Pakistans Stolen History

It�s confirmed- Harappans used spoked wheels Nov. 18th, 2006

Recent findings at Bhirrana in Fatehabad district of Haryana by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Excavation Division, Nagpur has dispelled all the misconceptions about existence of spoked wheels during the Harappan period.

The survey has found 30-40 pieces of toy terracotta wheels with spokes and also spokes in relief. These wheels have been found right from the Early Harappan period (2800 BC to 3200 BC) through the Transition period to the Mature Harappan civilisation (1900 BC to 2800 BC). �Till now a big group of scholars believed that Harappans did not use spoked wheels at all. And if at all the spoked wheels arrived in the Indus Valley it was during the Post Harappan period, which is equated with immigration of the Aryans in India. But recent research by ASI has negated this as terracotta toy wheels were discovered from many sites in Kalibangan, Banawali, Mitathal, Rakhigarhi and Lothal areas�, said L S Rao, Superintending Archaeologist , Excavation, ASI in city talking to The Hitavada.

Describing the history of Harappan civilisation based on the excavations carried out from time to time by the ASI since 1920 till 2006, Rao said that the first indicative excavations were conducted by Sir Mortimer Wheeler from 1944-48 when he discovered pottery from the defence wall of the Harappan city. These studies then led to finding out the antecedents of the Harappan culture in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab in India and Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan districts in Pakistan. In India, four important sites were discovered at Kot Diji, Amri in Pakistan and Kalibangan and Sothi in Rajasthan. Pottery related to Mature Harappan period was excavated from these areas.

Rao said that the excavations in India in Kalibangan showed two different civilisations separated from each other whereas in Pakistan then excavations showed successive civilisations without any break from Early Harappan to Mature Harappan period. Initially, the Banawali site in Fatehabad in Haryana showed a transition from early to mature period. Interestingly here too successive civilisations lived but due to an earthquake in the middle period man shifted from here and hence the area was destroyed and no remnants found. The signs of this were located from Dholavira in Kutch in Gujarat and proved the transition phase. Dr Mugal from Pakistan explored the civilisations in his country and found pottery of Harappan period from Hakada and named them as Hakdaware. But on Indian side in spite of explorations in so many sites no deposits of Hakdaware culture were found prior to Early Harappan period both in Kalibangan and Banawali. But the excavations conducted in Bhirrana from 2003-06 deposits showing even Hakdaware cultural remains. These thus showed that man by then had known the use of both solid wheels as well as spoked wheels and also spokes in relief.

Bhirrana, dt.Fatehabad

The site was excavated for two field seasons during 2003-04 and 2004-05. The excavation has reveled a well planned fortified Mature Harappan town datable to 3^rd millennium B.C.. The massive fortification  wall of the town  was made of mud bricks. The houses were made of mud bricks. The other important findings from the excavation include steatite seals, beads of semi-precious stones, celts and bangles all belonging to mature Harappan culture.

The presence of sites by Bhirrana and over 2,000 sites (over 80% of IVC sites) on Sarasvati river basin should make Paki friends ponder if it should not be called SVC (Sarasvati Valley Civilization).

With that you can perhaps get satisfied that "India" was not in "Asia", so that "Pakistan"'s claim of IVC is justified (This I am mentioning, just for the purpose). So we all know that where was "India" and "Asia"."

I think Maqsad has not understood the issue.

According to AIT, the so-called "Aryans" / "Brahmins" came from Central Asia, destroyed the "Dravidian" IVC and then, entered "India" pushing "Dravidians" down to the South.

According to the "Origin of Dravidians", the westerners propounded that they too came from outside and entered "India", just like "Aryans". But, the "Dravidian" scholars argue that they were from Kumarikkandam. In fact, they also feel pround of Ravana, a Dravidian King, who was reportedly defeated by the Aryan Rama. Of course, Ravana was a Siva Bakta and spoke Sanskrit well. And there had been "Brahmins / Parppans" in the ancient Tamil society. So, they could argue that "Brahmins" came from the south and spread to other areas through north-east to SEA countries and north-west to other western countries.

So, whether your Panini and his brothers were Aryan or Dravidian or a Brahmin? Incidentally, who is that brother of Panini and what is his name?

The indus valley was based in modern day punjab and sindh. so the only people that can claim indus valley civilization as thier history are the punjabis and sindhis. And i agree no one from present day india except the indian punjabis and maybe gujaratis can claim that indus valley as thier heritage. And also i agree that there is no evidence that dravidains had anything to do with indus valley

That Dravidians did not build cities in South India is not an issue.

We Dravidians believe based on historians and world scholars that they built cities down-south in the Kumarikkandam, but it was submerged.

The Wikipedia says like this:

This geographical and chronological horizon would correspond well with an identification of Proto-Dravidian with the unknown language of the Indus Valley civilization, and the individual groups of Dravidian speakers would have been scattered after its collapse in the early 2nd millennium BC, a fact that receives some support from human genetics: the frequency of Haplogroup L (Y-DNA) in Dravidian upper and middle castes suggests that it may have been (perhaps besides J2) the original Y-haplogroup of the creators of this civilization (Sengupta et al. 2006). Various substratic influence on Vedic Sanskrit ascribed to Dravidian lends further support to this Proto-Dravidian as the IVC language. Asko Parpola has suggested that Meluhha may be the Sumerian rendition of the a native Proto-Dravidian name for the Indus Valley Civilization.

The identification of Indus Valley Civilization language with some form of Dravidian has not been conclusive or successful. Iravatham Mahadevan, who with his knowledge of both Tamil and Sanskrit, spent many decades studying the IVC script said in an interview in 1998 that IVC script is undeciphered. According to Michael Witzel, the well-known Indologist, there are not many Dravidian loan words in the earliest stratum of Vedas, even though, the Dravidian influence quickly increases in the post-Rigvedic period. In the essay "Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan", Prof. Witzel says "As we can no longer reckon with Dravidian influence on the early RV, this means that the language of the pre-Rigvedic Indus civilization, at least in the Panjab, was of (Para-)Austro-Asiatic nature."

Self-published freelance writer Egbert Richter-Ushanas, who took parts in excavations in other ancient civilizations such as that of Crete and the Easter Islands says concerning the IVC seals: "All the seals are based on Vedas -- Rig Veda and Atharva Veda."

Our scholar Madhivanan reads IVC script in Tamil.

Iravatham Mahadevan, Asko Parpola and others read them in Tamil.

Can others read IVC in their languages?