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100 Interesting facts about the Hellenistic World

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  Quote Aster Thrax Eupator Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: 100 Interesting facts about the Hellenistic World
    Posted: 01-Dec-2007 at 18:42

That I appreciate, but that still doesn't change the fact that the key defining point of the Hellenistic era is the spread of world Hellenism - for this purpose, the Hellenistic period can only really be said to have begun when this begins to be fulfilled. In that respect, all of our three dates concide except for Choerona, because for decades afterwards, Greek culture was still only confined to the Medditeranian basin and not beyond. Although, Dexippus, your point does lie very much on the crossover point between this idea behind Hellenism. To disagree with it would be pedantic, because it was only a few decades later that the key principle of Hellenism began to be fulfilled. I think that all of our three dates are defensive and have a great deal of points behind them, but I might consider re-evalutating mine because of the many other successor wars that occured before the battle of Ipsus. Also, I've always wanted to write a book...



Edited by Aster Thrax Eupator - 01-Dec-2007 at 18:43
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  Quote dexippus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 01-Dec-2007 at 22:53

It is unclear to me that there is a single "key defining point" of the Hellenistic world. I do believe you are correct that the spread of Greek culture and language is a major "theme" of the period--but it is not the only trend.

For me, several trends "define" the distinct period we refer to as the Hellenistic era, to include:
 
1) The displacement of a political and diplomatic system revolving around powerful city states (primarily Athens, Sparta and Thebes) by a system dominated by larger entities : the three large empires, a number of smaller kingdoms and the two major Federal Leagues. This trend starts with Phillip II crushing victory over the allied poleis at Chaironeia.
 
2) The intorduction of Hellenistic culture, to the Iranain plateau and beyond, coupled with the thorough Hellenization of regions that had long had contact with the Greek speaking world, such as Anatolia and Syria. This is defined by both the spread of Greek institutions like the polis, athletic competitions, temples and gymnasia but also by the spread of "koine" Greek throughout the Eastern Mediterranean.
 
3) Engagement with the twin powers of the Western Mediterranean, Rome and Carthage, and the Greek reaction to the surprising advent of Roman domination.
 
4) Important intellectual developments, often prompted by the wider horizons created by the Alexandrian conquests. The birth and expansion of the philosophic schools of Stoicism, Epicurianism and Cynicism, and the flourishing of the Peripatetic school.
 
5) The dramatic state-sponsored scholarship, with its locus at Alexandria, but with plenty of scholars operating elsewhere (Athens, Rhodes and Pergamon in particular), which both preserves the achievements of the classical past, and in the process invents the genre of literary criticism and textual analysis. Coupled with this, the impressive art and monumental architecture funded by large state entities that could afford to funnel far more funds into public works than all but the richest of poleis. 


Edited by dexippus - 01-Dec-2007 at 22:58
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  Quote dexippus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 01-Dec-2007 at 23:51
37. Athens failed to support Aigis III of Sparta in his abortive revolt of 330, but with the death of Alexander, the Athenians, prompted by the great orator Demosthenes, now rose in rebellion, in what was dubbed the Lamian War. The Athenians ran into trouble, as despite having a free male citizen population of 50,000, classical Athens could only field roughly 5000 hoplites, men wealthy enough to arm and equip themselves. To open recruitment to the poorer classes, Athens began to issue out equipment for the first time, and minted chits featuring pictures of swords, spears and armor as a form a receipt. The Athenians managed to give Antipater a rough time, beseiging him in the town of Lamia, from which the war takes its name. However, the tide turned when the Macedonian lieutenant Craterus returned from the east with approximately 10,000 veterans, to crush the revolt and end the war. The result was a Macedonian garrison in the Pireaus, one of the "fetters of Greece."

Edited by dexippus - 01-Dec-2007 at 23:59
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  Quote Sun Tzu Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Dec-2007 at 13:08

weren't there steam powered engines in the Hellenistic age?

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  Quote Aster Thrax Eupator Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Dec-2007 at 14:00
There was an experimental engine, which was merely a globe on an axis with two exit points. It was filled with steam from an adjacent boiler and when it was full, it would spin on the axis. It hardly qualifies as a useful engine, though.
 
Moreover, to everyone here, I know what the fetters of Greece were, but where exactly were they?
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  Quote dexippus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Dec-2007 at 14:22
38: The "fetters of Greece" varied depending on who one talked to, but traditionally they were the Arco-Corinth, Chalcis, Demetrias and the Pireaus--with the Pireaus not always making the list. The garrison at the Pireaus, Athens' primary port, was already evacuated by Macedonia when Rome ordered Phillip V to remove his garrisons from the remaining fetters at the conclusion of the 2nd Macedonian war. The garrison on the Arco-Corinth controlled the entire Isthmus and the entry into the Pelopennese, the garrison at Demetrias dominated central Greece, while the one at Chalcis policed Boeotia and Euboea.

Edited by dexippus - 03-Dec-2007 at 18:07
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  Quote Aster Thrax Eupator Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Dec-2007 at 17:42
...What of Argos? That was given to Nabis of Sparta by Philip V near the conclusion of the war, but I suppose that it can't have been considered a fetter of Greece because the Macedonian threat from Philip V had dwindled away quite sharply at that point.
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  Quote dexippus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 06-Dec-2007 at 19:12
39. With the defeat of Athens in the Lamian war, the Athenian democracy was destroyed, and initially replaced by a pro-Macedonian oligarchy. After a bout of stasis between the supporters of Cassander and Polyphercon in which Cassander was ascendant, Cassander appointed a tyrant over Athens in the form of the philosopher Demetrius of Phaleron, a student of Aristotle and Theophrastis, and an accomplished peripatetic philosopher in his own right. Demetrius was controversial in Athens for his imperious airs, his stern sumptuary legislation, and rumors of voluptuary habits in his private life. He was also pivitol in displacing private euergtism with state-sponsorship, most notably by terminating the private liturgies that had funded the famous dramatic festivals, and instead funding them with public monies.
 
In 307, another Demetrius, Poliorcetes, liberated Athens, and Demetrius of Phaleron was forced to flee to Alexandria. There he was instrumental in establishing the museion in Alexandria, from which the Library of Alexandria would develop. Demetrius of Phaleron fell out of favor with Ptolemy II, however, and died in exile.


Edited by dexippus - 07-Dec-2007 at 17:34
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  Quote Vorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 06-Dec-2007 at 20:20
40.  Two of the seven wonders of the ancient world were built during this period.

The Colossus of Rhodes and the Lighthouse (Pharos) of Alexandria
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  Quote dexippus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Dec-2007 at 16:23
41.  The Collosus of Rhodes was a statue to the sun god Helios, who was paid special cult on Rhodes. It was built to celebrate the breaking of Demetrius Poliorcetes' failed seige, and was funded in part by the sale of his abandoned seige machines.  
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  Quote dexippus Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Dec-2007 at 16:40
42. Seleucus, in creating a vast empire for himself, relied heavily on the military services of his talented adult son, Antiochus. However, when father Seleucus married young daughter of Demetrius Poliorcetes, Stratonike, son Antiochus promptly fell in love with his comely new stepmother. Seleucus, however, used this infatuation to cement his plans for dynastic succession, as he divorced Stratonike and married her to his son. This unorthodox marriage seems to have been motivated by real romantic feelings on the part of Antiochus and calm political calculation on the part of Seleucus. Its outcome highlights the bonds of trust and affection that made father and son such as successful empire-building team. 
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  Quote Guests Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Dec-2007 at 17:36
42.In S Asia, the Greeks ruled an area approximatly equal to Pakistan. They were sworn enemies of the people across the Sutluj and often went to war. Not much has changed.
 
43. A lot of the Mauryan empire was Greek influenced. Ashoka for example was fluent in Greek and furthermore made many public announcements in it. It was the presence of these announcments of his pillars that allowed for the deciphering of the anicent language used by the Mauryans. Morever, Ashoka's mother was Greek.
 
44. The place where Alexander's horse died, is now the home of the Pakistani 6th Armoured Division which has him as its formation sign.
 
45. The Greeks in Pakistan made their capital at Taxila and the surrounding areas. Until the Mongols destroyed the area and it irrigation system in the 13th century it was the richest area in S Asia. In 1960 the Pakistan government selected this place to be Pakistan's new capital, and several old canals from that time were reused for the water supply. So in one very small way the Hellenistic world is still alive in Pakistan.
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  Quote Vorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Dec-2007 at 22:40
Sparten do you know any site about the Indo-Greek kingdom?

I recently discovered that the eastern end of the Seleucid empire had a much more interesting story than the rebelion of natives and separation from the empire I imagined.
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  Quote Aster Thrax Eupator Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 08-Dec-2007 at 22:42
45. The Greeks in Pakistan made their capital at Taxila and the surrounding areas. Until the Mongols destroyed the area and it irrigation system in the 13th century it was the richest area in S Asia. In 1960 the Pakistan government selected this place to be Pakistan's new capital, and several old canals from that time were reused for the water supply. So in one very small way the Hellenistic world is still alive in Pakistan.
 
Did Pakistan have any of it's own Diadochs (who were merely limited within modern-day Pakistan and perhaps a little bit outside?
 
Also, can someone please make a list of all the Diadochi states? 'Cause I'd like to study them in greater detail, but I would like a list if anyone could give me one.
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  Quote Justinian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Dec-2007 at 02:20
Some fascinating stuff guys.
 
Aster - how detailed of a list would you want?  I mean how do you define Diodoch?  Just the major ones or all those that succeeded in the remnants of alexanders empire?  Are you including Pontus or Armenia?
 
Edit:  Not to say I have a list sitting just waiting to be used, but I think I could come up with one thats fairly inclusive.


Edited by Justinian - 09-Dec-2007 at 02:21
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  Quote Aster Thrax Eupator Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Dec-2007 at 02:57

For Diadochi, I would define:

A - a dynasty that was initially founded by one of Alexander's associates, this includes states like the Attalids of Pergamum, as their founder was himself a decendent of one of these family lines.
B - one which had a large enough Greek/Macedonian population and/or influence in the ruling caste
C - one which developed from the Hellenistic culture above the local culture and stuck to it rigidly (even the Ptolemies adhere to this rule...)

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  Quote Guests Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Dec-2007 at 07:35
Selecus ruled this area. He lost it to the Mauryans, it was regained by the Greeks a few generations later. The penetrated all the way to the Bengal at one point.
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  Quote Vorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Dec-2007 at 13:07


Checked wiki for a quick review of it. King Menander seems like an interesting personality
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  Quote Aster Thrax Eupator Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Dec-2007 at 13:15
So there is only one Diadoch in this area of the world?
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  Quote Vorian Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 09-Dec-2007 at 14:13
You could add the Bactrian kingdom as well. So two Diadochoi
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