Well ... here we've got Newfoundland folk music, mainly ballads, jigs, sea shanties etc. Instruments can be used, but the only instruments that are really crucial are the vocal chords. It's similar to certain forms of folk music found in the US and British Isles.
Example:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHep5WgtQW0&feature=related
We also have French Canadian folk, which is different:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMc-6MVEHF8
There's also a wide variety of Native American traditional music, usually featuring singing, rattles, and drums. Plus Inuit, who have (among other things) "throat singing" which is also known in Siberia:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suDvmaGdPn0
Most traditional music we have is a variation on something you can find somewhere else; theres nothing we have that's truly unique to Canada alone, except in the sense that a different spin gets put on some things here. Purely by coincidence, the French, Newfoundland, and Inuit traditional musics are all very vocal with instruments playing a lesser role or no role at all.