn-in as US Navy ensign 1950 - 1st woman medical officer assigned to naval vessel (BR Waltersd to Hall of Fame 1824 - Emily Elizabeth Parsons born "...Emily
Elizabeth Parsons (b. March 8, 1824, in Taunton, MA, d. May
19, 1880 in Cambridge) Civil war nurse, hospital founder
Emily Parsons, the daughter of Catherine Amory
(Chandler) and Theophilus Parsons, was born in Taunton and educated at Cambridge
High School. She began to study nursing only at the beginning of the Civil War,
when she was in her mid thirties. In spite of impaired vision, some deafness
from scarlet fever, and lameness, she entered the nursing school at Massachusetts
General Hospital. Following her training, she was placed in charge of a ward
attending fifty wounded soldiers at Fort Schuyler Military Hospital on Long
Island. Her health deteriorated further, but in spite of this she was given
a position with the Western Sanitary Commission in Saint Louis, Missouri. There
she worked at Lawson Hospital and later on a steamboat for wounded and ill soldiers,
City of Alton. During this period, she contracted malaria. She was
made supervisor of nurses at the Barracks Hospital, near St. Louis, the largest
hospital in the area, where she reduced the death rate remarkably. After the
war, the hospital began to serve freed slaves.
Recurrent malarial fevers sent her back to Massachusetts,
where she raised money to establish her own charity hospital for women and children,
which she opened in 1867 in a house on Prospect Street in Cambridgeport. After
a year, the hospital was forced to move, but reopened in 1869 as the Cambridge
Hospital for Women and Children, operating from a rented house (with two wards)
on the corner of Hampshire and Prospect streets. It closed in 1871 for lack
of funds. Parsons died in 1880 from stroke, but efforts to raise funds for a
hospital continued in her memory. In 1883, Dr. Morrill Wyman purchased a nine-acre
plot on the Charles River near Gerry’s Landing, and the building of Mount
Auburn Hospital began. The first hospital structure, still extant, was completed
in 1886 and named the Parsons Building in honor of Emily Elizabeth Parsons.
After her death, her father published her correspondence detailing her experiences
as a war nurse, Memoir of Emily Elizabeth Parsons (1880)..."http://www2.cambridgema.gov/historic/cwhp/bios_p.html
1828 - Catherine Lorrilard Wolfe born. "...Catharine Lorillard Wolfe (1828–1887), the first female benefactor of
the Metropolitan Museum, was said to be the richest unmarried woman in
the United States at her death. (Her mother came from a wealthy tobacco
family, and her father had vast real-estate holdings.) Her interest in
collecting was stimulated by her cousin John Wolfe. Soon after he
commissioned a variant of Alexandre Cabanel's famous painting "The Birth
of Venus" (hanging on the opposite wall), Catharine Wolfe commissioned
several works from the fashionable French artist. This portrait,
executed from sittings in Paris, is one of 143 paintings that Wolfe
bequeathed to the Metropolitan Museum in 1889—a gift that, at the time,
was heralded as one of the most important collections of contemporary
art outside France...." http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections /110000263
1856 - Mary Wright Plummer born. "...Mary Wright Plummer was born to a Quaker family in Richmond, Indiana in
1856. She graduated from the first class of the first library school, the
Library School of Columbia College, in 1888. She was a cataloguer at the
St. Louis Public Library, then later moved to the Pratt Institute, where
she created the second program in library studies. She spent nine years as
the director of that library, and is credited as being the to create a
separate room entirely for the children's collection. She is also
credited with originating the idea of having special training for
children's librarians. Upon retiring
as director of the Pratt Institute Free Library, she moved to the New York
Public Library and founded another library training program. Over the
course of her career, wrote several children's books, authored articles in
librarianship, published essays in literary magazines, and she held
various positions in the American Library Association. She was to become
the president of the ALA in 1915 when she fell ill. The next year on
September 21, she
died of cancer at the age of sixty...." http://www.unc.edu/~bflorenc/libraryladies/plummer.html
Today, March 9th: 1642 - English Queen Henriette Mary arrives in Hellevoetsluis Neth 1926 - Bertha Landes elected 1st woman mayor of Seattle 1967 - Svetlana Allilueva, Stalin's daughter, defected to the West 1976 - 1st female cadets accepted to West Point Military Academy
1939 - Phoebe Clark, a organist and hymn composer, born. "...Knapp was born in New York City. Her parents were Walter C. Palmer
and Phoebe Worrall Palmer. She married Joseph Fairchild Knapp, one of
the founders and the second president of the Metropolitan Life Insurance
Company, and he had a pipe organ installed in their apartment.She and her husband were members of the John Street Methodist
Episcopal Church in New York City. The hymn writer Fanny Crosby was also
a member of that church and a friend of Palmer’s.
She wrote over 500 hymn tunes, the most familiar being the tune now
called Assurance for Fanny Crosby’s lyrics Blessed Assurance. Another
hymn by Fanny Crosby for which Knapp wrote the music is “Nearer the
Cross.” Other hymn tunes by Knapp include the tune for “Jesus Christ is
Passing By” by J. Denham Smith, which is called “Albertson,” and the one
for “My Spirit Soul and Body” by Mary D. James, which is called
“Consecration.”She also wrote sacred choral and solo works, perhaps the best known
of which is the Palm Sunday aria “Open the Gates of the Temple.” http://www.todayinwomenshistory.com/2012/03/09/
1928 - Graciela Olivarez born."...In 1970, Olivarez became the first woman and the first Latina to graduate from the Notre Dame Law School.
She was offered a scholarship to the school while she was serving as
director of the Arizona branch of the federal Office of Economic
Opportunity, despite the fact that she lacked a high school diploma. [1] The Notre Dame Hispanic Law Students Association presents an award in her name annually. [2]
1931 - Ida Wells-Barness died. She was born a slave, in Holy Springs, Mississippi, 6 months before the Emancipation Proclamation. She orphaned when 16, and started working as a teacher to support her siblings; after raising them, she moved to Memphis, working as a teacher writing for the negro Press Organization - denouncing lynching and about racial injustice; writing for "Memphis Free Speech", which she became a partial owner of.After the paper's office was trashed by a mob and her life threatened, she moved to New York, wre she continued writing and researching on lynchings:
"...In 1895 Ida B. Wells-Barnett published A Red Record: Tabulated Statistics and Alleged Causes of Lynchings in the United States 1892 - 1893 - 1894. She documented that lynchings were not, indeed, caused by black men raping white women.From 1898-1902, Ida B. Wells-Barnett served as secretary of the
National Afro-American Council. In 1898, she was part of a delegation
to President William McKinley to seek justice after the lynching in
South Carolina of a black postman......Wells-Barnett was a founding member of the NAACP in 1909, but
withdrew her membership, criticizing the organization for not being
militant enough. In her writing and lectures, she often criticized
middle-class blacks including ministers for not being active enough in
helping the poor in the black community.
In 1910, Ida B. Wells-Barnett helped found and became president
of the Negro Fellowship League, which established a settlement house in
Chicago to serve the many African Americans newly arrived from the
South. She worked for the city as a probation officer from 1913-1916,
donating most of her salary to the organization. But with competition
from other groups, the election of an unfriendly city administration,
and Wells-Barnett's poor health, the League closed its doors in 1920.In 1913, Ida B. Wells-Barnett was part of a delegation to see
President Wilson to urge non-discrimination in federal jobs. She was
elected as chair of the Chicago Equal Rights League in 1915, and in 1918
organized legal aid for victims of the Chicago race riots of 1918...." http://womenshistory.about.com/od/wellsbarnett/a/ida_b_wells_2.htm
Today, March 10th 1526 - Emperor Charles V marries princess Isabella of Portugal 1914 - Suffragettes in London damages painter Rokeby's Venus of Velasquez 1934 - US Ladies Figure Skating championship won by Suzanne Davis 1970 - Barbra Streisand records "The Singer" & "I Can Do It" 1991 - Merlene Ottey runs world record 200 m indoor (22.24 sec) 1992 - 6th Soul Train Music Awards: Natalie Cole & Color Me Badd win 1994 - 1 million Greeks attend Melina Mercouri's funeral
1845 or 50? or 55? - Hallie Quinn Brown was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, daughter of former slaves, her father bought the freedom of his family members. She: "...She graduated from Wilberforce University in Ohio and taught in
schools in Mississippi and South Carolina. In 1885 she became dean of
Allen University in South Carolina, and studied at the Chautauqua
Lecture School. She taught public school in Dayton, Ohio, for four
yeasr, and then was appointed lady principal (dean of women) of Tuskegee
Institute, Alabama, working with Booker T. Washington. From 1893 to 1903, Hallie Brown served as professor of elocution at
Wilberforce University, though on a limited basis as she lectured and
organized, traveling frequently. She helped promote the Colored Woman's
League which became part of the National Association of Colored Women.
In Great Britain, where she spoke to popular acclaim on African American
life, she made several appearances before Queen Victoria, including tea
with the Queen in July, 1889.
Hallie Brown also spoke
for temperance groups. She took up the cause of woman suffrage and spoke
on the topic of full citizenship for women as well as civil rights for
black Americans. She represented the United States at the International
Congress of Women, meeting in London in 1899. In 1925 she protested
segregation of the Washington (DC) Auditorium being used for the
All-American Musical Festival of the International Council of Women,
threatening that all black performers would boycott the event if
segregated seating were not ended. Two hundred black entertainers did
boycott the event and black participants left in response to her speech...."http://womenshistory.about.com/od/aframer18631900/p/hallie_brown.htm
1841 - Ina Coolbirth born in Navoo, Illinois, in a Mormon community that her mother left, married a printer and lawyer in Saint Loius, and settled in Los Angeles, CA. Ina started publishing poems when she was 11 years old; had one dramatic abusive marriage, on age 17, from which she divorced, and worked as a schoolteacher and publishing one poem in every issue of "Overland Monthly". She formed connections with Mark Twain and Alfred Lord Tennison, traveled with Hiner Miller to England, and after her return became a librarian and was hosting literary meetings in her home.
"...In 1911, Coolbrith accepted the presidency of the Pacific Coast
Woman's Press Association, and a park was dedicated to her, at 1715
Taylor Street, one block from her pre-earthquake home. Coolbrith was
named honorary member of the California Writers Club around 1913, a group that quickly expanded to include Lummis and other Southern Californians.[55] In 1913, Ella Sterling Mighels founded the California Literature Society which met informally once a month at Coolbrith's Russian Hill home, newspaper columnist and literary critic George Hamlin Fitch
presiding. Mighels, who has been called California's literary
historian, credited her breadth of knowledge to Coolbrith and the
society meetings.[44]
1913 - Harriet Tubman died. "...Born a slave in Maryland, Harriet Tubman escaped to freedom, and
later led more than 300 other slaves to the North and to Canada to
their freedom, too. The best-known conductor on the Underground
Railroad, Harriet Tubman was acquainted with many of the social
reformers and abolitionists of her time, and she spoke against slavery
and for women's rights.
Today, March 11th: Today, March 11: 1598 - Countess Charlotte of Nassau marries duke Claude de la Tremoille 1708 - Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation. 1850 - Woman's Medical College of Penn (1st female medical school) 1945 - Flemish nazi collaborator Maria Huygens sentenced to death 1953 - 1st woman army doctor commissioned (FM Adams) 1956 - Louise Suggs wins LPGA Titleholders Golf Championship 1959 - "Raisin in the Sun," 1st Broadway play by a black woman, opens 1979 - Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Sunstar Golf Classic 1995 - Yolanda Chen hop-skip-jumps world indoor record 15.03m 2006 - Michelle Bachelet is inaugurated as first female president of Chile.
1829 - Dr. Sarah R. Adamson Dolley born in Schuylkill Meeting (Chester County), Pennsylvania, in a Quaker family. She studied medicine under her uncle until she was accepted in the Central Medical College in Syracuse, NY, graduating in 1851. After that she got married and had 2 children, and became a widow in 1872: "...In the years following his death, she accepted a temporary position as an obstetrics professor at the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania.* She also returned to Europe and pursued further medical studies in France, Prague and Vienna. When she came back to Rochester, she resumed her medical practice, teaming up with Dr. Anna H. Searing.
In 1886, Dolley was among the group of women physicians who established the Provident Dispensary, a Rochester clinic for women and children run by women physicians. In addition to Dolley, these pioneering women doctors included her partner, Dr. Searing, and Dr. Marion Craig. The women who formed this clinic also founded the Practitioners’ Society, an organization of local women physicians. The Society was organized at her home on January 13, 1887. She became its first president. The Practitioners’ Society later became the Blackwell Society and, on March 11, 1907, at a celebration honoring Dolley’s birthday, the Society organized the Women’s Medical Society of the State of New York. Dolley became the first president, and the Society met in Rochester annually on her birthday. Dolley was also a member of the Monroe County (NY) Medical Society, where she served as a speaker, a committee member, and (at least once) as a delegate to the American Medical Association.
In addition to her professional affiliations, Dolley was also known for her leadership in other organizations. In 1879, she helped to found the Rochester Society of Natural Sciences, and served as its head. She was also present when a group of business and professional women decided to form the "Ignorance Club" at an informal meeting on December 8, 1880. The Club got its name because author Jane Marsh Parker had mentioned at the meeting that she had recently seen an article which suggested that people should keep an "Ignorance Book," or a notebook where they could write down questions or topics which they would like to study in the future. Parker said that she thought this would be a good idea for a group as well as for individuals. Dolley then passed around her prescription book and asked the women present to write down a question, which they would like to explore. The women found the questions so intriguing that they decided to establish a club using the "Ignorance Book" idea as an organizing principle. The Ignorance Club, officially organized on January 17, 1881, elected Dolley as its first president. She served in this capacity for twenty years.Dolley was also instrumental in the establishment of the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union of Rochester, in 1893....In addition to her work with women’s organizations, Dolley had many connections with the women’s rights movement. In a report to the Eleventh National Woman’s Rights Convention in 1866, Caroline Dall stated that Dolley had written a letter to a women’s rights activist stating, "May your labors be prospered, that the women of our country may have a sphere rather than a hemisphere!" In 1872, Dolley was one of the women of the First Ward-- along with Amy Kirby Post, Mary Fish Curtis and Mrs. L.C. Smith -- who registered to vote in the national election. Although she was ultimately not allowed to vote, she was among those who later contributed money to help defray trial costs of the inspectors who had allowed Anthony to vote. ..."http://womenshistory.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=womenshistory&cdn=education&tm=33&f=22&tt=2&bt=1&bts=0&zu=http%3A//winningthevote.org/SDolley.html
1869 - Beatrice Winsor, a New Jersey librarian and gender equality activist, born. "... Beatrice Winser (1869 - 1947)was a pioneering leader in the visual arts and education. She headed the Newark Public Library and Newark Museum. In this Newark Sunday Call article, dated 1923, Winser expresses her concern that the basis for a New Jersey Senate bill that would legally provide workers’ rights for women by not allowing them to do night work, was falsely predicated on the idea that women should be treated differently than men. She felt the grounds for such a legal remedy would only continue to put women in a second-class position...." http://www.njwomenshistory.org/Period_5/winser.htm
1893 - Wanda Hazel Gag born in New Ulm, Minnesota, in a family of German emigrants from Bohemian extraction: "...In 1917 she illustrated A Child’s Book of Folk-Lore, following which she worked on many different projects, and became a well-known artist/author. Her art exhibition in the New York Public Library
in 1923 was the true beginning of her fame. She gained a reputation as
an illustrator for socialist publications such as The New Masses, and
she considered hersef a feminist and advocate of free love
in the 1920s; she did not marry her lover until later in life, for
instance, although she lived with him before they were wed. She was
especially esteemed for her lithographs, though today if her name is known at all it is usually from her children's books, specifically the classic Millions of Cats, which won the Lewis Carroll Shelf Award in 1958. Gág also received the Newbery Honor Award
for this book, and the combined effects of it and her exhibition had
given her the funds she needed to carry on her work without stress...."
Today, March 12th: 1884 - Mississippi establishes 1st US state college for women 1978 - Nancy Lopez wins LPGA Sunstar Golf Classic 1994 - Church of England ordains 1st 33 women priests
Julia Flikke of the Nurse Corps becomes the first woman colonel in the U.S. Army. Flikke entered the Army Nurse Corps during World War I in March 1918 and dudring World War II, Flikke spearheaded the Army Nurse Corps' efforts to recruit, outfit, and assign the greatest number of nurses ever mobilized. Mrs. Flikke retired from the Army with a physical disability in June 1943 at age 65. She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Very interesting info, TJ, thank you. I particularly appreciate the picture in this kind of biographical posts.
Also on March 13: 1900 - In France the length of the workday for women and children is limited to 11 hours by law. 1989 - 27th shuttle, Discovery 8, launched, 1st woman to do the countdown 1997 - India's Missionaries of Charity chooses Sister Nirmala to succeed Mother Teresa as its leader.
963 - Anna of Kiev born. "...Anna was a Byzantine princess, probably the daughter of the Byzantine Empress Theophano
and Byzantine Emperor Romanus II, and thus the sister of Basil II
(though occasionally identified as Basil's daughter). Basil arranged for
Anna to be married to Vladimir I of Kiev, called "the Great," in 988.
This marriage is sometimes credited for Vladimir's conversion to
Christianity (as has the influence of his grandmother, Olga) -- his
previous wives had been pagans as he had been before 988.
After the baptism, Basil tried to back out of the marriage agreement, but Vladimir invaded the Crimea and Basil relented. Anna's
arrival brought significant Byzantine cultural influence to Russia.
Their daughter married Karol "the Restorer" of Poland. Vladimir was
killed in an uprising in which some of his former wives and their
children participated...."http://womenshistory.about.com/cs/russia/p/p_anna.htm
Anna of Kiev was the political reason for the right Russia had to see itself as the "Empire of the New Rome" - the political and religious inheritor of the Roman/Byzantine Empire.
1892 - Janet Flanner, an American journalist, was born.
"...Perennial columnist for The New Yorker magazine, Janet
Flanner (1892-1978) produced trenchant commentary on European politics
and culture. In her mid twenties, Flanner left the United States for Paris,
quickly becoming part of the group of American writers and artists who
lived in the city between the world wars. In October 1925 Flanner published
her first "Letter from Paris" in the then brand-new magazine, The
New Yorker, launching a professional association destined to last
for five decades.
1906 - Susan B. Antony, an American activist for women's rights and suffrage, died.
"...Susan B. Anthony was raised in New York as a Quaker. She taught for a
few years at a Quaker seminary and from there became a headmistress at a
women's division of a school. At 29 years old Anthony became involved
in abolitionism and then temperance. A friendship with Amelia Bloomer
led to a meeting with Elizabeth Cady Stanton, who was to become her lifelong partner in political organizing, especially for women's rights and woman suffrage.
...
After the Civil War, discouraged that those working for "Negro"
suffrage were willing to continue to exclude women from voting rights,
Susan B. Anthony became more focused on woman suffrage. She helped to
found the American Equal Rights Association in 1866, and in 1868 with Stanton as editor, became publisher of Revolution.
Stanton and Anthony founded the National Woman Suffrage Association,
larger than its rival American Woman Suffrage Association, associated
with Lucy Stone, with which it finally merged in 1890.In 1872, in an attempt to claim that the constitution already
permitted women to vote, Susan B. Anthony cast a test vote in Rochester,
New York, in the presidential election. She was found guilty, though
she refused to pay the resulting fine (and no attempt was made to force
her to do so)....
...In her writings, Susan B. Anthony occasionally mentioned abortion. Susan
B. Anthony opposed abortion which at the time was an unsafe medical
procedure for women, endangering their health and life. She blamed men,
laws and the "double standard" for driving women to abortion because
they had no other options...."
I lost my net connection yesterday before I can do my daily events here, so I'll do it now - better late than never. So, March 14: 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. 1734 - Prince Willem KHF van Orange marries George II's daughter Mary Anne 1969 - Barbara Jo Rubin becomes 1st woman jockey to win at Aqueduct 1971 - Barbra Streisand appears on "The Burt Bacharach Special" on CBS TV 1982 - Sally Little wins LPGA Olympia Gold Golf Classic 1993 - Meg Mallon wins LPGA Ping/Welch's Golf Championship
968 - Matilda, Queen of Germany, died. She was cannonized because of her many good works. "...Raised by her grandmother, an abbess, Saint Matilda of Saxony was, as
were so many royal women, married off for political purposes. In her
case it was to Henry the Fowler of Saxony, who became King of Germany.
During her life in Germany Saint Matilda of Saxony founded several
abbeys and was noted for her charity....
I was surprised to find an Orthodox icon of her, since Germany was never close to Orthodox Christianity, but here it is: "...Icon of the Holy Empress
Matilda of Germany
Feast: Mar. 14
St. Matilda was raised by her
grandmother, who was abbess of the great Erfurt Abbey. She married
Henry the Fowler, son of Duke Otto of Saxony, who succeeded his father
as duke in 912 and in 919 attained the German throne. Matilda was noted
for her piety and charitable works. In 936 she was widowed; her son
Otto (the Great) became ruler and she resigned her inheritance to her
sons, retiring to a country home where she perfected her soul in
prayer. She built 4 monasteries, 3 for women and 1 for men. When Otto
went to Rome in 962 to be crowned, she was left in charge of the
kingdom. The declining years of her life she spent at the women's
monastery she had built at Nordhausen. She reposed at Quedlinburg
monastery on March 14. Holy Mother Matilda, pray to God for us!
Icon: by the hand of Mother
Justina, Greek Old Calendarist convent of St. Elizabeth, Etna,
California, with permission...."
1851 - Josephine Lang, a German composer, born, in the family of Theodor Lang, a violinist, and Regina Hitzelberger, an opera singer. She received a solid education in music, with musicians/composers like Felix Mendelssonh and Ferdinand Hiller as her teachers. After becoming a widow:
"...To sustain her family Josephine went back to song-writing and
piano-pedagogy. After some financial floundering and unsuccessful
attempts at publishing music, Josephine contacted Ferdinand Hiller and Clara Schumann
for aid and assistance in the music world. Upon hearing the news, Clara
threw a benefit concert, with herself as the pianist, featuring Lang's
music. Hiller wrote a biographical essay about Lang in 1867 to send to
publishers. Soon thereafter, primarily due to Hiller's essay, Lang
become a prominent composer successful enough to have her work
published.
Her last years were filled with trauma and illness. Lang lived to see
her three sons die for various reasons, and after her two daughters
married in 1868 and 1870, Josephine was left feeling alone and
abandoned. She herself suffered violent illness during this time period,
though she still composed music and taught piano through this entire
time. On December 1, 1880, Lang died of a heart attack; she left an
important legacy in her music...."http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine_Lang
Today, March 15: 1729 - Sister St Stanislas Hachard, 1st US nun, takes her vows, N Orleans 1907 - Finland is 1st European country to give women the right to vote 1937 - 1st state contraceptive clinic opens (Raleigh NC) 1964 - Liz Taylor's 5th marriage (Richard Burton) 1982 - Actress Theresa Saladana, stabbed repeatedly by obsessed fan
1838 - Alice Cunnigham Fletcher, an American ethnologist, was born in Havana. "...Fletcher credited Frederic Ward Putnam for stimulating her interest in American Indian culture and began working with him at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University.[1] She studied the remains of the Indian civilization in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys, and became a member of the Archaeological Institute of America in 1879.... ...In addition to her research and writing, Fletcher worked in several
special appointed positions during the late nineteenth century. In 1883
she was appointed special agent by the US to allot lands to the Miwok tribes, in 1884 she prepared and sent to the World Cotton Centennial
an exhibit showing the progress of civilization among the Indians of
North America in the quarter-century previous, and in 1886 visited the natives of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands
on a mission from the commissioner of education. In 1887 she was
appointed United States special agent in the allotment of lands among
the Winnebago and the Nez Perce under the Dawes Act.She was made assistant in ethnology at the Peabody Museum in 1882,
and in 1891 received the Thaw fellowship, which was created for her.[1] Active in professional societies, she was elected president of the Anthropological Society of Washington and in 1905 as the first woman president of the American Folklore Society. She also served as vice-president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Working through the Womans National Indian Association,
Fletcher introduced a system of making small loans to Indians,
wherewith they might buy land and houses. She also helped secure a loan
for Susan LaFlesche,
an Omaha woman, to enable her studies at medical school. Graduating at
the top of her class, LaFlesche became the first Native American woman
doctor in the United States.Later Fletcher helped write, lobbied for and helped administer the Dawes Act
of 1887, which broke up reservations and distributed communal land in
allotments for individual household ownership of land parcels.[3]....
...n 1888 Fletcher published Indian Education and Civilization, a special report of the Bureau of Education.
She was a pioneer in the study of American Indian music, a field of
research inaugurated by a paper she gave in 1893 before the Chicago
Anthropological Conference.[1] In 1898 at the Congress of Musicians held in Omaha during the Trans-Mississippi Exposition,
she read several essays upon the songs of the North American Indians. A
number of Omaha Indians sang their native melodies. Out of this grew
her Indian Story and Song from North America (1900), exploring a stage of development antecedent to that in which culture music appeared.In 1911, with Francis La Flesche, she published The Omaha Tribe. It is still considered to be the definitive work on the subject. Altogether she wrote 46 monographs on ethnology.[1]..."http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Cunningham_Fletcher
1898 - Persia Crowford Campbell, a prominent economist, born in Australia. "...After studying social economy at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, United
States of America, in 1922-23, Campbell returned to Sydney where she
worked as assistant-editor for the Australian Encyclopaedia and
lectured for the Workers' Educational Association. In March 1927 she
was appointed assistant research officer in the Industrial Commission of
New South Wales and in July next year transferred to the Bureau of
Statistics. Interested in Fabian socialism and feminism, she was soon
prominent in progressive intellectual circles due to her energy, ability
and dedication. She espoused the educational and professional
advancement of women and international co-operation, addressed the
National Council of Women of New South Wales and judged its peace essay
competition, and became a stalwart of women graduates' organizations and
of the Pan Pacific (and South East Asian) Women's Association (formed
1928). When the Institute of Pacific Relations was established 'to
study conditions of the Pacific people with a view to the improvement of
their mutual relationships' she joined the New South Wales branch, and,
with Richard Mills and Jerry Portus, co-edited its first publication, Studies in Australian Affairs (1928). She likened the use of psychiatric screening of immigrants to espionage and forcefully demolished Alfred Martin's grounds for the alleged racial inferiority of Southern Europeans...."
In 1931 she married an American and took an American nationality. "...At Queens, Campbell chaired (1960-65) the economics department. She
published a biography in 1960 of Mary Williamson Harriman, whom she had
met while investigating the consumer advisory board of the National
Recovery Administration. As chairman of the American branch of the Pan
Pacific and South East Asian Women's Association, Persia attended their
conferences in Tokyo (1958) and Canberra (1961). The recently formed
Australian Consumers Association thanked her for the 'assistance and
hospitality unstintingly given [it] by [the] Consumers Union of United
States'. She also helped to form the International Organization of
Consumers Unions (1960), of which the American and Australian
associations were constituent members...."
"...A delegate to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization conference on adult education (Montreal, 1960), Campbell
was keen to develop radio and television programmes for low-income
earners. She had faith in consumer organization effecting higher living
standards in developing countries. To her Australian audience in 1961
she said, 'if the wage-earner has to pay unduly high prices for consumer
products, he is virtually handing back to the manufacturer a proportion
of his weekly wage-packet'. After retiring from Queens in 1965 and
taking an honorary appointment at the University of North Carolina in
1966, Campbell travelled widely outside America. She chaired the
international aid committee of the International Organization of
Consumers Unions and represented it before special agencies of the
United Nations. In 1966-70 she was a columnist on United Nations
economic and social programmes for the International Development Review.
A delegate to the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
(Stockholm, 1972), she was party to the recommendation that the United
Nations establish a permanent organization for environmental action
which was implemented that year...." http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/campbell-persia-gwendoline-crawford-9682
1904 - Margaret Webster born. "...Webster, Margaret,1905–72, American actress, producer, and director, b. New York City; daughter of Ben Webster and Dame May Whitty. Webster made her formal acting debut in 1924. After working with several English companies, including the Old Vic
(1929–30), she returned to the United States and began (1935) an
outstanding career as director and producer. In 1946, together with Eva Le Gallienne,
she founded and managed the American Repertory Theatre, and from 1948
to 1951 she directed the Margaret Webster Shakespeare Company. Webster
directed several operas and notable presentations of Shakespeare in
England. She wrote Shakespeare without Tears (1942), Shakespeare Today (1957), and two autobiographical works, The Same Only Different (1969) and Don't Put Your Daughter on the Stage (1972)...."
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