Who really ruled the Golden Horde?

Originally posted by opuslola Who really ruled the Golden Horde? A Russian Tsar! Per Fomenko, et,al! Ron

The Golden Horde was ruled by Jochi, son of Genghis Khan and Borte. He certainly wasn't a Russian Tzar. While the Golden Horde raided in to Western Europe, the White Horde raided to the East, northern China etc.
The Golden Horde, although a Mongol Federation, was joined by the Kipchak/Cuman forces.

Originally posted by calvo The Golden Horde was the longest survivor among the offsprings of the Mongol Empire, and included the area conquered by the Mongol hordes populated by Russians, Kipchaks, Pechnegs, Bulgars, and other nationalities.   Despite Russian sources referred to the Golden Horde ruler collectively as "Tatars". The identity of these "Tatars" clearly transformed from Mongol to Kipchak Turkic over the time of occupation. Would it be sensible to say then, that it was effectively the Kipchaks who ruled the Golden Horde?   This assumption wouldn't make much sense either, because the Kipchaks, like the Russians, were just another conquered people; and there was no reason why the Mongols would be more sympathetic towards them despite the common steppe origin they shared.   So how did this Mongol-to-Kipchak identity transformation take place?

The Kipchak Federation, comprised of Kipchaks and Cumans, hired out as mercenaries for various East European states and fought against the Mongol invaders. But later on, as the Mongol Empire expanded westward under the so-called "Golden Horde" the Kipchaks joined the Mongols. The Mongols, ever since Genghis Khan, had permitted people that they would otherwise have conquered to join them in their expansion. This is how the Mongols became so powerful. Similarly, many European Kingdoms surrendered to Genghis Khan without a battle. They were often "taxed" a number of fighting men who joined the Horde. There is no doubt that, over time, there would have been a certain amount of "admixture".

Well, hopefully we can all agree that the invasion by King Timur, though it didnt destroy the Golden Horde, took the heart out of it. He had crushed Tokhtamysh, annihilated the army, and burned the capital to the ground. The trading centers that were looted by Timur, never recovered, which indeed was a huge loss of income.

Source?

Originally posted by aeon Originally posted by Sarmat12 The famous Russian prince Alexander Nevsky became Batu's "named son" and the "blood brother" of his son Sartak. Sartak also converted to the Russian Orthodox Christianity, according to some sources.   OK, I see you do take your nonsense from Gumilev...

Originally posted by Sarmat12 This "info" has always been the view of the Russian traditional historiography of the problem.

Originally posted by Sarmat12 The famous Russian prince Alexander Nevsky became Batu's "named son" and the "blood brother" of his son Sartak. Sartak also converted to the Russian Orthodox Christianity, according to some sources.

I think in this article they meant "Kipchak Khanate" in a sense the "Khanate which ruled over Kypchaks" likewise they used another very strange term there "Khanate of China" for Yuan dynasty. But I agree this kind of term "Bloodline of Kipchak Khans" is not very accurate. The article in Wiki is simply written by some lay non-professional people.

Edited by Sarmat12 - 23-Jul-2008 at 06:38

Chuvash is part of the "Oghur" branch of Turkic which also included Khazar, Hunnic, Bulgar.

It depends. But generally speaking Chuvashs are closer to Russians because of the religion.