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Austro-Ottoman Wars

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  Quote andrew Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Topic: Austro-Ottoman Wars
    Posted: 25-Aug-2007 at 17:04
There have been many wars between the Ottomans and Austrians in particular over the Balkans. They sought to control the area however you don't find as much information on the Austro-Ottoman Wars like you do with Russo-Ottoman wars. I'm looking for some sources on them. I also heard a lot of comments on the Ottoman style of warfare by Austrians. So it does seem that there were quite a bit of land battles between the two.
 
Also, were their any naval engagements between them?
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  Quote Jagatai Khan Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 27-Aug-2007 at 06:08
Did you look at Wikipedia?It may be helpful:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman-Habsburg_wars
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  Quote Byzantine Emperor Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 27-Aug-2007 at 23:49
There is a new book out on Ottoman warfare that might provide information on the things in which you are interested.  I have not yet been able to buy it or see the table of contents but I know it covers the time period:
 
Virginia Aksan. Ottoman Wars, 1700-1800: An Empire Besieged. Modern Wars in Perspective. Harlow, UK: Longman, 2007.
 
The standard work on the early modern Ottoman army in English is:
 
Rhoads Murphey. Ottoman Warfare 1500-1700. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999.
 
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  Quote Kapikulu Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Sep-2007 at 04:12
The Austro-Ottoman wars date back to 16th century, when Habsburg monarchy got into rise and Ottomans expanded towards Hungary.

Its end can be marked as 1791, final peace treaty between two powers,Treaty of Zishtovi. Austria by then got busy against France at first, and then after Napoleonic Wars, concentrated its policy on German principalities and then there was the confrontation in Balkans slowly beginning between Austria and Russia.

Severe fighting took place over Hungary, ended with establishment of Ottoman control at the time.

However, Ferdinand, the brother of Charles V and Archduke of Austria and Suleiman the Magnificent kept on fighting within this period with a few years of peace every once in a while.

Eventually, after Ottoman siege to Vienna failed naturally due to several reasons, there was a deadlock. Even though Ottomans continued advance towards Slovenia and even Slovakia, chased for Charles V's main army, there was never such a great battle and Ottomans were unable to advance more.

So the basic story was the struggle over Hungary at 16th century and passed in Ottoman supremacy while Austrians were in defense.

This is it for 16th century. I will be back with more.


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  Quote Temujin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Sep-2007 at 14:27
Originally posted by Kapikulu

Austria by then got busy against France at first, and then after Napoleonic Wars, concentrated its policy on German principalities and then there was the confrontation in Balkans slowly beginning between Austria and Russia.


Austria had no business with German principalities after NapWars at all, main occupation of the Dual Monarchy after NapWars was fighting Italian Nationalism.
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  Quote Kapikulu Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 14-Oct-2007 at 22:19
Originally posted by Temujin



Austria had no business with German principalities after NapWars at all, main occupation of the Dual Monarchy after NapWars was fighting Italian Nationalism.
Apart from the Italian nationalism, was not there a race between Prussia and Austrian Empire for dominance over the German principalities, which led to the Seven Weeks' War of 1866..At least in order to stop the Prussian growth?
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  Quote HaloChanter Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 14-Oct-2007 at 23:24
'Austria had no business with German principalities after NapWars at all, main occupation of the Dual Monarchy after NapWars was fighting Italian Nationalism.'
 
- Indeed, the War of 1866 is one of the most important continental conflicts of the Nineteenth Century, securing Prussian power in Germany and allowing it to turn successfully on France in 1871, and well hey, the rest is ruinous history, as they say.
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  Quote Temujin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 15-Oct-2007 at 19:01
Originally posted by Kapikulu

Apart from the Italian nationalism, was not there a race between Prussia and Austrian Empire for dominance over the German principalities, which led to the Seven Weeks' War of 1866..At least in order to stop the Prussian growth?


like with the space race, there was no race, or at least it was unilateral. the emperor of austria was already head of the German union, that is, basically, the sucessor of the HRE, or better to speak, the Rhine confederacy. so, Austria was the predomiant power in Germany already and it was Prussia who wanted to change this. after Austria lost all its western territories (Belgium, Vordersterreich) after the NapWars, they contended themselves to be the theoretical leader of the German states.
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  Quote HaloChanter Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 15-Oct-2007 at 19:13

I'm not entirely sure I agree, Temujin. When Bismark acceeded to the post of Chancellor, he mastered a campaign of Prussian dominance in Germany.

He engineered the conflict with Denmark over the Duchies to both humiliate Austria and gain the leadership of Germany in the eyes of the Princes.
 
Having done so successfully, Bismark almost single handedly created a web to draw Austria in to a war that Prussia was ready and waiting for. The defeat of Austria essentially passed the crown to Prussia, which allowed Bismark to lead an almost united Germany against France in 1870.
 
The history of Austria from the 1840's to 1866 was essentially one of contest with the rising Prussia for the leadership of the German states.
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  Quote Temujin Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 15-Oct-2007 at 19:18
Austria has only sent 2 brigades to Denmark. Austria in this time had 3 major wars with Italy (Sardinia-Piedmont), the second involving France (which was lost), the last one in 1866, with the Italians as allies of Prussia.

as it is obvious, Austria had no business in germany until it was drawn into war with prussia.
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  Quote Sublime Porte Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 24-Jun-2008 at 23:07

In the "Rise and Fall of Great Powers", Paul Kennedy affirms that 1519-1661 period (from Charles V became the king of Austria and Spain to 1661 Pirene Truce) was the age of sovereignity attempt of Habsburgs in Europe and there was a anti-Habsburg block otherwise; like France, Holland and protestant German states on the north.

Ottoman Empire was an undeclared member of this entente, because they were struggling against both of the Habsburg wings; Austria and Spain. (Eastern Europe and Mediterranean, like Mohaç-1526 and Lepante-1571 battles)
 
Also the economic capitulations provided for France in 1541 and the firman Suleyman I published for the reformists in the same years makes the sight more clear i think.
 
 
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  Quote Byzantine Emperor Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 02-Jul-2008 at 03:25
Originally posted by Sublime Porte

In the "Rise and Fall of Great Powers", Paul Kennedy affirms that 1519-1661 period (from Charles V became the king of Austria and Spain to 1661 Pirene Truce) was the age of sovereignity attempt of Habsburgs in Europe and there was a anti-Habsburg block otherwise; like France, Holland and protestant German states on the north.
 
The political situation with the four religious groups contending for power in Central Europe is a fascinating subject.  Far away from Spain, Germany, and Italy, the centers of Protestant and Catholic control, in Constantinople and Eastern Europe of all places a battle was being waged over influence.  The Protestants gained some ground in Transylvania and even in Constantinople itself, as the controversy with the Patriarch Kyril Loukaris demonstrates.  The Jesuits were extending their influence into Hungary, Wallachia, and the capital.  All the while the Ottomans looked on all of them with suspicion and not trusting them within the Empire's boundaries.
 
From the viewpoint of the Ottomans, was it beneficial for them to favor any one of the groups?  I think the Sultans' main fear was that the Orthodox would reunite with Rome and a new Crusade would be launched with Catholic allies within their borders.
 
Originally posted by Sublime Porte

Ottoman Empire was an undeclared member of this entente, because they were struggling against both of the Habsburg wings; Austria and Spain. (Eastern Europe and Mediterranean, like Mohaç-1526 and Lepante-1571 battles)
 
Also the economic capitulations provided for France in 1541 and the firman Suleyman I published for the reformists in the same years makes the sight more clear i think.
 
By "reformists" do you mean Protestant factions?  What did this firman say exactly?
 
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  Quote Sublime Porte Quote  Post ReplyReply Direct Link To This Post Posted: 03-Jul-2008 at 01:02
Originally posted by Byzantine Emperor

The Protestants gained some ground in Transylvania and even in Constantinople itself, as the controversy with the Patriarch Kyril Loukaris demonstrates.
 
This is a significant event which many of the sources do not refer elaborately.
 
One of those protestants, a Huguneot officer called De Rochefort had also offered a astonishing reform project to Ibrahim Pasha in 1717, that was entitled Nizam-ı Cedid (New Order) for the first time in Ottoman history (1). 
 
I am looking for more clues about Protestan (especially Huguenot) activities in Ottoman Empire. (Not only their connections with Orthodoxes, but also influences on the government.)
 
Originally posted by Byzantine Emperor

 
By "reformists" do you mean Protestant factions?  What did this firman say exactly?
 
 
Yes, of course.
 
That firman (or one of those firmans) was stressing that the Sultan would encourage the reformists against Catholics and also emphasizing that the Protestanism is close and fellow to the Islam creed, because of refusing clergy and penetration of the Pope. (2)
 
Actually the symphaty on reformists was a common attitude among Ottoman Turks, including ulema. That much quod, Halil Inalcik affirms, some Catholics were asserting about Calvin-Turkism in 16th century.
 
For more informations, see:
 
(1) Niyazi Berkes, Development of Secularism in Turkey
 
(2) Halil İnalcık, Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age (1300-1600)
 
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