1915
1-4 January Battle of Sarikamish Turkish forces under Ahmet Pasha were defeated by the Russians at the Battle of Sarikamis. The Turks lose 77,000 men of their original 95,000.
3 January Heavy fighting at Ardahan in the Caucasus region.
13-16 January Battle of Kara Urgan in Armenia between Russians and Turks. After several days of heavy fighting the Russian army takes 4,000 Turkish prisoners and routs the Turkish army there.
23 January Two Turkish divisions are defeated by Russian army at Khorsan.
30 January Turks are defeated by Russians at Sufian, and are driven back from Tabriz
21 February Turks driven across river Ichkalen in Armenia.
1 April In the Caucasus the Russians occupy Tsria.
6 April Russians enter Artvin in Armenia.
8 April Ottoman Turks begin deporting and massacring Armenians.
26 April Russian troops in Armenia advance on Olty.
27 April Russian forces expel Turkish defenders from Kutur in Persia.
5 May Russian troops decisively defeat a Turkish force in Armenia.
7 May Turks begin massacre of Christians.
11 May Russian troops make gains in Tabriz district.
17 May Ardjuche on Lake Van is occupied by Russian troops in Armenia.
21 May Turks retreat on Bitlis river in Kurdistan.
25 May Miandob in Persia is occupied by Russian troops.
27-28 May On Lake Van, Vastan is occupied by Russian troops.
10 July Turkish troops attack Russians near Karaderbent in the Caucasus.
27 July Turkish troops force Russian army back near Mush in Asia Minor.
5 August Russians capture Turkish positions near Olti and Sarikamish in the Caucasus, and repel later Turkish attacks.
9 August 255,000 Armenians from Van migrate into Caucasus region.
10 August Russians pursue the Turks on the Upper Euphrates river and capture critical high ground in Passin valley.
12 August In Armenia Russian left flank reoccupies Alshgerd.
16 August Turks driven back near Olti in Caucasus. In Armenia Russian troops enter Van. They also announce the defeat of the Turks in a communique and occupy Kep.
25 August Turks again massacre Armenian civilians.
12 October Russian forces repel Turks in Van pass and and Arkhava.
14 November In Persia the Turks and Germans are defeated by Russians. Turkish ambassador and Austro-German Ministers leave the country.
26 November Turks and Kurds are defeated by Russian troops who occupy Karaj and Yengi Iman some 40 miles from Tehran.
9 December Russian troops occupy Sultan Bulak pass in Persia. Turco-German mercenaries are routed by Russians in Hamadan.
17 December Russian troops drive hundreds of Kurds into the mountains
20 December Russians in Persia take Kum and stop German intrigue there. Turkish strength in Armenia is now 11 divisions.
1916
10 January Russian offensive begins in Armenia.
13 January Turkish troops reported at Kermanshah in Persia.
15 January Kangavar is occupied by Russian troops.
16 January Russians are forced to evacuate Kangavar. Large scale Russian offensive begins in Transcaucasia
17 January Turkish troops retreat towards Erzerum
18 January Hasan-Kala in Armenia is taken by Russian forces.
20 January Russian troops take Sultanabad in Persia and make progress in Armenia.
29 January Russians bombard ridge protecting Erzerum.
1 February Russians drive Turks back in Kermanshah district and Armenian offensive continues to make gains.
13 February Russian forces take a fort at Erzerum. In Armenia the town of Khanys is occupied by Russians. Daultabad in Persia is taken by Russian troops.
14 February Another fort at Erzerum falls to the Russians.
16 February Erzerum falls to Russians. 13,000 prisoners and 323 guns are captured. Arabs desert the Turkish army in large numbers. By taking the city the Russians relieve pressure on the Egyptian front.
18 February Mush and Aklat in Armenia are taken by Russian troops.
22 February Russian troops approach Trebezond.
26 February Ashkala in Armenia is occupied by Russians.
2 March Bitlis falls to Russian troops in Armenia.
4 March Russians land east of Trebizond at Atina.
9 March Turkish forces are driven beyond the river Kalopotamos. Germans are reported to be leaving Ispahan in Persia.
17 March Russians continue their advance west of Erzerum.
26 March Russians make progress in Armenia along the upper Chorok river.
27 March River Baltachi Darassi in Armenia is crossed by Russian troops.
31 March Turkish forces in Armenia are defeated by Russians at Kara Malachkan.
2 April Russian troops in Armenia cross the upper Chorok and take fortified mountain positions.
5 April German warship 'Breslau' assists Turkish forces near Trebizond
6 April Russian troops in Armenia drive Turks across Kara Dere.
7 April Russians repulse three Turkish attacks on Kara Dere.
13 April After six days of fighting Russian troops repulse Turkish forces west of Erzerum.
15 April Near Bitlis Russian forces make gains.
16 April After 9 days of fighting Russians take position along the left bank of Kara Dere.
17 April Russian troops in Armenia occupy Surmeneh and reach Assene Kalessi.
18 April Trebeizond falls to Russians. Russian troops also make progress west of Erzerum.
20 April Russians take positions in the Bitlis region.
5 May Turkish forces defeated by Russians at Sermil in Persia.
8 May Turkish forces claim victory over Russians at Pirnakapan in Armenia.
9 May Turkish forces defeat Russian troops in Armenia near Bashkeui.
13 May Turkish forces defeated at Ashkale in Armenia.
15 May Russian forces capture Rowanduz east of Mosul.
16 May Russians advance on Mosul.
21 May Russians repulse Turkish attacks south of Trebizond
24 May Russian in Armenia capture Mamakhatun.
27 May A joint Turkish-Kurdish force is repulsed by Russians near Serdasht.
1 June Turks launch offensive in Armenia.
2 June Turkish troops are repulsed by Russians between Erzerum and Erzingan. Turks then retreat some 25 miles.
After three days fighting Turks retire west of Rowanduz.
3 June Turks defeated by Russians at Khanikin in Persia. Russians also repulse Turkish attacks in Asia Minor at Diarbekr.
5 June Russians evacuate Khanikin.
6 June Russian advance is stopped at Diarbekr.
11 June Turkish attacks at Platina are repelled by Russians west of Trebizond
12 June Turkish camp near Diarbekr is captured by Russians. Russians also repel Turkish attack at Rowanduz
14 June Near Chorok the Russian army regains lost ground.
19 June Turks attack Russians at Saripul in Persia and are repelled.
26 June In northern Persia Russian army advances west. Turks prepare to evacuate Mosul. Turkish forces also driven from Lake Urmia in Persia.
1 July Turkish troops in Persia defeat Russian force and pursue it to Kermanshah.
12 July Russian troops under Gen. Yudenich advance west of Erzerum and recapture Mamakhatun.
19 July Russian forces in Persia are defeated and driven north of Kermanshah by Turkish forces.
20 July Russians capture Gumishkhanek in Armenia.
23 July Russian army advances on Erzingan in Armenia as Turks retreat.
25 July Erzingan is captured by Russian army in Armenia.
27 July Turkish attack near Mosul is repulsed. Russian army advances towards Sivas.
31 July Russians in Armenia continue to pursue retreating Turkish forces amid stubborn resistance.
2 August Turkish counter-attack retakes Mush and Bitlis in Armenia
3 August Turkish trenches at Ognut in Armenia fall to Russian troops.
5 August Russian offensive make progress 30 miles north of Erzingan.
6 August Strong Turkish attacks in Armenia are repelled by Russians. Russians are driven back by the Turks east of Kermanshah in Persia.
8 August Turks occupy Mush and Bitlis.
23 August Turks defeated at Rayat and lose 2,300 men as prisoners.
Russians retake Bitlis.
28 August Russians encounter Turkish forces occur south of Erzerum
1 September Chormuk is captured by Russian forces.
4 September Russian offensive west of Trebizond continues. Over 500 prisoners are taken.
27 November Russians drive back Turkish forces in Persia and capture a large amount of war material.
30 November Russians push 30 miles into Persia.
25 December Turkish force attacks Russians around Van in Armenia.
28 December Russians drive off Turkish forces south of Van.
1917
2 March Russian troops occupy town of Hamadan.
8 March Russian troops leaving Hamadan engage and rout a Turkish force that is forced to withdraw to Hajiabad.
9 March Retreating Turkish troops are attacked by Russians near Sivas in Asia Minor.
Russian scouts advance southwest of Sakis. Sinnah is captured. Turkish forces are in general retreat throughout Persia. Persian government is invited to take possession of towns the Russians have taken in Persia.
10 March British troops push Turkish forces to within three miles of Baghdad.
13 March Kermanshah falls to Russian forces after two days fighting. Another group of Russian forces approaches Bana some 140 miles northwest of Kermanshah.
16 March Russian troops force Turks from the summit of Naleskian in Persia. They also occupy Alliabad and engage Turks near Kerind.
17 March After heavy fighting Russians occupy Kerind and pursue fleeing Turks along the Tehran road.
18 March Russians in Armenia enter Van.
21 March Russian forces continue to pursue Turks from Sakiz towards Kermanshah.
28 March Russians launch attacks on Magyaros ridge, but they fail.
1 April Russians make progress towards Khanikin some 85 miles northeast of Baghdad. Turks retreat to Kasr-i-Shirin in Persia
2 April British and Russian troops link up at Kizil-Robat.
3 April Russian cavalry occupies Kasr-i-Shirin and Khanikin.
9 April Kizil-Robot is occupied by Russian troops.
21 April Cossacks repulse Kurds on river Diala.
1 May Mush is occupied by Turkish forces.
5 May Russian forces near Mush and Oghnut withdraw.
13 May Russian detachments are forced to retire across the river Diala towards Kifri. This greatly enhances the Turkish chances of retreat.
17 May Kurds attack Russian rear positions near Khanikin.
26 June Russian forces take Serdesht in Persia
9 July Russian army reports that increasing Turkish pressure along the Mesopotamian front is causing them to evacuate towns.
23 September Russian forces successfully attack Turkish troops near Ortobo.
3 October Russians take Nereman village north of Mosul.
7 November Bolshevik revolution spreads in Petrograd
31 December Civil War rages across Russia.
1918
18 February Russians evacuate Armenia as Turks close to within 8 miles of Trebizond.
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