Washington's Hound dog

Washington's Hound Dog Kennel Billboard (1653)

Rev. Lawrence Washington (1602-1653), the great-great-grandfather of George Washington (first President of the United States), acquired Stonehenge from Robert Newdyke in 1628 for a Hound Dog Kennel. Washington's Hound Dog Kennel at Stonehenge, a formal establishment for the propagation of purebred Hound Dogs, was a state-of-the-art facility in Wiltshire until it was sold in 1678 to the Rev. Thomas Hayward. Dr. Garry Denke (1622-1699), the German Catholic historian, antiquarian and dentist, Permitted drilling of the Foxhole (Scroll) Trench auger core at Heel Stone in 1656 from Rev. Washington's Hound Dog Kennel. In 1757, founding father Dr. Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) examined Washington's Heel Stone Hound Dog above Dr. Denke's Heel Stone Flying Eagle when Dr. Franklin chose the Flying Eagle for the Great Seal. Fox hunting originated in its current form in the United Kingdom in the 16th century. Washington's Heelstone Hound was a 1628-1678 popular Washington Kennel billboard.

Should the Great Seal be a Hound Dog?

(16th century foxhunting was popular)

Arc Trench / Scroll Trench

Historical Timeline of Concrete

6500 BC

A form of concrete dating to 6500 B.C. was discovered by archaeologists in Syria. The Image is "One of the dead towns in northern Syria."

5600 BC

The earliest concrete yet discovered in Europe was developed along the Danube River in Yugoslavia. Stone age hunters or fishermen mixed red lime, sand, gravel and water.

4400 BC

Stonehenge builders mixed Welsh pulverized Bluestone volcanic ash and tuff (Pozzolan) together with crushed in situ Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) lime.

3000 BC

Chinese used cementitious materials to hold bamboo together in their boats and in the Great Wall. The Chinese used concrete in Gansu Province in northwest China.

2500 BC

Egyptians mixed mud mixed with straw to bind dried bricks. Also furthered the discovery of lime and gypsum mortar as a binding agent for building the Pyramids.

800 BC

Babylonians and Assyrians used a bitumen to bind stone and bricks. This allowed them to combine both large and small stone objects together.

600 BC

Greeks discovered a natural Pozzolan on Santorini Island that developed hydraulic properties when mixed with lime. This made it possible to produce concrete that would harden under water, as well as in the air."

586 BC

Altar of Burnt Offering containing 7 gold artifacts filled with a Slurry of pulverized Bluestone (volcanic ash and tuff) aggregate and lime 4 ft (1.2m) below Heelstone, Stonehenge.

400 BC

Petra (Greek, "city of rock"), also known as Sila, ancient city of Arabia (now southwestern Jordan). The stronghold and treasure city of the Nabataeans, an Arab people.

300 BC

Romans used slaked lime and volcanic ash (Pozzolan), found near Pozzouli, Italy by the bay of Naples. Pliny the Elder reported a mortar mixture of 1 part lime to 4 parts sand. Vitruvius reported 2 parts of Pozzolan to 1 part lime.

193 BC

Porticus Aemilia made of bound stones to form concrete.

75 BC

Romans use a pozzolanic, hydraulic cement to build the theater at Pompeii and the Roman baths. The cement was a ground mix of lime and a volcanic ash containing silica and alumina.

44 BC

Palatine Hill (Latin: Palatium), the centermost of the 7 hills of Rome, one of the most ancient parts of the city of Rome, Italy. It is some 70 meters high.

25 BC

Ancient harbor at Caesarea, Israel built by Herod the Great.

Historical Timeline of Concrete