July 26 -Battle of Pliska

Yet another black day in Byzantine history:


On the July 26th 811, the Byzantine army led by the Emperor Nikephoros I was annihilated by the Bulgars under their Khan Krum, near Pliska, the Bulgarian capital.
The campaign in the summer of 811 had been Nikephoros� second attempt to regain former Byzantine territory conquered by the Bulgars, and although he had succeeded to take Pliska on July 23th, he was led by Krum into an ambush in a nearby gorge and on the 26th the Bulgars attacked the Byzantine camp, overwhelming the Emperor�s army which had no means to escape and killing Nikephoros at the outset of the battle. Nikephoros� son and heir Stauracios was badly injured, from which he never fully recovered.
The legend goes that Khan Krum turned the skull of the defeated Emperor into a silver-mounted drinking vessel.
The Bulgars continued to endanger the Balkan borders of the Empire and in 814 began their three year long siege of Constantinople, that ended only after Krum's death in 817.

What else happened on this day?
My personal highlights:

1945     The reigning British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, who a couple of month before had just won a war, is defeated in the General Elections by the Labour Party under Clement Atlee. Churchill resigns immediately, and the way was open for the Labour Party to undertake a massive reform of the social welfare and health system in the UK.

1951      Netherlands ends state of war with Germany ( Guten Morgen, Mixcoatl !)

1956     The Egyptian President Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, which was the starting point for the Suez War between Egypt ,and Britain, France and Israel on the other side.

Full list:
Wikipedia, 26 July

Edited by Komnenos

This contribution was originally posted by the Guardian, but I moved it in this thread to keep things more clearly arranged.(Didn't know how else do to it!)




Today in History - July 26
------------------------------------------------------------ --------------------
657        Jul 26, Mu'awiyan defeated Caliph Ali in the Battle of Siffin in Mesopotamia [now Iraq].
    (HN, 7/26/98)

796        Jul 26, Offa, king of Mercia (in central England), died.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

811        Jul 26, Nicephorus I, Byzantine Emperor (802-11), died in the Battle at Pliska. The Bulgarian under monarch Krum beat the Byzantines.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1267        Jul 26, The Inquisition formed in Rome under Pope Clement IV.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1497        Jul 26, "Edward IV's son" Perkin Warbeck's army landed in Cork.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1524        Jul 26, James I became king of Scotland at age 12.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1526        Jul 26, The Spaniard Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon and his colonists left Santo Domingo in the Caribbean for Florida.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1529        Jul 26, Francisco Pizarro received a royal warrant in Toledo, Spain, to "discover and conquer" Peru.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1579        Jul 26, Francis Drake left SF to cross Pacific Ocean.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1588        Jul 26, Captain John Hawkins was knighted by Queen Elizabeth.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1656        Jul 26, Rembrandt declared he is insolvent.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1678        Jul 26, Joseph I Habsburg, German king, Roman catholic emperor (1705-11), was born.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1680        Jul 26, John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, poet, courtier, died.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1758        Jul 26, British battle fleet under Gen. James Wolfe captured France's Fortress of Louisbourg on Ile Royale (Capre Breton Island, Nova Scotia) after a 7-week siege, thus gaining control of the entrance to the Saint Lawrence River.
    (HN, 7/26/98)(MC, 7/26/02)

1759        Jul 26, The French relinquished Fort Ticonderoga in New York to the British under General Jeffrey Amherst.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1775        Jul 26, The Continental Congress established a postal system for the colonies with Benjamin Franklin as the first postmaster general in Philadelphia.
    (AP, 7/26/97)(HN, 7/26/98)

1782        Jul 26, John Field, pianist, composer (Nocturnes), was born in Dublin, Ireland.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1788        Jul 26, New York became the 11th state to ratify the Constitution.
    (AP, 7/26/97)

1790        Jul 26, US passed the Assumption bill making it responsible for state debts.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1790        Jul 26, An attempt at a counter-revolution in France was put down by the National Guard at Lyons.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1791        Jul 26, Franz Xavier Wolfgang Mozart, 6th child of Austrian composer WAM, was born.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1794        Jul 26, After remaining uncharacteristically silent for several weeks, Robespierre demanded that the National Convention punish "traitors" without naming them.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1794        Jul 26, The French defeated an Austrian army at the Battle of Fleurus in France.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1796        Jul 26, George Catlin, American artist and author, was born.
    (HN, 7/26/01)

1805        Jul 26, Constantine Brumidi, artist (Myrtle Murdock), was born.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1805        Jul 26, Naples and Calabria were struck by an earthquake and some 26,000 died.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1822        Jul 26, Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin held a secret meeting.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1826        Jul 26, Riots in Vilnius, Lithuanian, caused the death of many Jews.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1830        Jul 26, King Charles X of France issued five ordinances limiting the political and civil rights of citizens.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1835        Jul 26, The 1st sugar cane plantation was started in Hawaii.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1847        Jul 26, Liberia became the first African colony to become an independent state. A mutual agreement between the settlers and the society created the republic of Liberia. More than 10,000 free blacks had moved there. Joseph Jenkins Roberts, the Virginia-born son of free blacks, was elected the first president of Liberia, an African nation that grew out of the efforts of the American Colonization Society. Roberts made a state visit to the United States in 1851. The American Colonization Society supported setting up a colony for freed slaves in Africa as an alternative to American integration. [see Aug 26]
    (HNPD, 7/26/98)(HN, 7/26/98)

1848        Jul 26, Charles Ellet Jr., engineer, completed a light suspension bridge over the Niagara River. A boy�s kite was used to transfer the 1st line across.
    (ON, 7/02, p.8)
1848        Jul 26, The French army suppressed the Paris uprising.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1850        Jul 26, The final design for London�s Great Council Exhibition, the first-ever World�s Fair, was officially approved. The structure of the glass and iron building, designed by Joseph Paxton, was essentially completed by Jan 1, 1851. The Exhibition opened May 1.
    (WSJ, 1/26/98, p.A16)(ON, 7/04, p.12)

1856        Jul 26, George Bernard Shaw (d.1950), Irish-born, English dramatist, critic and social reformer (Pygmalion-Nobel 1925), was born. "The worst sin toward our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that's the essence of inhumanity."
    (V.D.-H.K.p.237)(HN, 7/26/98)(AP, 3/15/00)(MC, 7/26/02)

1858        Jul 26, Baron Lionel de Rothschild became the 1st Jew elected to British Parliament.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1863        Jul 26, In the Battle of Salineville, Ohio, John Hunt Morgan and 364 troops surrendered. Confederate Brigadier General John Hunt Morgan and his cavalrymen were captured during their daring raid into Ohio. Conditions for Confederate soldiers housed in the Ohio State Penitentiary in Columbus improved after General Morgan sent a written complaint to the Buckeye State�s governor, David Todd. The Confederates were placed in the dark, dank stone prison, where they were subject to harsh punishment and forced to live on bread and water. Todd visited the prison after receiving Morgan�s letter, and soon afterward reforms were instituted to improve living conditions. Morgan did not stay to savor the improvements, though. In November 1863, he and six other Confederate officers escaped.
    (HNQ, 9/20/01)(MC, 7/26/02)
1863        Jul 26, Samuel Houston (70), 1st Pres. of Republic of Texas (1836-38, 41-44), died.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1864        Jul 26, Battle at Ezra Chapel (Church), Georgia [Hood's Third Sortie].
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1864        Jul 26-31, Riots took place at McCook's to Lovejoy Station, and Stoneman's to Macon, Georgia.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1871        Jul 26, Ferdinand Hayden (1830-1887) and his government sponsored team arrived at the Yellowstone Lake and the geyser fields.
    (ON, 11/02, p.3)

1874        Jul 26, Serge Koussevitsky, conductor of the Boston Symphony, was born in Vishny-Volotchok, Russia.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1882        Jul 26, Richard Wagner's final opera "Parsifal," premiered in Bayreuth, Germany.
    (WSJ, 7/2/99, p.W11A)(MC, 7/26/02)

1875        Jul 26, Carl Jung (d.1961), Swiss psychiatrist and analytical psychologist who identified the introvert and extrovert types, was born in Kesswil, Switzerland. He saw the I Ching as a tool to help tune into the noncausal connectedness of the universe-- what he called synchronicity.
    (NH, 9/97, p.13)(WUD, 1994, p.774)(SFEC,10/19/97, BR p.3)(HN, 7/26/98)

1882        Jul 26, Richard Wagner's final opera "Parsifal," premiered in Bayreuth, Germany.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1886        Jul 26, William Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury as prime minister of England.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1893        Jul 26, George Grosz (d.1959), German satiric artist and illustrator, was born. He arrived in Berlin in 1911 and began drawing what he saw in a style of expressionism and the journalistic style of Heinrich Zille. A collection of his work was published in 1997 based on an exhibition catalog titled: "The Berlin of George Grosz: Drawings, Watercolors and Prints, 1912-1930."
    (SFEC, 7/13/97, BR p.10)(HN, 7/26/01)

1894        Jul 26, Aldous L. Huxley (d.1963), author (Brave New World), was born in Surrey, England. "Most human beings have an almost infinite capacity for taking things for granted." "Parodies and caricatures are the most penetrating of criticisms."
    (AP, 7/13/97)(AP, 7/26/98)(MC, 7/26/02)

1895        Jul 26, Gracie Allen, vaudeville, screen, radio and television personality, wife and foil of George Burns, was born.
    (HN, 7/26/01)

1903        Jul 26, Dr. Horatio Nelson Jackson of Vermont and his mechanic Sewell Croker arrived in NYC completing the first cross-country automobile trip in 63 days after leaving SF. On July 26, 2003 Peter Kesling and Charlie Wake completed a rerun of the original trip.
    (WSJ, 7/19/02, p.W9)(WSJ, 5/7/03, p.B1)(SSFC, 7/27/03, p.A2)(ON, 9/04, p.12)
1903        Jul 26, It was reported that the old castle built by Adolph Sutro on Telegraph Hill, SF, was destroyed by fire. The German castle on Telegraph Hill had been built by entrepreneur Frederick Layman.
    (SFEC, 12/26/99, p.W2)(SFC, 11/27/00, p.A18)

1908        Jul 26, U.S. Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte issued an order creating an investigative agency that was a forerunner of the FBI.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1908        Jul 26, Salvador Allende Gossens, Chile's last elected president (1970-73), was born.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1914        Jul 26, Erskine Hawkins, trumpeter, was born.
    (HN, 7/26/01)
1914        Jul 26, Austrian-Hungary condemned a Serbian ultimatum.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1917        Jul 26, J. Edgar Hoover got job with the Justice Department.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1918        Jul 26, Britain's top war ace, Edward Mannock, was shot down by ground fire on the Western Front.
    (HN, 7/26/98)

1919        Jul 26, James Lovelock, British biologist and inventor, was born. He developed the Gaia hypothesis. According to this idea the earth is influenced by life to sustain life, and the planet is a the core of a single, unified, living system. "The earth is a living organism, and I�ll stick by that," he says.
    (V.D.-H.K.p.388)

1922        Jul 26, Jason Robards Jr, actor (A Thousand Clowns, Any Wednesday), was born in Chicago.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1925        Jul 26, William Jennings Bryan (65), lawyer (1925 Scopes-monkey trial), died.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1926        Jul 26, Philippines government asked the US to plebiscite for independence.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1928        Jul 26,     Stanley Kubrick (d.1999), American film director, was born in Bronx, NY. His works included Spartacus and 2001: A Space Odyssey.
    (HN, 7/26/98)(SFC, 3/8/99, p.A7)(MC, 7/26/02)
1928        Jul 26, Bernice Rubens, Welsh novelist and filmmaker, was born.
    (HN, 7/26/01)

1929        Jul 26, Jean Shepherd, humorist (Playboy satire Award 1966, 1967, 1969), was born.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1939        Jul 26, The London Times reported the discovery of a buried ship and other artifacts at Sutton Hoo. Archeologist later suspected that it was an empty grave and memorial for a 7th century Anglo-Saxon chief.
    (ON, 4/03, p.10)

1940        Jul 26, Mary Jo Kopechne (d.1969), killed while driving with Ted Kennedy, was born.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1942        Jul 26, Roman Catholic churches protested the Dutch bishops� stand against the spread of Judaism.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1942        Jul 26, RAF bombed Hamburg.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1943        Jul 26, In England Mick [Michael Phillip] Jagger, musician, member of the Rolling Stones, was born in Dartford, Kent.
    (SFEM,11/9/97, p.9)(HN, 7/26/01)
1943        Jul 26, Otto Skorzeny's commando group arrived in Rome.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1944        Jul 26, The first desegregation in the US Army.
    (HFA, '96, p.34)
1944        Jul 26, There was a Japanese suicide attack on US lines in Guam.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1945        Jul 26, US cruiser Indianapolis reached Tinian with atom bomb.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1945        Jul 26, The US, Britain and China issued the Potsdam Declaration to Japan that she surrender unconditionally. Two days later Japanese Premier Kantaro Suzuki announced to the Japanese press that the Potsdam declaration is to be ignored.
    (WSJ, 5/5/95, p.A-12)
1945        Jul 26, Winston Churchill resigned as Britain's prime minister after his Conservatives were soundly defeated by the Labor Party. Clement Attlee became the new prime minister.
    (AP, 7/26/97)

1946        Jul 26, President Truman ordered the desegregation of all US forces.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1947        Jul 26, President Truman signed the National Security Act, creating the Department of Defense, the National Security Council, the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA, FBI, and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The act forbade the CIA from operating within the US. The CIA was transformed from the Office of Strategic Services and was led by Adm. Walter Chilcott Ford (d.1999 at 96) until 1949.
    (SFC, 11/23/96, p.A2)(AP, 7/26/97)(SFC, 11/25/99, p.D9)(MC, 7/26/02)

1948        Jul 26, President Harry Truman In Executive Order No. 9981 called for "equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion or national origin."
    (USAT, 7/23/98, p.8A)(HN, 7/26/98)(MC, 7/26/02)

1950        Jul 26-29, US troops killed up to 300 South Korean refugees trapped under a bridge at No Gun Ri. The villagers had gathered there to avoid strafing from US planes which killed some 100. US troops feared the refugees included infiltrators from North Korea. The killings were not made public until 1999. On Jan 11, 2001 the US Army admitted that civilians were massacred and Pres. Clinton offered his regrets. The US Army blamed the "fog of war" in apology and acknowledgement
    (SFC, 9/30/99, p.A1,16)(WSJ, 6/5/00, p.A32)(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.D2)

1952        Jul 26, Adlai E. Stevenson was nominated for president by the Democratic National Convention in Chicago; John J. Sparkman was nominated for vice president.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1952        Evita Peron (b.1919), the first lady of Argentina, died of cancer at age 33. Her biography: "Eva Peron" was written by Alicia Dujovne Ortiz. "Santa Evita" was a (1996) novel by Tomas Eloy Martinez based on the fate of her corpse. Eva wrote a little book "Mi Mensaje" (My Message, or In My Own Words) that was unfinished and lost until 1987 and published in English under the title "In My Own Words." "My Mission In Life" was ghostwritten under Eva�s name by Manuel Penella de Silva.
    (SFEC, 8/18/96, PM p. 8)(SFEC, 11/3/96, BR p.1)(AP, 7/26/97)
1952        Jul 26, King Farouk I of Egypt abdicated in the wake of a coup led by Gamal Abdel Nasser.
    (AP, 7/26/97)

1953        Jul 26, A band of anti-Batistas revolted against Pres. Fulgencio Batista with an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada army barracks in eastern Cuba. Castro was among the moncadistas and ousted Batista six years later. Castro was imprisoned on the Isle of Pines after the attack at Moncada.
    (AP, 7/26/97)(SFEC, 8/23/98, BR p.5)(WSJ, 7/10/02, p.D8)

1956        Jul 26, Dorothy Hamill, (Olympic Hall of Famer, Olympic Gold Medallist ice skater [1976]; U.S. Ice Skating Champion [1974-1976]), was born.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1956        Jul 26, Egyptian Premier Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal to provide revenue for the construction of the high Aswan dam.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1685)(EWH, 1968, p.1241)(EWH, 1968, p.1249)

1957        Jul 26, Pres. Carlos Castillo Armas of Guatemala was assassinated.
    (WUD, 1994, p.1685)
1957        Jul 26, USSR launched the 1st intercontinental multistage ballistic missile.
    (MC, 7/26/02)

1959        Jul 26, Kevin Spacey, actor (Henry & June, Darrow), was born in South Orange, NJ.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1963        Jul 26, Skopje, Yugoslavia, was destroyed by earthquake and over 1,000 were killed.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1964        Jul 26, Teamsters president Jimmy Hoffa and six others were convicted of fraud and conspiracy in the handling of a union pension fund.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1965        Jul 26, Republic of Maldives (Falkland Islands) gained independence from Britain.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1971        Jul 26, Apollo 15 was launched from Cape Kennedy.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1971        Jul 26, Diane Arbus [Nemerov] (b.1923), photographer, committed suicide in NYC. In 1984 Patricia Bosworth authored: "Diane Arbus: A Biography."
     (http://photography.about.com/ librar y/weekly/aa110600c.htm)
1973        Jul 26, Peter Shaffer's "Equus," premiered in London.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1984        Jul 26, Ed Gein (78), mass murderer (movie "Psycho" based on him), died.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1986        Jul 26, Kidnappers in Lebanon released the Reverend Lawrence Martin Jenco, an American hostage held for nearly 19 months.
    (AP, 7/26/00)
1986        Jul 26, Averell Harriman (b.1892), statesman and former New York Governor, died at age 94 in Yorktown Heights, NY. He left his fabulous art collection, fortune, and influence in the Democratic Party to his wife, Pamela Churchill Harriman. She was later appointed by Pres. Clinton as ambassador to France. In 1996 Sally Bedell Smith wrote her biography: "Reflected Glory: The Life of Pamela Churchill Harriman."
    (SFC, 10/23/96, p.E6)(MC, 7/26/02)
1987        Jul 26, Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger said the Navy's anti-mine capabilities would be improved in the Persian Gulf in the wake of a mine explosion that damaged the tanker Bridgeton.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1988        Jul 26, U.N. Secretary General Javier Perez de Cuellar met twice with Iran's foreign minister in the first formal talks about a cease-fire for the eight-year war between Iran and Iraq.
    (AP, 7/26/98)
1989        Jul 26, Mark Wellman, a 29-year-old paraplegic, reached the summit of El Capitan in Yosemite National Park after hauling himself up the granite cliff six inches at a time over nine days.
    (AP, 7/26/99)
1990        Jul 26, US Congress passed and Pres. George Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).
    (WSJ, 7/26/95, p.A-12)(SFEC, 5/25/97, p.C10)
1990        Jul 26, The US House of Representatives reprimanded Congressman Barney Frank, (Democrat, Massachusetts) for ethics violations.
    (AP, 7/26/00)
1990        Jul 26, The US Centers for Disease Control reported that a young woman, later identified as Kimberly Bergalis, had been infected with the AIDS virus, apparently by her dentist.
    (AP, 7/26/00)
1991        Jul 26, Secretary of State James A. Baker the Third addressed Mongolia�s first legislature chosen in multiparty elections, applauding the rise of democracy and promising millions of dollars in aid.
    (AP, 7/26/01)
1991        Jul 26, Paul Reubens (Pee Wee Herman) was arrested in Florida for exposing himself at an adult movie theater.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1991        Jul 26, Slovenian crowds gathered to declare their independence. They blockaded the barracks of the Yugoslav army and their Territorial Defense Force attacked border crossings and armored columns.
    (SFC, 5/26/96, T-5)
1992        Jul 26, Miguel Indurain of Spain won cycling's Tour de France for the second year in a row.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1992        Jul 26,    Singer Mary Wells died in Los Angeles at age 49.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1992        Jul 26, Muhamed Cehajic, mayor of Prijedor, Bosnia, disappeared and was believed killed. Milomar Stakic became mayor and was later accused of direct involvement in establishing concentration camps at Omarska, Keraterm and Trnopolje. Momcilo Radanovic was later accused of leading a brigade that carried out numerous massacres and extortion of money from non-Serbs. Stakic was arrested in 2001 and sentenced to life in prison in 2003.
    (SFC, 2/1/97, p.A12)(SFC, 3/24/01, p.A12)(SFC, 8/1/03, p.A3)
1992        Jul 26, Iraq agreed to permit weapons inspectors to search the Agriculture Ministry in Baghdad.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1993        Jul 26, President Clinton launched a harder sell for his budget at a conference in Chicago, accusing Republicans of gridlock.
    (AP, 7/26/98)
1993        Jul 26, Ret. Gen. Matthew B. Ridgway (98), US Army Chief of Staff (1953-55), died in Fox Chapel, Pa.
    (AP, 7/26/98)
1993        Jul 26, A Boeing 737-500 crashed in South Korea and 66 were killed.
    (MC, 7/26/02)
1994        Jul 26, The House Banking Committee opened limited hearings on the Whitewater controversy.
    (AP, 7/26/99)
1994        Jul 26-27, A car bomb heavily damaged the Israeli embassy in London, injuring 14; hours later, a second bomb exploded outside a building housing Jewish organizations in north London.
    (AP, 7/26/99)(NYT, 10/8/04, p.A12)
1994        Jul 26, In Cambodia 3 Western backpackers were kidnapped from a train by the Khmer Rouge. The surprise train attack left 13 dead. Frenchman Michel Braquet, Briton Mark Slater, and Australian David Wilson were held at the base of Nuon Paet, who later ordered them killed. Paet was convicted for the killings in 1999 and sentenced to life in prison. Sam Bith and Chhouk Rin, former Khmer Rouge guerrillas, were charged in connection with the abduction and slayings in 1999. Col. Rin was arrested in 2000. Chhouk Rin was acquitted in 2000 due to an amnesty for rebel defectors. In 2002 Bith was convicted and jailed for life.
    (SFC, 6/8/99, p.A12)(SFC, 6/22/99, p.A12)(SFC, 6/22/99, p.A12)(SFC, 1/19/00, p.A16)(WSJ, 7/19/00, p.A1)(MC, 7/26/02)(AP, 12/23/02)
1995        Jul 26, The Senate voted 69-to-29 to unilaterally lift the UN embargo on arms shipments to Bosnia.
    (AP, 7/26/00)
1995        Jul 26, Former Michigan Governor George W. Romney died at age 88.
    (AP, 7/26/00)
1996        Jul 26, Amy Van Dyken became the first American woman to win four gold medals at a single Olympics as she captured the 50-meter freestyle in Atlanta.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1996        Jul 26, President Clinton rejected a clemency plea from Jonathan Pollard, who'd spent more than 10 years in prison for spying for Israel.
    (AP, 7/26/97)
1996        Jul 26, It was announced that researchers had devised a new small molecule that may be used in pill form to replace large molecules which up to now needed to be injected.
    (WSJ, 7/26/96, p.A1)
1996        Jul 26, Researchers announced the discovery of a gene, fosB, associated with infant care in mice.
    (SFC, 7/26/96, p.A10)
1996        Jul 26, UN sources said that 268 Hutu civilians were killed in Gitega province. The Tutsi army said Hutu rebels attacked a coffee factory in Giheta.
    (SFC, 8/8/96, p.A8)
1997        Jul 26, Pres. Clinton visited Lake Tahoe and announced that the Forest Service would allot 350 acres to the Washoe Indian tribe for a cultural center and give tribal members access to the edge of lake Tahoe. He also made an executive order for $50 million over 2 years and 25 initiatives to improve the water quality of Lake Tahoe. He brought with him $26 million worth of postal trucks and sewage pipes to help preserve the lake.
    (SFEC, 7/27/97, p.A1,14)(AP, 7/26/98)
1997        Jul 26, In Belgium at the Ostend Air Show a Jordanian aerobatics airplane crashed and killed 9 people.
    (WSJ, 7/28/97, p.A1)
1997        Jul 26, In Cambodia Communist guerrillas announced that Pol Pot was sentenced to life imprisonment and Nate Thayer, a US reporter for the Far Eastern Economic Review claimed to have seen Pol Pot and prepared a report for the Review.
    (WSJ, 7/28/97, p.A12)
1997        Jul 26, From Egypt it was reported that a cease-fire had been proclaimed by 6 imprisoned leaders of the Gamaa al Islamiya. The government dismissed the cease-fire as empty talk.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A13)
1998        Jul 26, The White House said President Clinton's lawyers were working with prosecutor Kenneth Starr to avert Clinton's direct testimony to a grand jury about the Monica Lewinsky case. The president ended up testifying via closed-circuit television.
    (AP, 7/26/99)
1998        Jul 26, AT&T and British Telecommunications PLC announced they were forming a joint venture to combine international operations and develop a new Internet system. The joint venture, known as Concert, proved a money-loser and was shut down.
    (AP, 7/26/03)
1998        Jul 26, It was reported that Digital Video Express (DIVX) was being marketed by Circuit City and the Good Guys as an choice against Digital Video Disks (DVD). The system was developed by Circuit City and a law firm to provide viewers purchase options. The disks scramble after 48 hours if not renewed or purchased.
    (SFEC, 7/26/98, DB)
1998        Jul 26, In Michigan 3 spectators were killed and 6 people injured at the US 500 Race in Brooklyn.
    (WSJ, 7/27/98, p.A1)
1998        Jul 26, In Algeria attackers in Khelil in Tlemcen province and in Sidi Abdelmoumen in Saida province killed 20 people in overnight attacks.
    (SFC, 7/27/98, p.A10)
1998        Jul 26, In Cambodia a Khmer Rouge attack left 10 people dead as the nation voted for a new government. 40-50 guerrillas struck at an army outpost at O�Kong Bich. No party was expected to win a majority of the 122 seat National Assembly.
    (SFC, 7/27/98, p.A8)
1998        Jul 26, In Guinea-Bissau army rebels and the government agreed to a cease-fire and promised to open peace talks.
    (SFC, 7/27/98, p.A10)
1998        Jul 26, Serb military action in the villages of Srednja Klina and Hgornja Klina near Srbica left 3 elderly people shot to death and 2 others wounded.
    (SFC, 7/27/98, p.A8)
1999        Jul 26, Secretary of State Madeleine Albright and her Russian counterpart, Igor Ivanov, announced a second Washington-Moscow "hot line" would be installed to help avoid misunderstandings like those that had developed over Kosovo.
    (WSJ, 7/27/99, p.A1)(AP, 7/26/00)
1999        Jul 26, Cary Stayner, a motel handyman, described in detail for an off-camera jailhouse interview with San Francisco TV station KBWB how he�d killed a naturalist and three Yosemite sightseers.
    (AP, 7/26/00)
1999        Jul 26, The eastern third of the US was gripped in heat and at least 24 deaths over the last week resulted.
    (SFC, 7/27/99, p.A3)
1999        Jul 26, Brazil said it would temporarily suspend all trade talks with Argentina after Argentina moved to curb certain Brazilian exports.
    (WSJ, 7/28/99, p.A20)
1999        Jul 26, Eritrea and Ethiopia agreed to send delegates to Algeria to finalize arrangements to end their 14-month border war.
    (SFC, 7/27/99, p.A10)
1999        Jul 26, Japanese government officials and US Sec. of State Madeleine Albright issued a threat of economic and diplomatic consequences to North Korea if it fires another rocket over Japanese territory.
    (SFC, 8/3/99, p.A10)
2000        Jul 26, George W. Bush and his just-chosen running mate, Dick Cheney, set out on their first campaign excursion together as they visited Cheney�s former hometown of Casper, Wyoming.
    (AP, 7/26/01)
2000        Jul 26, A federal judge in New York approved a $1.25 billion settlement between Swiss banks and more than a-half million plaintiffs who alleged the banks had hoarded money deposited by Holocaust victims.
    (AP, 7/26/01)
2000        Jul 26, The US Navy reported that an F-14 Tomcat jet crashed in Saudi Arabia during a training flight. Iraqi air defense later reported that Iraqi units had shot down a US Air Force F-14 over southern Iraq in mid July and that the Navy report was a coverup.
    (SFEC, 8/20/00, p.B16)
2000        Jul 26, Napster Inc. was hit with a preliminary injunction to halt all illegal song swapping over the Internet. A temporary stay was granted on appeal 2 days later.
    (SFC, 7/27/00, p.A1)(SFC, 7/29/00, p.A1)
2000        Jul 26, In Cuba over 1 million protestors marched in Havana against the US trade embargo.
    (SFC, 7/27/00, p.C3)
2000        Jul 26, In Fiji George Speight was arrested by the military, which then stormed a stronghold of his followers.
    (SFC, 7/27/00, p.A10)
2000        Jul 26, In Indonesia the attorney general filed corruption charges against former Pres. Suharto.
    (SFC, 7/27/00, p.A16)
2000        Jul 26, In Russia a tax reform bill was passed that scrapped the graduated income tax in favor of a 13% flat tax.
    (SFC, 7/27/00, p.A10)

2001        Jul 26, Hewlett-Packard announced 6,000 worldwide job cuts and JDS Uniphase announced another 7,000 cuts.
    (SFC, 7/27/01, p.A1)
2001        Jul 26, China granted parole to two U.S.-based scholars convicted of spying for Taiwan.
    (AP, 7/26/02)
2001        Jul 26, The UN War Crimes tribunal indicted Gen. Ante Gotovina on 8 counts of war crimes linked to alleged atrocities in 1995. In 2005 Croatia�s failure to arrest him hindered the country�s entry to the EU.
    (SFC, 7/27/01, p.D6)(Econ, 3/12/05, p.52)
2001        Jul 26, In Indonesia the legislature elected Hamzah Haz as vice president. In Jakarta a high-court justice was assassinated by gunmen on motorbikes.
    (WSJ, 7/27/01, p.A1)
2001        Jul 26, In Indonesia Syafiuddin Kartasasmita, a Supreme Court Justice, was shot to death by 4 assassins. Tommy Suharto was later implicated in the murder.
    (SFC, 8/7/01, p.A7)
2001        Jul 26, An Israeli youth was killed in a drive-by shooting and 3 bombs went off in the West Bank with no injuries.
    (WSJ, 7/27/01, p.A1)

2002        Jul 26, The US Republican-led House voted, 295 to 132, to create an enormous Homeland Security Department, the biggest government reorganization in decades.
    (AP, 7/26/03)
2002        Jul 25, Cassandra Williamson (6) vanished from a suburban St. Louis home; her body was found hours later at an abandoned glass factory. Johnny Johnson (24), an acquaintance of Cassandra's father who had spent the night at the house was later indicted for murder.
    (SFC, 7/27/02, p.A3)(AP, 7/26/03)
2002        Jul 26, The SF-based Texas Pacific Group agreed to buy Burger King from Diageo PLC for $2.26 billion.
    (SFC, 7/26/02, p.B1)
2002        Jul 26, Hershey Foods in Hershey, Pa., announced that it would put itself up for sale under directions by the Hershey Trust Co.
    (SFC, 7/26/02, p.B3)
2002        Jul 26, In Argentina an new Evita Museum opened in Buenos Aires on the 50-year anniversary of her death.
    (SFC, 7/26/02, p.A16)
2002        Jul 26, In Brazil the new $1.4 billion Amazon Radar Surveillance (SIVAM), developed by Raytheon, was unveiled. It was to be used to curb crime and gather economic data.
    (SFC, 7/26/02, p.A16)
2002        Jul 26, The Burundian army claimed it has killed at least 500 Hutu rebels during fighting over the last two weeks, while suffering only 15 losses.
    (AP, 7/26/02)    
2002        Jul 26, It was reported that the regional Chinese governments of Tibet, Sichuan and Yunnan had agreed to develop an area to be called "The China Shangri-La Ecological Tourist Zone" across 50 counties next to Meili Snow Mountain.
    (SFC, 7/26/02, p.A15)
2002        Jul 26, In Guayaquil, Ecuador, South American presidents gathered for a 2nd region-wide summit in the face of political instability and economic turmoil.
    (AP, 7/26/02)
2002        Jul 26, Indian Vice President Krishan Kant, 75, died of a heart attack.
    (Reuters, 7/27/02)
2002        Jul 26, An Indonesian court sentenced former President Suharto's son Tommy to a total of 15 years in jail for paying a hitman to kill a Supreme Court judge and other offences.
    (Reuters, 7/26/02)
2002        Jul 26, In Indonesia bomb-like explosions hit the troubled city of Ambon, injuring 51 people, 10 of them seriously.
    (Reuters, 7/27/02)
2002        Jul 26, Israel sent tanks and troops into Gaza City. Troops fatally shot a Palestinian man as he stood in his kitchen in Qalqilya. Palestinian security officials said Israeli soldiers were firing live ammunition as they searched houses, and that the man had been hit in the head.
    (AP, 7/26/02)
2002        Jul 26, Liberian attackers crossed into eastern Sierra Leone and abducted 18 villagers, in the second such raid in just over a week.
    (AP, 7/26/02)
2002        Jul 26, Jose Juan Palafox, a regional director of Mexico's main intelligence agency was slain in the border city of Tijuana, the 11th person killed this week in what authorities say is an escalating drug war.
    (AP, 7/27/02)
2002        Jul 26, Palestinian gunmen waiting in ambush fired on two passing Israeli cars near a Jewish settlement in the southern West Bank, killing four people and injuring two children before fleeing.
    (AP, 7/26/02)
2002        Jul 26, In Peru 2 buses collided on a slick highway on the coast and another bus slammed into them, killing at least 12 people and injuring 37.
    (AP, 7/26/02)
2003        Jul 26, Backers of a drive to oust California Governor Gray Davis held a boisterous celebration at the state Capitol in Sacramento, more than two months before the Oct. 7 recall election.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2003        Jul 26, John Higham (82), historian, died. His books included "Hanging Together: Unity and Diversity in American Culture."
    (SSFC, 12/28/03, p.E9)
2003        Jul 26, Harold C. Schonberg (87), New York Times music critic, died in New York.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2003        Jul 26, Cuba celebrated the 50th anniversary of the start of Fidel Castro's revolution against Fulgencio Batista.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2003        Jul 26, In Haiti a 4-day Voodoo religion pilgrimage, ended. It began with rituals to Ogou, the god of war, and ended with rites to the goddess of love, Erzuli. This year's crowd of more than 10,000 was half the turnout of last year.
    (AP, 7/28/03)
2003        Jul 26, In Iraq a grenade attack killed 3 US soldiers and wounded four while they guarded a children's hospital in Baqouba.
    (AP, 7/26/03)
2003        Jul 26, Jiri Horak (79), the first leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party (190-1992) after the fall of communism, died in Florida.
    (AP, 7/26/03)
2003        Jul 26, Across northern Japan 3 powerful earthquakes knocked out power grids, collapsed buildings and set off mudslides. At least 268 people were hurt.
    (AP, 7/26/03)
2003        Jul 26, In Liberia a mortar attack into a church harboring thousands of refugees, killed at least 15 and wounded about 55 others.
    (AP, 7/26/03)

2004        Jul 26, The Democratic National Convention opened in Boston with an estimated 35,000 visitors. Speakers included Al Gore, Jimmy Carter, Hillary and Bill Clinton.
    (SFC, 7/27/04, p.A1)
2004        Jul 26, A new variation of the Mydoom computer virus spread across the Internet.
    (SFC, 7/27/04, p.D1)
2004        Jul 26, Afghan President Hamid Karzai formally filed his candidacy for October presidential elections and chose a brother of late resistance hero Ahmad Shah Masoud as his running mate for vice president.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 26, Czech President Vaclav Klaus named Social Democrat leader Stanislav Gross (B.1969) as the country's next prime minister, making him Europe's youngest leader and paving the way for a new center-left government.
     (www.e-paranoids.com/s/st/stan islav_ gross.html)
2004        Jul 26, An Egyptian diplomat held hostage by militants in Iraq for three days was released and was in good condition.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 26, Al-Qaida-linked Islamic militants threatened to "shake the earth" everywhere in Italy if Rome does not withdraw troops from Iraq. The Internet statement, attributed to the Abu Hafs al-Masri Brigades, was the 2nd such threat against the government of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi in two weeks.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 26, A suicide car bomber attacked near a U.S. base in the northern city of Mosul, killing three Iraqis. Assassins gunned down a senior Interior Ministry official and militants said they kidnapped two Jordanian truck drivers in spiraling violence in Iraq. Basra gunmen shot 2 women dead and wounded 3 who were on their way to cleaning jobs at Bechtel.
    (AP, 7/26/04)(WSJ, 7/27/04, p.A1)
2004        Jul 26, Attackers shot and killed Col. Musab al-Awadi, the ministry's deputy chief of tribal affairs, and 2 of his bodyguards in a drive-by shooting at the official's Baghdad home.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 26, Close to 5,000 'cybernauts' gathered for a weeklong computer party in Spain�s southeastern city of Valencia.
    (AP, 7/26/04)

__________________
"Never interrupt your enemy when he is making a mistake"

                                                         ��   Napoleon Bonaparte

Edited by Komnenos

Originally posted by the Bulgarian Hello Komnenos. I have two modifications to make to your time table:.�khan Krum died from a heart attack not in 817, but in 814

Sorry, my fault, you're right.

Stauracios died a few days after the battle from his woons.

Stauracios was crowned Emperor a few days after the battle, was deposed in October by Michael I Rhangabes and died in a monastery in January 812.

And greetings to all Bulgars from Holland, Friede sei mit dir!



Edited by Komnenos