July 25

Today in History - July 25

---

326        Jul 25, Constantine refused to carry out the traditional pagan sacrifices.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

975        Jul 25, Thietmar bishop of Merseburg, German chronicler, was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1360        Jul 25, Jews were expelled from Breslau, Silesia.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1394        Jul 25, Charles VI of France issued a decree for the general expulsion of Jews from France. [see Sep 17, Nov 3]
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1471        Jul 25, Thomas A. Kempis (91), [Thomas Hammerken von Kempen], German writer, monk, died. His popular "Imitation of Christ" went through 99 editions by the end of the century.
    (WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R34)(Internet)

1564        Jul 25, Maximillian II became emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1575        Jul 25, Christoph Scheiner, astronomer, was born in Germany.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1587        Jul 25, Japanese strong-man Hideyoshi banned Christianity in Japan and ordered all Christians to leave.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1593        Jul 25, France's King Henry IV converted from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1616        Jul 25, Andreas Libavius, German alchemist, died.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1670        Jul 25, Jews were expelled from Vienna, Austria.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1729        Jul 25, North Carolina became a royal colony.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1759        Jul 25, British forces defeated a French army at Fort Niagara in Canada. During their 7 Years' War.
    (HN, 7/25/98)(SC, 7/25/02)

1775        Jul 25, Anna Symmes Harrison, 1st lady, was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1775        Jul 25, Maryland issued currency depicting George III trampling the Magna Carta.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1791        Jul 25, Free African Society (FAS) leaders drew up a plan to organize the African Church. Richard Allen purchased a site for a church for the African-American community in Philadelphia. It later stood as the oldest parcel of land continuously owned by African Americans. The Richard Allen Museum contains 19th century artifacts from the church.
    (www.pbs.org)

1797        Jul 25, Presidente Fermin Francisco de Lasuen founded Mission San Miguel Archangel, the 16th California mission. He took possession of the land on behalf of Viceroy Branciforte. The mission facilitated travel between Mission San Luis Obispo and Mission San Antonio.
    (SB, 3/28/02)

1799        Jul 25, On his way back from Syria, Napoleon Bonaparte defeated the Ottomans at Aboukir, Egypt.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1805        Jul 25, Aaron Burr visited New Orleans with plans to establish a new country, with New Orleans as the capital city.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1814        Jul 25, British and American forces fought each other to a stand off at Lundy's Lane (Niagara Falls), Canada, in some of the fiercest fighting in the War of 1812.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1822        Jul 25, Gen. Agustin de Iturbide was crowned Agustin I, 1st emperor of Mexico.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1832        Jul 25, The 1st US railroad accident was at Granite Railway, Quincy, Mass., and 1 died.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1840        Jul 25, Flora Adams Darling, founded Daughters of American Revolution, was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1844        Jul 25, Thomas Eakins (d.1916), American painter, was born.
    (SFC, 5/6/97, p.E4)(WUD, 1994, p.447)(HN, 7/25/02)
1844        Jul 25, Louis Napoleon (b.1779), French king of the Netherlands (1806-10), died.
    (www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Louis-Napoleon-Bona parte)

1845        Jul 25, China granted Belgium equal trading rights with Britain, France and the United States.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1848        Jul 25, Arthur James Balfour (d.1930), the First Earl of Balfour and prime Minister of Great Britain (1902-1905), was born: "A religion that is small enough for our understanding would not be large enough for our needs."
    (AP, 11/14/97)(HN, 7/25/98)

1850        Jul 25, Gold was discovered in the Rogue River in Oregon, extending the quest for gold up the Pacific coast.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1853        Jul 25, David Belasco, actor, playwright and producer, was born.
    (HN, 7/25/02)

1860        Jul 25, The 1st US intercollegiate billiard match was between Harvard and Yale.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1861        Jul 25, The Crittenden Resolution, calling for the American Civil War to be fought to preserve the Union and not for slavery, was passed by Congress.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1866        Jul 25, Ulysses S. Grant was named General of the Army, the first officer to hold the rank.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1867        Jul 25, President Andrew Johnson signed an act creating the territory of Wyoming. [see Jul 25, 1868]
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1868        Jul 25, Congress passed an act creating the Wyoming Territory. [see Jul 25, 1867]
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1871        Jul 25, A carrousel was patented by Wilhelm Schneider in Davenport, Iowa.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1880        Jul 25, Morris Raphel Cohen, American philosopher and mathematician, was born.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1883        Jul 25, Alfredo Casella, composer (La Giara), was born in Turin, Italy.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1884        Jul 25, Davidson Black, doctor of anatomy (identified Peking Man), was born in Canada.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1894        Jul 25, Walter Brennan, actress (Real McCoys, At Gun Point), was born in Swampscott, Mass.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1894        Jul 25, Japanese forces sank the British steamer Kowshing which was bringing Chinese reinforcements to Korea.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1896        Jul 25, An estimated 5,000 cyclists gathered in SF to demonstrate for better roads.
    (Ind, 8/2/03, p.5A)

1898        Jul 25, US Gen'l. Nelson A. Miles landed troops at Guanica on the southern coast of Puerto Rico. Spain and the US came to terms at the Treaty of Paris and the US acquired Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico became a US territory.
    (HT, 4/97, p.65)(SFC, 3/26/97, p.C3)

1899        Jul 25, Ralph Dumke, actor (Movieland Quiz), was born in Indiana.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1902        Jul 25, Eric Hoffer (d.1983), American longshoreman, philosopher and author of "In Our Time," was born: "Our present addiction to pollsters and forecasters is a symptom of our chronic uncertainty about the future. ... We watch our experts read the entrails of statistical tables and graphs the way the ancients watched their soothsayers read the entrails of a chicken." "It almost seems that nobody can hate America as much as native Americans. America needs new immigrants to love and cherish it." "We do not usually look for allies when we love. Indeed, we often look on those who love with us as rivals and trespassers. But we always look for allies when we hate."
    (AP, 5/21/97)(AP, 10/28/97)(AP, 5/23/98)(HN, 7/25/02)

1903        Jul 25, The castle on top of Telegraph Hill (SF, Ca.) closed. [see Jul 26]
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1905        Jul 25, Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-British novelist, essayist (Nobel 1981), was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1907        Jul 25, Jack Gilford, actor (Save the Tiger, Cocoon, Arthur 2), was born in NYC.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1907        Jul 25, Johnny Hodges, jazz musician, was born.
    (HN, 7/25/02)

1909        Jul 25, Draugas, "The Friend," a Lithuanian newspaper, began publishing in Chicago.
    (Dr, 7/96, V1#1, p.3)
1909        Jun 20, The first honeymoon in a balloon.
    (HFA, '96, p.32)
1909        Jul 25, French aviator Louis Bl�riot made the first crossing of the English Channel from Calais to Dover in a powered aircraft on, winning a �1,000 prize offered by the London Daily Mail. Piloting his Type XI monoplane at an average of 39 miles per hour, Bl�riot made the trip of 23.2 miles in just under 36 minutes [in 37 minutes].
    (AP, 7/25/97)(HNPD, 7/25/98)

1912        Jul 25, The Comoros were proclaimed to be French colonies.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1914        Jul 25, Russia declared that it would act to protect Serbian sovereignty.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1916        Jul 25, An explosion at the Cleveland Waterworks tunnel project trapped 12 men and 18 would-be rescuers. 8 men were saved and 10 bodies were recovered by a team led by black inventor Garrett A. Morgan (d.1963) dressed in his new Safety Hood.
    (ON, 3/02, p.12)

1918        Jul 25, Annette Adams of Calif. was sworn in as the 1st US woman district attorney.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1918        Jul 25, A race riot in Chester, Pennsylvania, left 3 blacks and 2 whites dead.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1924        Jul 25, Frank Church, Sen-D-Id, was born in Boise.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1924        Jul 25, Estelle Getty, actress (Sophia Petrillo-Golden Girls), was born in NYC.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1924        Jul 25, Greece announced the deportation of 50,000 Armenians.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1925        Jul 25, Jerry Paris, director, actor (Jerry-Dick Van Dyke Show), was born in SF, Calif.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1927        Jul 25, Midge Decter, writer and editor, was born in St. Paul Minn.
    (HN, 7/25/02)

1930        Jul 25, Maureen Forrester, contralto (Resurrection Symphony), was born in Montreal, Canada.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1932        Jul 25, Paul J. Weitz, astronaut (Skylab 2, STS 6), was born in Erie, Pennsylvania.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1934        Jul 25, There was a Nazi coup in Vienna. Austrian Premier Engelbert Dollfus was shot and killed by Nazis. Hitler murdered Austria's Chancellor Dollfus.
    (WUD, 1994, p.424,1682)(TMC, 1994, p.1934)(HN, 7/25/98)

1935        Jul 25, Barbara Harris, Tony award winning actress in The Apple Tree, was born.
    (HN, 7/25/98)
1935        Jul 25, Adnan Khashoggi, billionaire arms dealer, was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1935        Jul 25, Laurent Terzieff, actor (Pharaoh-Moses the Law Giver), was born in Paris, France.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1935        Jul 25, C. Jackson discovered asteroid #1641 Tana.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1936        Jul 25, The 115 acre Orchard Beach opened in the Bronx.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1936        Jul 25, G. Neujmin discovered asteroid #3761.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1940        Jul 25, John Sigmund began swimming for 89 hrs 46 mins in the Mississippi River.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1941        Jul 25, The U.S. government froze Japanese and Chinese assets.
    (HN, 7/25/98)

1943        Jul 25, Jim McCarty, rocker (The Yardbirds-For Your Love), was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1943        Jul 25, Janet Margolin, actress (Take the Money & Run, David & Lisa), was born in NYC.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1943        Jul 25, Benito Mussolini was dismissed as premier of Italy by King Victor Emmanuel III and placed under arrest. Mussolini was later rescued by the Nazis and re-asserted his authority.
    (AP, 7/25/97)(HN, 7/25/98)(news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday)

1944        Jul 25, Bing Crosby and the Andrews Sisters recorded Cole Porter's "Don't Fence Me In" in Los Angeles for Decca Records.
    (AP, 7/25/99)
1944        Jul 25, Allied forces begin the breakthrough of German lines in Normandy.
    (HN, 7/25/02)
1944        Jul 25, The Messerschmitt 262 became the 1st jet fighter used in combat.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1945        Jul 25, Donna Theodore, Broadway singer (Hollywood Talent Scouts), was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1946        Jul 25, The United States detonated a 2nd atomic bomb at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific in the first underwater test of the device. [see July 1]
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1948        Jul 25, Steve Goodman, singer, songwriter (Somebody Else�s Trouble), was born in Chicago.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1950        Jul 25, American soldiers In Korea ordered villagers away from Im Ke Ri and sent them on the road to Hwanggan.
    (SFC, 1/12/01, p.A8)
1950        Jul 25, Goethe Link Observatory discovered asteroids #1799 Koussevitsky, #1822 Waterman & #2842.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1951        Jul 25, L. Boyer discovered asteroid #1714 Sy.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1952        Jul 25, Goethe Link Observatory discovered asteroid #1788 Kiess.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1952        Jul 25, Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth of the United States.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1953        Jul 25, A truce ended the Korean War. S.L.A. Marshall later authored "The River and the Gauntlet," a description of the slaughter the war brought to both sides. Clay Blair later authored "Forgotten War," and Roy Appelman wrote "East of Chosin" and "Disaster in Korea."
    (SFEC, 5/16/99, Z1 p.4)(WSJ, 8/6/99, p.W7)
1953        Jul 25, NYC transit fare rose from 10 to 15 cents and 1st use of subway tokens began.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1954        Jul 25, Lynn Frederick, actress (Schizophrenia), was born in Middlesex, England.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1955        Jul 25, Iman, model, David Bowie's girlfriend, actress (Star Trek VI), was born.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1956        Jul 25, Jordanians attacked the UN Palestine truce.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1956        Jul 25, 51 people died when the Italian luxury liner Andrea Doria sank after colliding with the Swedish ship Stockholm in 200 feet of water 50 miles southeast of Nantucket Island, Mass. The Dorea was headed from Genoa, Italy, to NY.
    (TOH, 1982, p.1956)(WSJ, 5/30/97, p.A1)(AP, 7/25/97)(SFC, 1/1/99, p.A16) (SFC, 7/30/99, p.D5)

1957        Jul 25, Monarchy in Tunisia was abolished in favor of a republic.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1959        Jul 25, Vice President Richard Nixon squared off against Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev during the so-called Kitchen debate in Moscow. [see Jul 24]
    (HN, 7/25/98)
1959        Jul 25, Dr. Isaac Halevi Herzog (71), chief rabbi of Israel (1936-59), died.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1961        Jul 25, Katherine Kelly Lang, actress (Brooke-Bold & Beautiful), was born in LA, Calif.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1963        Jul 25, The United States, the Soviet Union and Britain initialed a treaty in Moscow prohibiting the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere, in space or underwater.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1964        Jul 25, Beatles' "Hard Day's Night, A," album went #1 and stayed #1 for 14 weeks.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1964        Jul 25, There was a race riot in Rochester, NY.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1965        Jul 25, Folk-rock began when Dylan used electricity at the Newport Folk Festival, RI.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1966        Jul 25, Supremes released "You Can't Hurry Love."
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1966        Jul 25, Yankee manager Casey Stengel was elected to baseball�s Hall of Fame.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1967        Jul 25, Construction began on SF MUNI Metro (Market Street subway).
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1967        Jul 25, US Navy Lt. Commander Donald Davis crashed his jet on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. Searchers later recovered fragments of his remains for return to the US.
    (SFC, 5/25/98, p.A4)

1968        Jul 25, H. Wroblewski discovered asteroid #1993 Guacolda.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1969        Jul 25, Some 70,000 attended the Seattle Pop Festival.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1969        Jul 25, The Nixon Doctrine was put forth in a press conference in Guam, in which he stated that the US henceforth expected its Asian allies to take care of their own military defense. [see Nov 3, 1969]
    (Internet)
1969        Jul 25, A week after the Chappaquiddick accident that claimed the life of Mary Jo Kopechne, Sen. Edward M. Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident.
    (AP, 7/25/99)

1972        Jul 25, US health officials conceded that blacks were used as guinea pigs in 40 year syphilis experiment.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1974        Jul 25, T. Smirnova discovered asteroid #2345 Fucik.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1975        Jul 25, Jay R. Ferguson Jr., actor (Taylor Newton-Evening Shade), was born in Dallas, Tx.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1975        Jul 25, "A Chorus Line," the longest-running Broadway show (6,137), premiered. [see Oct 19]
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1978        Jul 25, Louise Joy Brown, the first test-tube baby, was born in Oldham, England; she'd been conceived through in-vitro fertilization. In 2004 Robin Marantz Henig authored "Pandora's Baby: How the First Test Tube Babies sparked the Reproductive Revolution.
    (TL, 1988, p.119)(AP, 7/25/97)(SSFC, 2/22/04, p.M6)
1978        Jul 25, The Viking 2 Orbiter to Mars was powered down after 706 orbits.
    (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/viking.html)

1981        Jul 25, Voyager 2 encountered Saturn.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1981        Jul 25, Ian Martin (69), actor (Uncle Bill-O'Neills), died.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1983        Jul 25, 1st nonhuman primate, a baboon, was conceived in a lab dish in San Antonio.
    (SC, 7/25/02)
1983        Jul 25, Washington Public Power Supply System defaulted $2.25 billion.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1984        Jul 25, Soviet cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya became the first woman to walk in space. She carried out more than 3 hours of experiments outside the orbiting space station Salyut 7.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1985        Jul 25, A spokeswoman for Rock Hudson confirmed that the actor, hospitalized in Paris, was suffering from "AIDS." Hudson died the following October.
    (AP, 7/25/00)

1986        Jul 25, Vincente Minnelli (76), movie director, died in LA.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1987        Jul 25, Commerce Secretary Malcolm Baldrige died of internal injuries he sustained while participating in a rodeo. He was succeeded by C. William Verity.
    (AP, 7/25/97)
1987        Jul 25, USSR launched Kosmos 1870, a 15-ton Earth-study satellite.
    (SC, 7/25/02)

1988        Jul 25, A judge in New York ordered the feuding San Diego Yacht Club and a New Zealand challenger to settle the battle for the America's Cup with a September race. The Americans used a two-hulled catamaran to easily defeat the New Zealanders' monohull, setting off a legal dispute that ended two years later in victory for the American team.
    (AP, 7/25/98)

1989        Jul 25, The pilot of the United DC-10 that crashed in Sioux City, Iowa, July 19, Alfred C. Haynes, appeared at a news conference in which he dismissed descriptions of himself as a hero after he and his crew managed to save 184 of the 296 people aboard the crippled aircraft.
    (AP, 7/25/99)

1990        Jul 25, Comedian Roseanne Barr sparked controversy with an off-key rendition of the "Star-Spangled Banner" during a double-header at Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego.
    (AP, 7/25/00)
1990        Jul 25, The US ambassador to Iraq, April Glaspie, met with Iraqi President Saddam Hussein to discuss Iraq�s economic dispute with Kuwait.
    (AP, 7/25/00)
1990        Jul 25, The Senate formally denounced Senator Dave Durenberger (Republican, Minnesota) for financial improprieties.
    (AP, 7/25/00)

1991        Jul 25, Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev urged Communist leaders at a Central Committee meeting to reject "outdated ideological dogmas" and embrace a market economy.
    (AP, 7/25/01)
1991        Jul 25, A deadline for Iraq to provide full details of its weapons of mass destruction passed, with US officials indicating military action was not imminent.
    (AP, 7/25/01)

1992        Jul 25, Opening ceremonies were held in Barcelona, Spain, for the 25th Summer Olympics.
    (AP, 7/25/97)
1992        Jul 25, A 68-foot high Mistos (Match-Cover) by Claes Oldenburg was built for the Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, in reference to the Olympic Torch. In the Olympics the Unified team of the former Soviet Union won 45 gold medals and the US won 37.
    (Smith., Aug. 1995, p.81)(SFC, 7/14/96, Par p.4)
1992        Jul 25, Greg Spiers created the Lithuanian Basketball Team�s tie-died shirt featuring the Greatful Dead�s skeleton slam-dunking. He later sued for a share of the profits on the shirts.
    (SFEC, 8/18/96, DB p.44)
1992        Jul 25, Actor-singer Alfred Drake died in New York at age 78.
    (AP, 7/25/97)

1993        Jul 25, Israel launched its heaviest artillery and air assault on Lebanon since 1982 in an attempt to eradicate Hezbollah and Palestinian guerrilla threats. Guerrillas fired rockets into Israel. The fighting ended July 31 with a U.S.-brokered cease-fire. Israel and Hezbollah then agreed not to attack civilian targets, but the cease-fire was short lived.
    (AP, 7/25/98)(SFC, 5/24/00, p.A15)

1994        Jul 25, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Jordan's King Hussein signed a declaration at the White House ending their countries' 46-year-old formal state of war.
    (AP, 7/25/97) 

1995        Jul 25, A bomb exploded at the Paris subway St. Michel station, killing seven people and injuring at least 60. The Armed Islamic Group claimed responsibility. In 2003  Rachid Ramda, a banker for the group, was extradited from Britain to France on charges of conspiracy and murder.
    (AP, 7/25/00)(AP, 4/4/03)
1995        cJul 25, Two weeks after overrunning Srebrenica, Bosnian Serbs took over the safe area of Zepa.
    (WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A14)(SFC,10/16/97, p.A12)
1995        Jul 25, Radovan Karadzic and Gen�l. Ratko Mladic and 22 other Serbs were indicted for genocide by the UN War Crimes Hague Tribunal for commanding forces responsible for sniping in Serajevo and for genocide and crimes against humanity. Also indicted was Milan Martic, Croatian Serb leader of rebel Serb forces, for ordering the shelling of Zagreb in May �95.
    (WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A14)(SFC, 11/30/96, p.A15)(AP, 7/25/00)

1996        Jul 25, Divers searching the wreckage of TWA Flight 800 off Long Island, N.Y., recovered the flight data and cockpit voice recorders.
    (AP, 7/25/97)
1996        Jul 25, In Burundi the military seized power and named former president Pierre Buyoya, a Tutsi, as president. Hutu officials sought refuge in foreign embassies. Burundian Hutus fled to Zaire's South Kivu province, base of the National Council for the Defense of Democracy, an extremist Burundi Hutu movement backed by Zaire.
    (WSJ, 7/26/96, p.A1)(WSJ, 11/15/96, p.A16)
1996        Jul 25, Mexico said it will repay $7 bil of the remaining $10.5 bil borrowed from the US Treasury, partly through a $6 bil issue of securities.
    (WSJ, 7/26/96, p.A1)

1997        Jul 25, US immigration agents rounded up 17 deaf Mexicans in Sanford, North Carolina. This followed the revelation of 50 deaf Mexicans held in servitude in NYC and forced to sell trinkets on the streets. In Dec. Adriana Paoletti Lemus (29), also deaf and one of two alleged ringleaders, pleaded guilty.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A5)
1997        Jul 25, Autumn Jackson, the young woman who claimed to be Bill Cosby's out-of-wedlock daughter, was convicted by a federal jury in New York of trying to extort $40 million from the entertainer.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A1)(AP, 7/25/98)
1997        Jul 25, In San Francisco some 5,000 bikers defied the city-approved route for the Critical Mass bike ride and struck out on their own. Some 250 were arrested for traffic violations. Numerous incidents of confrontations between bikers, police and commuters were reported.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A1)
1997        Jul 25, An FDA drug panel endorsed Rituximab, a drug designed to treat B-cell lymphoma. It was made by Genentech and IDEC Pharmaceuticals.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A1)
1997        Jul 25, In Elk Creek, Virginia, Louis Ceparano and Emmett Cressell Jr. doused Garnett Paul "G.P." Johnson with gasoline, set him on fire and cut off his head. They were both indicted for murder and robbery. Ceparano pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to life in prison in 1998.
    (SFC, 8/14/97, p.A3)(SFC,10/24/97, p.A4)(SFC, 5/30/98, p.A3)
1997        Jul 25, Ben Hogan (b.1912 in Dublin, Tx.), golf legend, died in Fort Worth, Texas, at 84. A 1996 biography by Curt Sampson was titled: "Hogan."
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.B1)(AP, 7/25/98)
1997        Jul 25, In Afghanistan police units of the Pashtun ethnic group raided minority neighborhoods as opposition forces gathered 12 miles outside Kabul.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A14)
1997        Jul 25, In Albania the new Socialist led government was sworn in while a gang battle in Berat left 10 people dead.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A14)
1997        Jul 25, In the Congo soldiers fired into a crowd of protestors in Kinshasa and killed at least 3 people. The protest was against Kabila�s ban on political activity.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A14)
1997        Jul 25, K.R. Narayanan was sworn in as India's president, becoming the first member of the "untouchable" Dalits caste to do so.
    (AP, 7/25/98)
1997        Jul 25, In Ireland Rev. Brendan Smyth (71) was sentenced to 12 years in prison for 74 instances of sexual abuse of 20 young people over 36 years.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A14)
1997        Jul 25, Thousands of German soldiers fought to contain the rain-gorged Oder River.
    (SFC, 7/26/97, p.A12)

1998        Jul 25, Two government officials revealed that Pres. Clinton was subpoenaed by Independent Council Kenneth Starr to testify before a federal grand jury investigating Monica Lewinsky.
    (SFEC, 7/26/98, p.A1)(AP, 7/25/99)
1998        Jul 25, The U.S. Capitol was reopened, a day after a gunman killed two police officers; a wounded suspect, Russell E. Weston Junior, was charged with murder.
    (AP, 7/25/99)
1998        Jul 25, The new nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, USS Harry S. Truman, was commissioned by Pres. Clinton. The 97,000 ton ship cost $4.5 billion.
    (SFEC, 7/26/98, p.A2)
1998        Jul 25, It was reported that the US dropped secret plans to seize Radovan Karadzic and Gen�l. Ratko Mladic in Bosnia.
    (SFEC, 7/26/98, p.A17)
1998        Jul 25, It was reported that 5-7% of the drugs in Brazil were faked medicines mostly from India, China and Pakistan.
    (SFEC, 7/26/98, p.A20)
1998        Jul 25, It was reported that authorities in Split, Croatia, declared a natural disaster following an invasion of mice that devoured the region�s crops.
    (SFC, 7/25/98, p.A8)
1998        Jul 25, In Japan some 60 people at a festival in the Wakayama prefecture were sickened after eating a curried rice dish. Four people died and police suspected that cyanide was mixed in the food.
    (SFC, 7/27/98, p.A10)
1998        Jul 25, The governor of Puerto Rico called for a December referendum on statehood.
    (WSJ, 7/27/98, p.A1)
1998        Jul 25, Serb forces attacked rebel positions in Kosovo to clear major roads.
    (SFC, 7/27/98, p.A8)

1999        Jul 25, The Woodstock �99 music festival in Rome, New York, ended in fires and looting.
    (AP, 7/25/00)
1999        Jul 25, Lance Armstrong rode to victory in the Tour de France.
    (AP, 7/25/00)
1999        Jul 25, The US and Vietnam agreed to normalize relations after 3 years of negotiations. Commercial ties were expected to follow.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A8)
1999        Jul 25, Jack Gargan, a political activist from Florida, was elected chairman of the Reform Party in Dearborn, Mich.
    (USAT, 7/26/99, p.12A)
1999        Jul 25, In the Cincinnati area 7 people were reported dead over the weekend from sweltering heat.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A7)
1999        Jul 25, In Iraq residents of Rumaitha and Khudur took to the streets over food and medicine shortages. 16 soldiers were killed and Saddam Hussein ordered a tank unit to quell the riots after which another 14 people died.
    (SFC, 8/7/99, p.A12)
1999        Jul 25, Morocco held a funeral for King Hassan the Second.
    (AP, 7/25/00)
1999        Jul 25, In Nigeria ethnic fighting over the weekend killed at least 70 people in Kano.
    (WSJ, 7/27/99, p.A1)
1999        Jul 25, In Pakistan tens of thousands protested against Pres. Sharif for the pullback in Kashmir.
    (SFC, 7/26/99, p.A10)
1999        Jul 25, In Venezuela candidates from the Fifth Republic Movement, supported by Pres. Chavez, won over 80% of the 131 constituent assembly seats in preliminary results. Less than half the eligible voters cast ballots.
    (WSJ, 7/26/99, p.A19)

2000        Jul 25, Presidential candidate George W. Bush announced Former Defense Sec. Dick Cheney as his running mate.
    (SFC, 7/25/00, p.A1)
2000        Jul 25, In France a NY bound Concorde jet crashed in Gonesse after takeoff and all 109 people aboard were killed along with 4 people on the ground. Passengers included 96 Germans, 2 Danes and an Austrian. Debris from a blown tire was later believed to have caused an engine fire. A 5th body was found in the rubble of the Hotelissimo. It was the first-ever crash of the supersonic jet. A final probe in 2002 attributed runway junk as the cause of the crash.
    (SFC, 7/26/00, p.A1)(SFC, 7/27/00, p.A12)(SFC, 7/29/00, p.A12)(AP, 7/25/01)(SFC, 1/17/02, p.A8)
2000        Jul 25, The Israeli-Palestinian peace talks ended at Camp David with no success due to the difficulty over the issue of Jerusalem.
    (SFC, 7/26/00, p.A1)
2000        Jul 25, In Jordan a US-made C-130 transport plane crashed and 13 soldiers were killed.
    (SFC, 7/26/00, p.A14)
2000        Jul 25, The Russian Zvezda space module docked with the Int�l. Space Station.
    (SFC, 7/26/00, p.A11)
2000        Jul 25, In Seoul, South Korea, thousands clashed with police in the biggest anti-American protests in 2 years.
    (WSJ, 7/26/00, p.A1)
2000        Jul 25, In Zimbabwe at least 230 white farmers quit working along with some businessmen in Karoi to protest the breakdown in law and order.
    (SFC, 7/26/00, p.A14)

2001        Jul 25, The space shuttle Atlantis landed in Florida.
    (WSJ, 7/26/01, p.A1)
2001        Jul 25, India�s bandit queen, Phoolan Devi, was killed by masked gunmen in New Delhi. She had led a revolt against the abuse of low-class women and won a seat in parliament. Sher Singh Rana later confessed to the killing. 2 accomplices were later arrested.
    (WSJ, 7/26/01, p.A1)(SSFC, 8/5/01, p.A14)
2001        Jul 25, Israeli troops killed Salah Darwazeh, a Hamas militant, with antitank rockets as he drove near Nablus. Informant Ahmed Abu Issah, father of nine, was paid $50 for information on Darwazeh and was later condemned to death by a Palestinian court.
    (WSJ, 7/26/01, p.A1)(SFC, 8/11/01, p.A1)
2001        Jul 25, Kim Jong Il of North Korea rode by rail into Russia for a meeting with Pres. Putin.
    (WSJ, 7/26/01, p.A11)

2002        Jul 25, Encouraged by a tinny tapping sound coming up from the depths, rescuers in Somerset, Pa., brought in a huge drill in a race to save nine coal miners trapped 240 feet underground by a flooded shaft.
    (AP, 7/25/03)
2002        Jul 25, Zacarias Moussaoui declared he was guilty of conspiracy in the Sept. 11 attacks, then dramatically withdrew his plea at his arraignment in Alexandria, Va.
    (AP, 7/25/03)
2002        Jul 25, In Canada Pope John Paul made his first appearance at a Catholic youth festival before as many as 200,000 young faithful eager to welcome the aging Pontiff with prayer and song.
    (Reuters, 7/25/02)
2002        Jul 25, Chinese police have formally arrested Liu Xiaoqing, one of the country's most famous film stars and 2-time winner of the prestigious Hundred Flowers Best Actress award, on suspicion of large-scale tax evasion. Liu was queen of Chinese cinema in the 1980s and is best remembered for playing Qing Dynasty Empress Dowager Cixi in the film "The Reign Behind the Curtain."
    (Reuters, 7/25/02)
2002        Jul 25, Some 5,000 women came from all over Colombia, traveling hours by bus, all with one message: They want an end to 38 years of civil war.
    (AP, 7/25/02)
2002        Jul 25, Israeli police said an Israeli policeman has been arrested on suspicion of selling ammunition to Palestinians, raising to ten the number of suspects detained in the case.
    (AP, 7/25/02)
2002        Jul 25, Torrential monsoon rains and overflowing rivers worsened flooding in eastern India, Nepal and Bangladesh and officials said 270 people have died and more than six million people have been left homeless during the last 5 days.
    (Reuters, 7/26/02)
2002        Jul 25, Hundreds of Nigerian women left ChevronTexaco pumping stations in canoes and on foot following an agreement with company executives.
    (AP, 7/26/02)
2002        Jul 25, Palestinian gunmen shot dead a Jewish rabbi settler in what militants called the first response to an Israeli air strike that killed 15 Palestinians including a top militant.
    (Reuters, 7/25/02)
2002        Jul 25, In Russia Pres. Putin signed into law a bill that allowed the sale of farmland, but not to foreigners.
    (SFC, 7/26/02, p.A17)
2002        Jul 25, The Spanish government welcomed a British proposal to turn its military base in Gibraltar into a NATO facility, a move that would open it to all alliance members including Spain.
    (AP, 7/25/02)
2002        Jul 25, In Vietnam the National Assembly approved a 2nd term for PM Phan Van Khai (68).
    (SFC, 7/26/02, p.A17)

2003        Jul 25, Pres. Bush ordered a naval amphibious force from the Mediterranean to position itself off the coast of Liberia.
    (SFC, 7/26/03, p.A1)
2003        Jul 25, Palestinian PM Mahmoud Abbas met with Pres. George Bush in Washington DC. Abbas thanked Bush for his efforts in pursuit of a peaceful Middle East and for a recent grant of $20 million in direct aid to the Palestinian Authority.
    (AP, 7/26/03)
2003        Jul 25, John Schlesinger (b.1926), film director, died. His films included "Midnight Cowboy" (1969) and "Sunday Bloody Sunday" (1971).
    (SFC, 7/26/03, p.A22)
2003        Jul 25, In northeastern Congo thousands of tribal fighters attacked three villages with mortars, rocket-propelled grenades and assault rifles, killing as many as 150 people.
    (AP, 7/29/03)
2003        Jul 25, In Haiti gunmen ambushed a delegation from the Interior Ministry on a central highway, killing 4 and seriously wounding one.
    (AP, 7/25/03)
2003        Jul 25, An Israeli soldier fired a tank-mounted machine gun at a pickup truck carrying a Palestinian family, killing a 4-year-old Palestinian boy and wounding two other children.
    (AP, 7/25/03)
2003        Jul 25, Japanese lawmakers voted to send military forces to Iraq to help with reconstruction.
    (SFC, 7/26/03, p.A3)
2003        Jul 25, In eastern Pakistan police commandos stormed a jail after five prisoners took nine visiting judges and 50 female detainees hostage, officials said. The raid ended the drama, but left three of the justices dead.
    (AP, 7/25/03)
2003        Jul 25, In Spain 2 top members of the outlawed Basque separatist group ETA were sentenced to 790 years in prison for a 1987 bombing that killed 21 people and injured 45.
    (AP, 7/26/03)

2004        Jul 25, Lance Armstrong (32) became the 1st 6-time winner of the 2,107-mile Tour de France bicycle race.
    (SFC, 7/26/04, p.A1)
2004        Jul 25, Colombia's ELN rebel group kidnapped Misael Vaca Ramirez, the Catholic Bishop of Yopal, but planned to set him free bearing a political message for the government.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 25, American and Iraqi forces clashed with insurgents in a battle that escalated from gunfire to artillery barrages north of Baghdad, killing 13 Iraqi militants.
    (AP, 7/25/04)
2004        Jul 25, Gunmen killed Brig. Khaled Dawoud, a former regional official who worked under Saddam Hussein's government, and his son in a drive-by shooting in Baghdad.
    (AP, 7/25/04)
2004        Jul 25, Tens of thousands of Jewish settlers and their supporters joined hands to form a human chain along a 55-mile route, serving notice they will fight Prime Minister Ariel Sharon's plan to withdraw from the Gaza Strip.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 25, Israeli soldiers in the West Bank shot to death six members of the Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigades in a gunbattle in the town of Tulkarem.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 25, In Kashmir a group of 9 militants barged into the home of Mohammed Shafi in a remote village in Rajouri district and beheaded him. They also killed his 22-year-old son and 15-year-old daughter.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 25, Carmen Gutierrez, a doctor who won Mexico's Woman of the Year award (1997), was found dead in a canal on the outskirts of Mexico City. She was kidnapped Jul 22.
    (AP, 7/29/04)
2004        Jul 25, Pakistan arrested Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani, a Tanzanian al-Qaida suspect, wanted by the United States in the 1998 bombings at U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
    (AP, 7/29/04)
2004        Jul 25, A Spanish newspaper reported that Morocco had warned Spain earlier this month that it lost track of 400 Moroccan Islamist militants who trained in al Qaeda camps in Afghanistan, Bosnia or Chechnya.
    (AP, 7/25/04)
2004        Jul 25, The death toll from monsoon flooding in South Asia reached 944.
    (AP, 7/26/04)
2004        Jul 25, Central African Republic President Francois Bozize wrapped up a two-day visit to Sudan with a pledge to help his Sudanese counterpart Omar al-Beshir resolve the crisis in the western Darfur region.
    (AFP, 7/25/04)

Edited by The Guardian