Why Did The Black Death End The Middle Age?

It is a homage to Batman The league of shadows was an orginazation led by Ras al Ghul (the villain in batman begins) In the DC universe the were an organazation who spread plague and pestilliance to keep humanity from being to decadent--

Mosquito--didn't you chastize me for cutting and pasting into the forum. Its ok

Actually the datings of the outbreaks, fall very squarely within certain crusades?

But, can anyone, at any time, explain the places that remained "untouched?"

 The The Bubonic Plague is considered the end of the world. And was considered the Appocolipse to the people of their times.
    The Black Death was a deadly pandemic in human history that was an outbreak of bubonic plague caused by Yersinia pestis, a type of bacteria. It peaked in Europe in 1348 to 1350 and was thought to have started in Central Asia or Mongolia and reaching Crimea by 1346. From there, the bubonic plague was most likely spread by fleas on black rats that invaded merchant ships that went to the Mediterranean and Europe. The flea that spread the bacteria was most likely Xenopsylla cheopis, or the oriental rat flea. There were also three forms of the Black Death; bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and the pneumonic plague.
    The Black Death killed about thirty to sixty percent of Europe's population. This reduced the world's population by about seventy-five to one hundred million people. Before the Black Death, the world population was four hundred fifty million and by 1400, the world population was between three hundred seventy five and three hundred fifty million people. It took one hundred and fifty years for Europe to regain their population loss. However, the Black Death was thought to have returned about every generation with different mortality rates and harmfulness until about the eighteenth century. During this period, one hundred or more plague outbreaks happened in Europe. After the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720 to 1722, the Great Plague of 1738 in Eastern Europe, and the Russian Plague of 1770 to 1772, the plague seemed to have slowly leave Europe. By the early nineteenth century, the threat of the plague died, but was replaced by Asiatic cholera. This was the first of several cholera pandemics to invade Europe and Asia during the nineteenth and twentieth century.
    The Black Death also created religious, social, and economic disruptions. These disruptions had great effects on the course of Europe's history. Since the plague killed a lot of poor people, the wealthy land owners were forced to pay the remaining workers what they asked. There was now a lot of consumer goods, or things that people use daily, which meant luxury crops could be grown. This supposedly made life better. This was the start of the middle class in Europe and England. Also, the Christian Church was seriously affected, resulting in widespread harassment of minorities, such as Jews, beggars, and foreigners. To add, since daily survival was uncertain, there was a constant morbid mood, motivating people to "live for the moment".
    The Black Death was not called the Black Death when it was actually happening, like many other major events in history. People living in the fourteenth century usually referred to the plague as either the "Great Pestilence" or the "Great Plague". Writers who experienced the plague referred to it as the "Great Mortality". However, Swedish and Danish records of the sixteenth century described the plague to the word "black", which was the first time it was described that way. However, they did not necessarily use the word black to describe the black bumps in a victim's skin in the late-stage of the plague, but to describe the gloom and melancholy of the period. The plague was actually named the "Black Death" by German physician and medical writer Justus Hecker. He described the catastrophe in 1832 using the Latin phrase atra mors in his publication "Der schwarze Tod im vierzehnten Jahrhundert". Atra mors literally means "black death" or "death of a black". A year later, in 1833, the publication got translated into English, and "The Black Death in the 14th century" gained a lot of attention because of the cholera epicdemic at that time.
    The Black Death was generally thought to have been caused by Yersinia pestis, which was enzootic, or commonly present, in Xenopsylla cheopis, or the oriental rat flea, in ground rodents, or to be more specific, Marmota bobak, in Central Asia. Scholars today argue that the Black Death was caused by multiple pathogens. However, nobody was quite sure where the fourteenth century pandemic started, but there are many theories. A popular theory is that the first cases probably showed up in the steppes, or grasslands, of Russia. However, some people thought it started in central India. Other people, like historian Michael W. Dols, says that historical evidence involving epidemics in the Mediterranean, like the Plague of Justinian, which points to the likelihood that the Black Death originated in Africa and spread to central Asia. In central Asia, it became established among the rodent population. There were many theories about the origin of the Black Death.
    Nonetheless, from central Asia, it got spread along the Silk Road by Mongol armies and traders, who made use of the free passage inside the Mongol Empire, which was offered by the Pax Mongolica, which was the time of Mongol peace. It was first introduced to Europe in 1347, in Caffa, a trading city and a colony established by Genoa, in Crimea. It got spread to Caffa when the Mongol army that was lead under Jani Beg, a khan or military leader, were suffering with the plague, so they would through the corpses that were infected with the plague over the city walls to get the residents infected. The Genoese traders fled by taking a ship to Sicily and southern Europe. However, they took the plague with them, and from south Europe, it continued spreading. It usually followed trade routes and it passed through France, Italy, Germany, Poland, Denmark, Finland, England, and Sweden.
    Basically everybody got the plague, except children were less effected, oddly enough. Royals did not get it either, because of their isolation from people. The upper nobility of state and Church was not very effected, they were only hit lightly, since they were not in contact of people that often. However, the lower nobility of state and church was hit hard, since they were often in contact of people. The peasants and the priests got affected the most since they were the group that was mostly in close-contact. So to conclude, the more contact, the more death.
    Most narratives today about the symptoms of the Black Death are usually different from each other or inaccurate. The three types of plague, bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic had similar symptoms but not the same, since the different plagues attacked different parts of the body. The bubonic plague attacks the lymphatic system, the septicemic plague attacks the blood, and the pneumonic plague attacks the lungs. The constant symptoms were acute fever, the vomiting of blood, joint and body pain, and death. Victims usually die within two weeks. A major symptom in the bubonic plague are the huge black buboes. Buboes are like bumps that can be the size of a golf ball to the size of an orange. They happen when the lymph nodes swell, and they are usually present in the armpits, groin, and neck, where there are the most lymph nodes. Lymph nodes are organs that filter blood. When the buboes open, they bleed and pus oozes out. They kept on expanding until they burst, which made a victim die. This took about three to five days. The mortality rate was from thirty to seventy five percent. A major symptom in pneumonic plague is the coughing. Since the bacterium attacks the lungs, the victims cough until they cough blood and even dead lung tissue. The victim would most likely die within one to seven days after the symptoms appear. The mortality rate for the pneumonic plague was ninety to ninety five percent. The major symptom in the septicemic plague was the organ failure. Since the bacterium affected the blood, the blood spreads around to all the organs, so it causes organ failure. The victim usually died the day the symptoms appeared, and the mortality rate was almost one hundred percent. This is reasonable because there even is no treatment for the septicemic plague today.
    The three forms of the Black Death, the bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plagues got transmitted in two ways. The septicemic and the bubonic plagues got transmitted when an infected flea bit a human. The pneumonic plague got transmitted when people inhaled the droplets of saliva in the air coughed up from the victims of the bubonic and septicemic plagues.
    A factor that made the Black Death worse was the Hundred Years' War, since the soldiers carried the plague, causing it to spread. This made more people get it and it lowered the population. Also, marauding armies destroyed crops. This made the infected have less food then they already had, which was not a lot, so they usually died. Another factor that made the Black Death worse was the famine that happened in 1315. The people were already weakened by hunger and malnutrition even before the plague started, which made the chances of surviving lower. These were the factors that made the Black Death worse
    The Black Death effected many things. Some things that the Black Death affected was the economy, the church, and European civilization itself. The economy was affected greatly. The artisan skills ceased to exist when a lot of the working class died. This made the people that were alive with skills more valuable than wealthy people. Also, the society structure changed. The poor people now got to have their voice heard, which meant peasants and craftspeople could demand higher wages. Serfs began to leave land and not plant crops. This caused abandoned crops and wandering animals to die of starvation. Farming neighborhoods became rare and the lack of law enforcement authorities caused chaos. Also, people called "Bechini" began to trespass households and rape and murder people. This is how the Black Death affected the economy.
    The Catholic Church was one of the groups that suffered the most. They lost status, leadership over people, and spiritual authority. They lost all this because they promised cures, treatment, and explanations for the plague. They claimed that it was God's will, but for unknown reasons. The Christian followers abandoned their duties and left because the bishops and priests were not telling them anything about the plague so they prayed to God for forgiveness. After the plague, people became angry and began to revolt against the Church. The survivors were also mad at the doctors, because they promised that they would find the cure, which they did not. This was how the Black Death affected the Church.
    European civilization was affected by the Black Death because many people died. Thirty to sixty percent of the population died. This was from twenty five million to two hundred million people.
    The Black Death impacted feudalism, causing it to fall. Feudalism fell because of all the people who died, since if there was no labor, there was no value to land. The transition from feudalism to capitalism, the super-system we have today, happened when a lot of the workers that worked on the manor died. Since the manor lord had little to none workers(because of the Black Death), the lord could not get any food, so he would try to get workers from another manor by bribing them. Other lords wanted the workers, so they would try to bribe them also. The peasants became like an auction. If the peasants did not want to farm anymore, they would just go to the city to get an apprenticeship. Since the workers were freed from the land-labor economy, it empowered them so they could demand pay in return for work.
    Most historians are unsure of what happened after the Black Death, but there are some theories. One theory is that the bacteria just ran out of victims. Considering that a lot of people were affected, there was declining populations, which means that there are less people. Another theory was that the climate change affected the flea population. There was a period in time during the feudal period called the Little Ice Age. It was about two hundred to three hundred years long. The winters were longer and colder while the summers were cooler and shorter. Since the oriental rat flea can't live in very cold conditions, the population decreased, causing less people to die. One theory that the Black Death ended was because the black rat got replaced by the Norway rat. The fleas did not like to bite the Norway rats, which caused less infected warm-blooded mammals, which caused less human beings to be infected. Another theory was the cordon sanitaire. The cordon sanitaire happened when people realized that they had to stay away from infected people to not get infected as well. They would put red crosses of the doors of people who were infected and sometimes wall up whole neighborhoods. The Austro - Hungarian Empire did something similar to the cordon sanitaire. They made a six hundred mile wall separating themselves from the Ottoman Empire so then the plague would not spread in their empire. They would have border inspections and quarantine the people who wanted to pass for forty five days to make sure they were not infected. If they were not infected, then they would let them pass. These were the many theories of how the Black Death may have ended. The black plague was one of the deadliest pandemics recorded in history it took place in Europe between 1348 and 1350. It was probably carried by the fleas on black rats so merchants came down with it first. The black plague caused large black swellings on the body. It killed 40-80% of Europe’s population. Some people believed that man kind did something wrong so it was “Gods Wrath” upon Europe. After the Black Plague went away it took Europe around 140-160 years to recover from this pandemic. But that was the major out break. There were several other out breaks but they were not is bad is the very first one. I think the first one the worst because it was something totally new and people haven’t developed the immune system yet so it was the worst outbreak. Also it was named the Black Plague because when large bumps occured on the body it was black. And it killed the average peasant in 2-7 days.Some scientists think the Black Plague may of started in Mongolia, or Central Asia.
    Symptoms of the Black Plague was a fever, throwing up, large amounts of coughing and sneezing and large swellings. The most common symptom buboes near or on the groin, neck and armpits. Which oozed blood and pus when irritated (scratched, rubbed etc.). These symptoms were followed by a spike in fever and vomiting of blood. Also Louis Heyligen reported in some cases it affected your cardio respitory system. David Herlihy also reported another sign of the plague. Freckle like spots and rashes.
    Migration was the top factor to the overall number of deaths from the Black Plague. The Black Plague was generally spread through Yersinia pestis. Yersinia pestis was carried on fleas which were carried on rats. The reason why the plague migrated so quickly was because of rats. The fleas bit the rats then the rats had the plague then rats bite the humans then the humans have the plague The rats would get onto merchant boats which would transport the rats. Also the rats probably took bites out of the food. Then when people ate the food they got the plague. Then the people who got the plague then touched other people then the people they touched got the plague. At the time people believed that the dogs and cats gave you the plague so they killed all the cats and dogs. Also get the plague from where people have the plague have been. So when someone in a house died from the plague a red X would be put on there door to warn other peasents.
    The black plague hit China, India and Islam. And then rumors spread quickly towards Europe with appolitic senses. The Mongolians would go through wiped out villages and salvage their items. That helped it spread quicker through trading. Also during wars the Mongolians would fling the bodies killed by the plague into the enemies territory killing them off from the plague its self. Bacterial Warfare. Joan, King Edwards daughter was sent to marry a Spanish Prince. That with 100 peasents in the same boat not including herself making this a good way for the plague to spread from England to Spain.
 Italy was subject to cargo ships from the Black Sea carrying dead bodies and the Italians with curiosity went onto the ships and the fleas carrying Yersinia pestis, literally jumped of its dead to find new hosts.
 Finding no way to flee from this disease they turned to God. But God did not help them. Some people turned into being extremists and lashed their back as payment to God.

Several things in this say about the spread.

The Black Death did not cause the crisis, for evidence of the changes can be seen well before 1347. But the plague exacerbated problems and added new ones, and the tone of crisis is graver in the second half than in the first half of the century.

This approach is brilliant.Never have heart that behind social system change,stood something else than improving of production tools process.Interesting Nick!That was on west but east had kept feudalism till beginning of 20th century!Did they more resistance on black death than?