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Origin Of The Hyksos

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  Quote AksumVanguard Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Origin Of The Hyksos
    Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 10:49
Were they from the Mesopotamia or Aegean as some of these indecisive references claim?
And why do people say they  took over the  Egyptian Kingdom when they only ruled  over Lower Egypt?
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  Quote Vorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 13:24
I always thought they were Libyans
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  Quote gcle2003 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 13:24
No idea on the first count, but on the second the lower kingdom was a separate kingdom anyway. When they were joined they were known as the 'two kingdoms' and the pharaoh has dual sovereignty symbols.
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  Quote AksumVanguard Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 16:18
Originally posted by gcle2003

No idea on the first count, but on the second the lower kingdom was a separate kingdom anyway. When they were joined they were known as the 'two kingdoms' and the pharaoh has dual sovereignty symbols.


The pharaoh always employed  the royal officals to worship  his Gods . Citizens in different cities may have been allowed to worship different gods but they always had to reconize the Pharoahs God as being Prime Diety.Through the dynastic periods the Main god would be Atum Ra most of the time . Others have adopted other gods from the pantheon through the ages.

From the Hieroglyphs they appear to be lighter with semitic or Indo European orgin.


Its possible they Libyans I know the Psmatik kings were of Libyan of orgin,but if they were Libyan the Egyptians  would of subdued the neighboring  upsurption after they ousted them out.

The text say the Hyksos came from  pastoral background. So i'm assuming  Semitic.

But from where exactly.They must've a known them because when they intailly encountered them they were wasn't any discrepancy,and if they were from Libya what kingdom existed there prior to the event.
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  Quote Vorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 16:52
Bear in mind that Northern Africa was much more fertile in antiquity than it is now. The Yksos could just be pastoral nomads of the African coast. Ancestors of berbers perhaps. Though coming from Middle East is also possible.
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  Quote AksumVanguard Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 18:03
Originally posted by Vorian

Bear in mind that Northern Africa was much more fertile in antiquity than it is now. The Yksos could just be pastoral nomads of the African coast. Ancestors of berbers perhaps. Though coming from Middle East is also possible.


The only Fertile Lands that are dry today are the Tigris and Euphrates, it would of been near impossible for the Libyans to actually build a settlement there. Thats why Egypt became  very appealing to foreigners,I am not aware of Libya being more fertile in ancient times. Do you know of any ancient Libyan cities?


Edited by AksumVanguard - 07-Feb-2009 at 18:04
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  Quote Vorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 18:13
I am certain about the areas of Algeria, Moroco etc, not sure about Libya but I guess it was fertile. Why would Greek colonisi Cyrenaica if it was desert?
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  Quote Penelope Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 07-Feb-2009 at 23:45
The hykso rulers were titled "pharaoh of lower egypt". The hykso Pharaoh Apophis, whom reigned for more than 40 years, was the greatest of these pharaohs.
The direct use of force is such a poor solution to any problem, it is generally employed only by small children and large nations.
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  Quote AksumVanguard Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Feb-2009 at 04:07
Originally posted by Penelope

The hykso rulers were titled "pharaoh of lower egypt". The hykso Pharaoh Apophis, whom reigned for more than 40 years, was the greatest of these pharaohs.

Right how were they exactly able to administer power over Lower Egypt and not take it over all Egypt as a whole? I know this might be due to friction between the priesthood of Memphis and Thebes. Its a wonder why other empires such as the Hittites didn't take advantage of this situation.


Edited by AksumVanguard - 08-Feb-2009 at 04:08
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  Quote Penelope Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Feb-2009 at 02:57

The Hittites had begun to overextend themselves, they couldnt have invaded.

The direct use of force is such a poor solution to any problem, it is generally employed only by small children and large nations.
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  Quote beorna Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Feb-2009 at 08:05
All we know about them before they ruled Lower Egypt is their name. Heka hesut, what mean the chiefs of the strangers. So it is not the name for the invading populations but for their leaders. They came from the North, what we can translate as from the later Asia Minor or Mesopotamia. We shouldn't expect the Hyksos as an homogene population. Probably they were a conglomerate of indo-european, semitic, caucasian or other ethnical groups.
We can't say more about it.
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  Quote gcle2003 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Feb-2009 at 13:25
Originally posted by AksumVanguard

Originally posted by Penelope

The hykso rulers were titled "pharaoh of lower egypt". The hykso Pharaoh Apophis, whom reigned for more than 40 years, was the greatest of these pharaohs.

Right how were they exactly able to administer power over Lower Egypt and not take it over all Egypt as a whole? 
Presumably because it was easier to invade and conquer Lower, rather than Upper Egypt. Which I suppose is pretty good evidence they didn't come from the south.
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  Quote Sarmat Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Feb-2009 at 13:45

Please correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't Hyksos brought wheel and chariot technology in Egypt?

If that was so, they most logically came from Asia, since the above mentioned technology innovations first appeared in Sumer.

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  Quote AksumVanguard Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Feb-2009 at 14:57
Originally posted by Sarmat

Please correct me if I'm wrong, but didn't Hyksos brought wheel and chariot technology in Egypt?

If that was so, they most logically came from Asia, since the above mentioned technology innovations first appeared in Sumer.



The spoked wheel was always in use in Egypt,it just wasn't viable in all terrains much likely reason it didn't work well on sand.  However the WAR chariot technology in Mesopotamia gave the Egyptians a new idea on what to do with the wheel and traveling carraige But the wheel as with the Sailing ship was invented in Egypt.

The Hyksos were probably the Midanites ,Edomites,or Amalikites since they dwelled in aregion bordering Egypt. The Hyksos had a relationship established when they entered Egypt and had a relationship with them for least 3 dynastic periods. They were portrayed as herdering bedoins and this is not to much a Indo European custom.


Edited by AksumVanguard - 09-Feb-2009 at 14:58
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  Quote ITAPEVI56 Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Feb-2009 at 23:03
OK
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  Quote edgewaters Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-Feb-2009 at 00:43
Originally posted by AksumVanguard

But the wheel as with the Sailing ship was invented in Egypt.

Actually the wheel was developed in Sumeria. 

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  Quote AksumVanguard Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-Feb-2009 at 01:55
Originally posted by edgewaters

Originally posted by AksumVanguard

But the wheel as with the Sailing ship was invented in Egypt.

Actually the wheel was developed in Sumeria. 


archeologist say it was invented in 8000 years but it shows up Sumerian tablets and so it is concluded that the Sumerians invented the wheel some 5 millenia ago.
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  Quote edgewaters Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-Feb-2009 at 10:17
Originally posted by AksumVanguard

Originally posted by edgewaters

Originally posted by AksumVanguard

But the wheel as with the Sailing ship was invented in Egypt.

Actually the wheel was developed in Sumeria. 


archeologist say it was invented in 8000 years but it shows up Sumerian tablets and so it is concluded that the Sumerians invented the wheel some 5 millenia ago.


It's not based on depictions of the wheel. It's based on the fact that those who had the wheel put it to a variety of uses, some of which are easily detectable in the archaeological record - for instance, the use of wheels by potters. 
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  Quote AksumVanguard Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 10-Feb-2009 at 17:05
Originally posted by edgewaters

Originally posted by AksumVanguard

Originally posted by edgewaters

Originally posted by AksumVanguard

But the wheel as with the Sailing ship was invented in Egypt.

Actually the wheel was developed in Sumeria. 


archeologist say it was invented in 8000 years but it shows up Sumerian tablets and so it is concluded that the Sumerians invented the wheel some 5 millenia ago.


It's not based on depictions of the wheel. It's based on the fact that those who had the wheel put it to a variety of uses, some of which are easily detectable in the archaeological record - for instance, the use of wheels by potters. 

Well at least the invented the water wheel lol. Like I said even after it became in use the it could not be used as much as it was Mesopotamia because wheels  were sluggish on the arid terrain. The Egyptians used the Nile and canals that ran across the Nile for transportation
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  Quote Jallaludin Akbar Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 11-Feb-2009 at 22:17
Originally posted by AksumVanguard

 
Well at least the invented the water wheel lol. Like I said even after it became in use the it could not be used as much as it was Mesopotamia because wheels  were sluggish on the arid terrain. The Egyptians used the Nile and canals that ran across the Nile for transportation

Yes well 5,000+ years ago Mesopotamia was not thought to be arid terrain..in fact it was a lush grassland that was ideal for the developement of early human civilization. In regards to the wheel..I beleive the first practical uses of it where in pottery.
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